Caribbean folklore
Akụkọ ọdịnala Caribbean akwụkwọ nke ọdịnala, okpukpe, na mkpa nke mpaghara Caribbean. Akụkọ ọdịnala Caribbean sitere na ihe mere eme na ime ike, egwu, ịgba ohu, na iche dị iche iche. N'ụzọ doro anya, dị iche sitere na mgbanwe Africa, Creole, Asia, Indigenous American, European, na Indian gba egbochi na Caribbean iji nkwadebe nke ndị okpukpe mere iche na mpaghara ahụ.[1] Akụkọ ọdịnala Caribbean nwere ọtụtụ ihe odide dị iche iche na-egosi dị iche iche. Akụkọ ọdịnala agbanweela site na ịgwakọta okwu ọdịnala, ụka Creole, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche na-ahụ ụdịdị ụdị, nke na-egosi "mmụọ" na "mmụọ obi" nke Caribbean. A na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ isiokwu na omenala Caribbean, ihe nkiri nketa nke, ịdị na-dị iche, na ụdị maka iche iche. Ndị edemede dị ka Nalo Hopkinson na-eji ihe ndị a eme ihe n'ihe odide ha site n'ịkpa okpukpe ifo na omenala n'ime ha nke oge a.
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Folklore bụ ọdịbendị ọdịnala, okwu, ịgba egwú, akụkọ, ma ọ bụ ụdị nka nke echekwara n'etiti otu ndị mmadụ.[1] Ìgwè dị iche iche nwere akụkọ na akụkọ dị iche iche nke ndị ha.
N'iche iche omenala Caribbean, ihe dị odide iche iche mgbawo na- agbanwe n'oge niile site na ndị na-ekwu na nke edere ede, dị ka "Ananse" na "Papa Bois".[1] N'ime afọ 80 gara aga, ojiji nke okwu ọdịnala na ụka Creole ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara omenala na ojiji nke omenala n'olu agbanweela.
Folklore arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ka ndị na-enwe ike ike ụdị akwụkwọ ọhụrụ nke iche na Caribbean, akwụkwọ nke ajụjụ obi na-egosi nke mpaghara na ndị ya.[1] Ọtụtụ Caribbean nwere ihe mere eme nke obodo, Ịgba ohu, eze ndị ọzọ, na ogidi maka akwụkwọ onwe.[2] Okwu ndị a emeela ka omenala Caribbean nọchite anya akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Caribbean.[3] mgbaàmà Caribbean nwere ihe mere nke eme dị iche iche ukwu na-eme ihe ike, nke dị iche na ọnọdụ Edenic ya.[4] Akụkọ ihe mere eme a kpochapụ mkpochapụ nke ụmụ amaala America, ahia ohu nke Africa, na mbata nke ndị ọrụ si China na East India.[5] Ngwakọta iche iche nke iche, aha, na omenala na-enye aka na omenala Caribbean.
N'ihi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara ahụ na ahia ohu nke Africa, akụkọ ọdịnala Caribbean nwere njikọ chiri anya na akụkọ ọdịnala Africa. Ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ, abụ, ilu, ihe omimi, na nkwenkwe ụgha ndị a na-ahụ n'àgwàetiti ndị Caribbean nwere ike ịlaghachi n'Africa.[2] Echiche okpukpe na ememe ndị e si n'Afrịka weta emeela ka ọdịiche ọhụrụ pụta. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ dị mkpa maka ndị na-eme ọdịiche ndị a ka ha gbakọta ma kpebie ịdị mma nke ememe ha.[3]
Ihe ndịiche iche nke ụdị ndị na-dị dị iche iche na-akpali ndị na-ese ihe na ndị edemede ka ha na-agagharị n'iche ka ha na'ịnọgide na-enwe esemokwu mpaghara na ọrụ ha.[1] anjirimara dị iche iche a bụ isiokwu na-aga n'ihu na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na omenala Caribbean, na- ihe dị n'etiti ihe nketa nke ndị na-eso ụzọ, na-abụ, na-akpa onwe onye na nke otu.[2] A na-ekewa akwụkwọ na omenala Caribbean site na ọrụ (Bekee, Dutch, Spanish, na French). Mgbe a na- orí Creole n'asụsụ, ọ na-ese site n'echiche nke onye si n' nara-eleba anya na ndụ ụmụ amaala ma na-ahụ tiadị.[3] Omenala ọnụ, ndị a na-akpọ Anancy na omenala, ụdị ọgwụ, na-akpọ Caribbean.[4]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe a ma na mpaghara Caribbean niile bụ Anancy Stories (nke a na-emepụta dị ka Nancy Stories), nke nwere ike ha na West Africa. Ananse bụ okwu Asante maka udo.[1] Onye ndu Anancy (nke a dị ka Ananci, Ananse, Anansi, Ananci Krokoko, na Brer Nancy), ya na ndị isi ya na nkà ya maka ịlanịrị ihe, mgbe mgbe site na ndu, bụ ihe a ma ama n'ụdị akụkọ akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Afrịka na Caribbean, ọ bụ ebe na ndị na-eme ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Agha Afrịka na, ma sitere na iche iche na ndị Yoruba na-eme ka ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Agha Afrịka na, ma sitere na iche iche na ndị Yoruba, Ibo.
"Papa Bois" na-akọwa n'ụdị ụdị, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mgbada, mgbe ụfọdụ na uwe ochie, mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ntutu ma ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ agadi, siri ike ma nwee uru ahụ, nwere akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na-etolite na afụ ọnụ ya. Dị ka onye na-elekọta ụmụ anụmanụ na onye na-eche osisi, a maara ya ka ọ na-akuko mpi ehi iji dọọ ndị enyi ya aka ná ntĩodi ọbịbịa nke ndị na-ahụ nta. Ọ naghị anabata igbu ọchụ maka igbu ọchukwu, ma ọ bụ ụdị nke ụdị.[5]
"La Diablesse", Ekwensu, na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye ochie ochie, nke na-eji ụkwụ ya gbawara agbawa na-aga n'ihu site n'azụ osisi n'okporo ụzọ owu na-ama, onye nke agbụ na-agwakọta na ego nke uwe ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-ewere ụfọdụ nke mara mma iji dọta ụfọdụ ndị na-agafe agafe na-ekiri ihe ọ ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ma ọ bụ ma anụmanụ anya tụbọọ. Ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike iyi ka ọ dị obere, a ga-eyi uwe ọdịnala nke mkpọsa ndị a: turban madras, uwe elu nwera ọkara aka na ọtụtụ ihe mma na lace, zepingue tremblant ("pin nke ihe"), na ihe niile dị mma nke ụbọchị ndị gara aga. akara mgbe ọ mara mma, ihe na-agba ya mgba okpuru - ọ na-enwekarị otu ụkwụ na ụkwụ ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụkwụ abụọ ọ na-eji ogologo uwe ya na-awụ zoo..[5]
."Mama Dlo" ma ọ bụ "Mama Dglo" (nke a mara na West Africa taa dị ka Mama Wata) yiri onye mermaid nke okpukpe omenala Europe ma na-enye anya mgbasa mmiri nke West Africa. Aha ya sitere na French maman de l'eau, nke dị "nne mmiri". Dị ka ndị ihe mere eme si kwuo, ọ na-atọrọ ndị njem ma doro ha n'ime mmiri mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na ọ họrọ ndị njem n'ala, ha ga-aba akara ma mara mma akụkụ ka ha dịbu[5]
"Soucouyant," nke aha ya sitere na French sitere na okwu "to suck", bụ onye nwanyị meworo okenye. A na-agwa ya na ọ na-awụfu akpụkpọ ahụ ya n'abalị ma na-efe efe n'eluigwe, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka bọl ọkụ, iji mị ọbara n'aka ndị ọ na-egbu.
"Ligahoo" ma ọ bụ "Loup Garou" bụ onye na-agbanwe ọdịdị, nwoke nwere ike n'elu okike na ikike ịgbanwe ọdịdị na nke anụmanụ. Na Caribbean Myths, Loup-Garou bụ nwoke nke ya na ekwensu mere nkwekọrịta iji nwee ikike ịgbanwe ọdịdị (na anụ ọhịa wolf) ka n'abalị, ọ nwee ike ịgagharị na-egbu egbu n'enweghị mgbe e jidere ya.[5]
Ndị na-akọ akụkọ a ma ama
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Roy Heath
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Roy Heath bụ onye edemede Guyanese nke dere akwụkwọ ozi dabere na sitere na omenala Afro-Guyanese Ndị Amerindian. Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu ndị na-eme akwụkwọ ya n'ịhụhụ ndị, nrọ, na ojiji ihe nkpuchi, ihe niile dị na omenala Caribbean. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na- njikọ njikọ dị n'etiti omenala na omenala n'Africa na Africa-Caribbean. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ma ama onye gburu mmadụ (1978), Kwaku; ma ọ bụ Nwoke nke apụghị imechi ọnụ ya (1982), Orealla (1984), na The Shadow Bride (1988)). [6]
Grace Hallworth
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Grace Hallworth bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ si Trinidad na Tobago, onye ọrụ ya ama ama ama Stories to Read and Tell (1973), The Carnival Kite (1980), Mouth Open na Story Jump Out (1984). Ọ na-akọ omenala Caribbean, na-echekwa ma na-eme ka ndị Caribbean dịghachi ndụ.[7]
Dionne Brand
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dionne Brand bụ onye edemede na onye njem ndị si Trinidad na Tobago. Ihe odide ya na-ekpuchi akụkụ Caribbean, na-ekwu maka ,eme ihe mere eme, ihe, okike, na mmekọahụ. A maara Brand maka nchịkọta uri ya Earth Magic (1979) na A Caribbean Dozen (1994). Ọrụ ndị a na-enye echiche echiche iche isi nke nwata n'ime mkpụrụ Caribbean.[8]
Nalo Hopkinson
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nalo Hopkinson bụ onye edemede si Jamaica nke na-akpa okpukpe ọdịnala Caribbean n'ime okpukpe ya. Ọrụ ya na-agụnye okpukpe ifo, omenala, na ịhụnanya Afro-Caribbean. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ya, dị ka Brown Girl in the Ring (1998) na Midnight Robber (2000), na-etinye aka na akwụkwọ sitere na omenala Caribbean. Ọ na-eji ihe ngosi, emee, na usoro na ngosi ya. [9]
Bibliography na ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Abrahams, Roger D. (1985). African American Folktales: Akụkọ sitere na Black Traditions in the New World. Penguin
- Elswit, Sharon Barcan (2017). The Caribbean Story Finder: A Guide to 438 Tales from 24 Nations and Territories, Listing Subjects and Sources. McFarland & Company, Inc.
- Wolkstein, Diane (1997). Osisi Orange Magic: na Folktales ndị ọzọ nke Haiti. Ụlọ Penguin Random
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Definition of FOLKLORE (en). www.merriam-webster.com (2023-11-25). Retrieved on 2023-12-04.
- ↑ Lawrence (1981-04-01). "The African Presence In Caribbean Folklore". New Directions 8 (3).
- ↑ Otero (2007). "Introduction: Investigating Possession Pasts: Memory and Afro-Caribbean Religion and Folklore". Western Folklore 66 (1/2): 7–13. ISSN 0043-373X.
- ↑ Broek (December 4, 2023). Caribbean literature. Credo Reference. Retrieved on 2023-12-04.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 editorinchief8 (2021-10-29). 6 Caribbean Folklore Figures You Need to Know (en). Brown Gyal Diary. Retrieved on 2023-11-10. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Akoma (1998). "Folklore and the African-Caribbean Narrative Imagination: The Example of Roy Heath". Research in African Literatures 29 (3): 82–97. ISSN 0034-5210.
- ↑ Tucker (2006-01-01). "Hallworth, Grace", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature (in en). Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-514656-1. Retrieved on 2023-12-04.
- ↑ Gavin (2006-01-01). "Brand, Dionne", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature (in en). Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-514656-1. Retrieved on 2023-12-04.
- ↑ McNeil (2023-12-04). Nalo Hopkinson. Credo Reference. Retrieved on 2023-12-04.