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Brassica juncea

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Brassica juncea

Brassica juncea, ahịhịa mọstad na-adịkarị, mọstad aja aja, mọstad China, mọstad India, mọstad green Korea, mọstad akwukwo, mọstad Oriental na mọstad akwukwo nri, bụ ụdị osisi mọstad.

Osisi ndị a na-akụ

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Enwere ike kewaa ụdị Brassica juncea n'ime obere ìgwè anọ: integrifolia, juncea, napiformis, na tsatsai.[1]

Integrifolia

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Ìgwè Foto Nkọwa
mustard akwụkwọ
 mustard akwụkwọ
 A maara akwụkwọ mustard dị ka "bamboo mustard", "obere gai choy" (小 菜), na "mustard cabbage".
Mustard na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Korea na mustard na-apụta apụ
 Osisi mustard na-amịpụta akwụkwọ na-acha uhie uhie (ụra) na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (청 Heather) na akwụkwọ nri.
Nnukwu mustard na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Japan (タカナ, 高菜)
Nnukwu mustard, nke a makwaara dị ka "Japanese mustard", "takana" (タカナ, 高菜), nwere akwụkwọ na-acha odo odo na-acha ọbara ọbara nke nwere ụtọ siri ike, dị nkọ, na-atọ ụtọ.
snow mustard
 A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  var. foliosa na B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia.[2] A maara osisi mustard dị ka "red-in-snow mustard", "green-in-Snow mustard" na "xuělǐhóng / hsueh li hung".
mustard nwere akwụkwọ ndụ A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia.[2] A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mustard curled", "American mustard", "Southern mustard"," "Texas mustard", na "Southern curled mustard".
mustard buru ibu mustard buru ibu
mustard nwere mpi A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. strumata.[2] Osisi mustard nwere "mpi" n'etiti ogwe ya, ya mere aha ya, "mustard nwere mpi".
mustard isi mustard isi A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. integrifolia var. Ọ na-esi ísì ụtọ.[2] Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ Swatow (Dai gai choy, chow mustard, chow Mustard fụchiri afụchi) na Bamboo (jook gai choi). [3]

Juncea

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Ìgwè Foto Nkọwa
mkpụrụ osisi mustard A na-akpọ mkpụrụ osisi mustard nwere mmanụ rai ma ọ bụ raya na India. Dị ka mkpụrụ mmanụ ndị ọzọ brassicas, ọ nwere ma elu-erucic acid na ala-erucic acid cultivars. A na-akpọ ụdị acid dị ala dị ka canola.[2]

Napiformis

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Ìgwè Foto Nkọwa
mkpụrụ osisi mustard A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. napiformis.[2] A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mkpụrụ osisi mustard", "mkpụrụ ndụ mustard buru ibu", "m mkpụrụ ndụ mustard", na "mkpụrụ obi mustard".

Tsatsai

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Ìgwè Foto Nkọwa
mustard multishoot mustard multishoot A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps.[2] A maara osisi mustard dị ka "mustard ọkụkọ", "multishoot mustard", na "mustand nwere isi itoolu".
Nnukwu osisi mustard Osisi Mkpụrụ osisi

(Stu okwu)

A maara ya na mbụ dị ka B. juncea  subsp. tsatsai var. tumida.[2] A na-akpọ osisi mustard nwere knobby, nke dị ka aka, nke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ "big-stem mustard" ma ọ bụ "swollen-stem mustart".

Ojiji

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Nri

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Templeeti:Nutritionalvalue N'ime ntụaka  100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce), elu mọstad esiri esi na-enye 110 kilojoules (kilocalories 26) nke ume nri ma bụrụ isi iyi bara ụba (20% ma ọ bụ karịa nke Uru kwa ụbọchị) nke vitamin A, C, na K—K dị elu karịa ka ọnụọgụ nke Uru Kwa ụbọchị. Akwụkwọ ahịhịa mọstad bụ isi iyi na-agafeghị oke nke vitamin E na calcium. Elu bụ 92% mmiri, 4.5% carbohydrates, 2.6% protein na 0.5% abụba (tebụl).

Nri

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Ndị Japan makataỤgbọ mmiri

A na-eri akwụkwọ, mkpụrụ, na alaka nke ụdị mọstad a. Osisi a na-apụta n'ụdị ụfọdụ na nri ndị Africa, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Filipino, Tripuri, Italian, Indian, Japanese, Okinawan, Nepali, Pakistani, Korean, Southern, Taiwanese, and African-American (nri mkpụrụ obi). A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi nke B. Juncea maka elu ha, yana maka imepụta mmanụ mọstad. A na-akpọ condimenti mọstad sitere na mkpụrụ nke B. juncea mọstad aja aja ma na-ewere ya dị ka oseose karịa mọstad odo.[4][5]

N'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịnwe ercic acid, ihe nwere ike ịbụ nsí, a na-egbochi mmanụ mustard ka ọ ghara ibubata dị ka mmanụ akwụkwọ nri na United States.[6] Otú ọ dị, ndị nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ nke United States ghọtara na mmanụ mọstad dị mkpa dị ka nke dị mma [6] Na Russia, nke a bụ ụdị ndị a na-emepụta maka mmepụta mmanụ mọstad. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ canning, ịsa achịcha na mmepụta margarine na Russia, a na-esikwa na B. Juncea mee ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime tebụl mọstad Russia.

A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme nri n'Afrịka, a na-ejikwa akụkụ osisi niile eme nri Nepal, ọkachasị na mpaghara ugwu nke Nepal, yana na Nri Punjabi n'akụkụ ugwu nke mpaghara India, ebe a na-akwadebe nri a na-akpọ sarson da saag (mustard greens). [7] B. juncea  subsp. A na-eji Tatsai, nke nwere ogwe osisi siri ike, eme ihe iji mee pickle Nepali a na-akpọ achar, na pickle Chinese zha cai.A na-akpọ osisi a "lai xaak" na Assamese ma na-akụ ya nke ukwuu n'oge oyi. A na-eri ya n'ụdị ọ bụla na Assam na Northeast, ma ọ bụ sie ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya na salad, sie ya naanị ya ma ọ bụrụ na anụ ezì.

N'oge mgbede Afọ Ọhụrụ nke Taiwan, Ndị Taiwan na-eri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (Chinese: 長年菜; pinyin: cháng nián cài: 長年菜; : cháng nián caw) dị ka akụkụ nke nri abalị nnọkọ, na-anọchi anya ogologo ndụ.[8][9]

Ndị Gorkhas nke steeti India nke Darjeeling, West Bengal na Sikkim yana Nepal na-akwadebe anụ ezì na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (nke a na-akpọkwa rayo na Nepali). A na-erikarị ya na ihe na-atọ ụtọ na osikapa a na-esi ísì ụtọ, mana enwere ike iri ya na Roti (achịcha griddle). Na Nepal, ọ bụkwa ihe a na-emekarị iji anụ dị iche iche sie nri ndị a, ọkachasị anụ ewu; nke a na-akwadebe n'ime ite ọkụ na-enweghị obere ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ iji lekwasị anya na ụtọ nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na chillies kpọrọ nkụ. B. juncea  (karịsịa mkpụrụ) na-esi ísì ụtọ karịa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ sitere na B. oleracea  (kale, broccoli, na collard greens), [10] ma na-agwakọta ya na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nri ndị a na efere nke "akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ".

Nri Ndị China Nri ndị Japan na-ejikwa akwụkwọ nri mustard. Na nri ndị Japan, a maara ya dị ka makata ma na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka onigiri ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe dị ụtọ. A na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị B. juncea  eme ihe, gụnyere zha cai, Mizuna, makata (var. integrifolia), juk gai choy, na xuelihong. A na-ejikarị ihe ọkụkụ mustard nke Eshia esi nri ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ dị nro. (Lee mustard pickled.) A na-ejikarị ihe ndị fọdụrụ na nnukwu nri eme nri Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia a na-akpọ asam gai choy ma ọ bụ kiam chai boey. Ọ na-agụnye iji tamarind sie mkpụrụ osisi mustard, chillies kpọrọ nkụ na anụ fọdụrụ na ọkpụkpụ. A makwaara Brassica juncea dị ka gai choi, siu gai choi، xiao jie cai, nwa mustard, Chinese leaf mustard ma ọ bụ mustard.[11]

  • Lai shak, mashed potato and fried eggplant
    Lai shak, mashed potato and fried eggplant
  • Fried mustard green dish
    Fried mustard green dish
  • Gat-kimchi, a variety of kimchi made with mustard greens
    Gat-kimchi, a variety of kimchi made with mustard greens
  • Cantonese-style braised mustard greens, with wolfberries
    Cantonese-style braised mustard greens, with wolfberries

Ndị na-akụ akwụkwọ nri na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi mustard mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịrụ ọrụ dị ka mulch, na-ekpuchi ala iji gbochie ahịhịa n'etiti ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụrụ na a zụlite ya dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, a na-egbutu osisi mustard n'ala mgbe ọ toro nke ọma, ma hapụ ya ka ọ kpọnwụọ n'elu, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mulch ruo mgbe a ga-akụ ihe ọkụkụ ọzọ, mgbe a na-egwu mustard. Na UK, a na-egbutu mustard a kụrụ n'oge ọkọchị na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ malite n'ọnwa Ọktoba. Enwere ike igbu mkpụrụ osisi n'ọnwa Eprel n'ọnwarị, na-eme ka ala dị ọcha maka ihe ọkụkụ a kụrụ n'oge ọkọchị.[12] Otu n'ime ọghọm nke iji mustard dị ka nsị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bụ na ọ na-enwekarị mgbọrọgwụ klọb.  Templeeti:Cn[citation needed]

Nkwado nke ahịhịa

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A na-eji osisi mọstad a mee ihe na phytoremediation iji wepụ ọla ndị dị arọ, dị ka ndu, na ala dị na ebe mkpofu dị ize ndụ n'ihi na ọ nwere oke nnabata maka ihe ndị a ma na-echekwa ọla ndị dị arọ na sel ya..[13] Karịsịa, Brassica juncea dị irè karịsịa n'iwepụ cadmium na ala..[14]Usoro iwepụ ọla dị arọ na-agwụ mgbe a na-egbute ihe ọkụkụ ma tụfuo ya nke ọma. E gosiputara phytoremediation dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe karịa usoro ọdịnala maka mbelata ígwè dị arọ na ala.[15] Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere mmetụta nke ibelata mbuze ala, belata mmetọ n'ebe dị iche iche.[13]

Hụkwa

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  • Sinapis alba (nke bụbu Brassica alba) - mustard na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha, ụdị mustard ọzọ
  • Brassica oleracea - cabbage ọhịa
  • Brassica nigra - mustard ojii, ụdị mustard ọzọ
  • Brassica rapa - ezinụlọ yiri ya nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a na-eri eri nke a na-eji esi nri n'Eshia
  • Brassica carinata - Mustard nke Etiopia
  • Maka osisi ndị ọzọ a na-eri eri n'ezinụlọ Brassicaceae, lee akwụkwọ nri cruciferous.

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ Spect (2001). "Brassica", in Hanelt: Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops, 1. Engl., Berlin: Springer, 1453‒1456. ISBN 3-540-41017-1. Retrieved on 20 February 2018. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Wiersema (2013). World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, 2nd, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-2142-8. Retrieved on 20 February 2018. 
  3. ↑ Hutton (2004). A Cook's Guide to Asian Vegetables. Singapore: Periplus Editions, 48-49. ISBN 0794600786. 
  4. ↑ Sakorn (June 13, 2012). "Biodegradation of glucosinolates in brown mustard seed meal (Brassica juncea) by Aspergillus sp. NR-4201 in liquid and solid-state cultures.". Biodegradation 13 (6): 395–9. DOI:10.1023/A:1022851129684. PMID 12713131. 
  5. ↑ Polistico (2017). Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary. Anvil Publishing, Inc.. ISBN 9786214200870. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Detention Without Physical Examination of Expressed Mustard Oil. US Food and Drug Administration (18 March 2011). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 1 February 2016.
  7. ↑ Chandrassekaran. "Flavour of Punjab", The Hindu, February 24, 2013. Retrieved on 6 March 2013.
  8. ↑ 郭冀銘. "不只抗癌又護神經 專家曝「長年菜」5大好處 1招降苦味", China Times, 2024-02-11. Retrieved on 7 January 2025. (in zh-tw)
  9. ↑ 黃妙雲. "降血壓、保眼護膚又助抗癌 年菜必備「長年菜」芥菜營養價值高", United Daily News, 2024-02-07. Retrieved on 7 January 2025. (in zh-tw)
  10. ↑ Ghawi (2014). "Consumer acceptability and sensory profile of cooked broccoli with mustard seeds added to improve chemoprotective properties". Journal of Food Science 79 (9): S1756–62. DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12556. PMID 25156799. 
  11. ↑ Kai Choi - Your British Oriental Vegetable Grower. cherryfarms.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-05-31.
  12. ↑ Mustard Green Manure Seeds. greenmanure.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved on February 28, 2018.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 (2012) in Naser A. Anjum: The plant family Brassicaceae contribution towards phytoremediation, etal. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 9789400739130. 
  14. ↑ Schneider (September 1999). "Micro-PIXE studies of elemental distribution in Cd-accumulating Brassica juncea L". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 158 (1–4): 329–334. DOI:10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00356-0. 
  15. ↑ Lone (2008). "Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water: Progresses and perspectives". Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 9 (3): 210–220. DOI:10.1631/jzus.B0710633. PMID 18357623. 
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