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Charles Greeley Abbot

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Charles Greeley Abbot
Dr. Charles Greeley Abbot
5th Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
In office
1928–1944
Preceded byCharles Doolittle Walcott
Succeeded byAlexander Wetmore
Personal details
Born(1872-05-31) 31 Mee 1872
Wilton, New Hampshire[1]
Died17 Disemba 1973(1973-12-17) (aged 101)
Riverdale Park, Maryland, U.S.
Spouse(s)Lillian Elvira Moore Abbot (m. 1897–1944; death),[2]
Virginia Andes Johnson (m. 1954–1973; death)
Alma materPhillips Academy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS)

Charles Greeley Abbot (Mee 31, 1872 - Disemba 17, afọ 1973) bụ onye Amerịka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mbara igwe nakwa odeakwụkwọ nke ise na Ụlọ ọrụ Smithsonian, na-arụ ọrụ site n'afọ 1928 wee ruo afọ 1944. [1] [3] Abbot si n'ịbụ onye nduzi nke Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian, ruo n'ịbụ onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ, wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke Ụlọ ọrụ Smithsonian n'oge ọrụ ya. Dịka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mbara igwe, ọ nyochachara ihe ndị na-eme ka anyanwụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, nchọpụta nke mere ka o chepụta ihe na-esi nri anyanwụ, ihe na-eme ka anyanwụ na-agba ọkụ, ihe na-eme ka anyanwụ na-agba ọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ e mepụtara ike anyanwụ nke nwere ikike.

Ndụ mbido na agụmakwụkwọ

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Abbot, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, yana wiil mmiri o mepụtara.

A mụrụ Charles Greeley Abbot n' obodo Wilton, New Hampshire . [1] [4] Ndị mụrụ ya, Harris Abbot na Caroline Ann Greeley, bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo, ọ bụkwa nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ anọ. [4] [5] Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ rụrụ ma mepụta ọtụtụ ihe, gunyere ihe e ji arụ ọrụ iji rụzie ngwaọrụ, wiil mmiri iji mee ka osisi na-akwọ ụgbọala, na igwe kwụ otu ebe . Ọ kwụsịrị ịga akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 13 ka ọ bụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ ọkwá nkà . Ka afọ abụọ nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị . [6] Ọ gara Ụlọ akwụkwọ Phillips . [1] [6] Mgbe enyi ya gara na Boston ịga ule ntinye iji banye na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Abbot gara maka ohere ịga Boston. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọ bịarutere, ahụ erughị ya ala ịga Boston naanị ya wee họrọ ịga ule ahụ kama. Ọ gafere, ezinụlọ ya chịkọtara ego iji ziga ya na MIT maka otu afọ. Ọ malitere ịmụ injinia kemịkalụ, mana mechara gaa na fizik . [6]

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1894 site na nzere Nna-ukwu nke Sayensị na fizik . [1] [7] N'oge ọ nọ na Boston, Abbot zutere Samuel P. Langley na kampus MIT mgbe Langley gara ịchọ onye enyemaka. [6] N'afọ 1895, ọ ga-amalite ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka na Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian . [1] [8] [9]

Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian

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Charles Greeley Abbot, n'agbata afọ 1913 na 1917

Mgbe ọ nọ na Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian (SAO), Abbot na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Samuel P. Langley . Langley ga-aga n'ihu ịgbanwe uche ya site na radieshon anyanwụ gaa na mbara igwe, Abbot ga-ewerekwa ọrụ nyocha radieshon anyanwụ. Abbot ga-esonye n'ọtụtụ njem . N'afọ 1900, ya na Langley ga-aga Wadesboro, North Carolina iji hụ ka anyanwụ na-ekpuchi anyanwụ, [10] wee soro njem ọzọ na-ekpuchi anyanwụ gaa Sumatra n'afọ 1901. N'oge ahụmịhe njem ya, ọ ga-agakwa Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Australia, na mba ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ mgbe na mmekorita ya na National Geographic Society . Abbot ga-aghọ onye isi oche nke SAO n'afọ 1906 [9] yana n'afọ 1907, Abbot ghọrọ onye isi nke Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian, mgbe Samuel P. Langley nwụsịrị. [1] Ọ bụ ezie na Langley ka bụ onye isi, ọ gara Ugwu Whitney, wee kpebie na ọ ga-abụ ebe dị mma maka ebe a na-ekiri ihe nkiri. Abbot nwetara ego maka ebe a na-enyocha ihe, e wee wuo ya n'afọ 1909. [11] Dịka onye isi, ọkwa ọ ga-anọ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, Abbot meghere ụlọ nyocha Radieshon Bayoloji n'afọ 1929, iji mụọ mmetụta radieshon na osisi, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. [1] [12] Nke a nyeere aka ịmepụta usoro mbụ nke ndị nchọpụta bayofiziks na United States. [1]

Ndụ na ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ Smithsonian

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Abbot nwere akpa jupụtara na mbipụta nke ihe ndị a hụrụ n'anya n'anwụ, n'afọ 1968

Abbot ga-abụ Osote Odeakwụkwọ na Ụlọ Nchebe Astrophysics nke Smithsonian n'afọ 1918, [1]mgbe Frederick W. True nwụrụ. [13] N'ọrụ ya dịka Odeakwụkwọ Osote, ọ ga-elekọta Ọbá Akwụkwọ Smithsonian Institution, International Exchange Service, na SAO. [13] O sokwa mepụta akwụkwọ Smithsonian Scientific Series, nke nyeere aka inweta ego maka Smithsonian. [4]

ka afọ iri nke ahụ gasịrị, n'onwa Jenụwarị 10, afọ 1928, ọ ghọrọ Odeakwụkwọ nke ise nke Smithsonian mgbe Charles Doolittle Walcott nwụsịrị. Abbot ga-anọgidekwa n'ọkwa ya dị ka Onye Nduzi nke Astrophysical Observatory. N'afọ 1927, Walcott emechaala atụmatụ atụmatụ nke Smithsonian, nke Abbot were ibu ọrụ ya mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka Odeakwụkwọ. Smithsonian malitere mkpọsa isi obodo n'afọ 1929, dabara na mmalite nke Great Depression . N'oge ọchịchị a, Abbot lekọtara isonye Smithsonian na ọrụ Works Progress Administration, gụnyere Federal Art Project . Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere ụlọ ọhụrụ na ihe osise na National Zoo, na mmalite nke ọrụ mgbasa ozi mbụ nke Smithsonian, ihe ngosi redio a kpọrọ The World is Yours . [1] Ụwa nke Abụọ]] . [14] N'afọ 1930s, a kwadoro mmụba maka Ụlọ Mba ihe ngosi nka maka Akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke agaghị amalite ruo afọ 1960s. E bufekwara Ụlọ ọrụ maka Social Anthropology nye Smithsonian n'oge a. [1] Mgbe Abbot bụ odeakwụkwọ, ọ gaghị enweta National Gallery of Art maka Smithsonian. Ọrụ Abbot na <a href="./United_States_National_Museum" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="189" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Smithsonian Institution&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Smithsonian_Building_Sunlight.jpg/120px-Smithsonian_Building_Sunlight.jpg&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:48},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;US group of museums and research centers&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q131626&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="mw-redirect cx-link" id="mw5g" title="United States National Museum">Ụlọ Mba ihe ngosi nka nke United States</a> dịkwa obere, ọ nọkwa n'okpuru nlekọta bụ isi nke Osote Odeakwụkwọ Alexander Wetmore . [4]

Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ Smithsonian nke mbụ lara ezumike nká, wee kwụsị ọrụ ya n'onwa Julaị 1, afọ 1944. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, e nyere ya ọkwa Odeakwụkwọ nke ama dika Emeritus [1] wee gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ nyocha ya. [15] A ga-eme oriri ezumike Smithsonian mbụ n'oge ọchịchị ya. N'oriri ahụ, Abbot bụrụ abụ ma kpọọ cello maka ndị na-aga oriri ahụ. Mgbe ọ nọ na Washington, ọ bụ dikọn na Ụka ọgbakọ mbụ. Ọ na-egwurikwa tenis ugboro ugboro n'ọgbọ egwuregwu tenis mbụ di na Ụlọ eze Smithsonian. [1]

Ndụ mgbe e mesịrị na ihe nketa

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N'oge ndụ ya, a họpụtara Abbot ka ọ bụrụ onye otu American Philosophical Society, [16] United States National Academy of Sciences, [17] na American Academy of Arts and Sciences . [18] Na onwa Mee 31,afọ 1955, Smithsonian mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ maka Abbot, na-eme emume ncheta ọmụmụ afọ 83 ya na afọ 60 ya na Smithsonian. Emere emume a na Ụlọ eze Smithsonian ma nye Abbot ihe osise ọla nchara, nke Alicia Neatherly dere, ma nye ya onyinye na National Gallery of Art . [19] Charles Greeley Abbot nwụrụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 101 na Maryland, na Disemba 17, afọ 1973. [1] [20] Ndi American Solar Energy Society nwere ihe nrite akpọrọ maka nsọpụrụ Abbot, nke a na-enye maka onyinye na nyocha ike anyanwụ . [21]

A kpọkwara olulu Abbot dị n'elu Ọnwa aha ya.

Ọrụ nyocha

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Igwe esi nri anyanwụ nke Abbot di na Ugwu Wilson Observatory.

Abbot malitere nnyocha ya gbasara mbara igwe nke lekwasịrị anya na radieshon anyanwụ tupu ọ gaa n'ihu na eserese usoro okirikiri dị na mgbanwe anyanwụ . Site na nnyocha a, o nwere olileanya ịgbaso usoro anyanwụ iji mee amụma ọdịdị ihu igwe. [1] O kwenyere na anyanwụ bụ kpakpando na-agbanwe agbanwe nke metụtara ihu igwe n'ụwa, nke ọtụtụ ndị ọgbọ ya katọrọ. N'afọ 1953, ọ chọpụtara njikọ dị n'etiti mgbanwe anyanwụ na ihu igwe mbara ala. Nchọpụta a mere ka e buru amụma banyere ọdịdị ihu igwe n'ozuzu afọ 50 tupu oge eruo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ mbara na Smithsonian Institution Shelter, nke e wuru n'oge ọ bụ onye nduzi na SAO, Lick Observatory, na Ugwu Wilson Observatory . Na Lick, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na WW Campbell . Iji lụso ndị nkatọ ọgụ, Abbot ga-eji balọn nwere pyrheliliometers arụnyere na ha maka nha. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ na America mere nke a, na balloons ruru ihe karịrị kilomita 25. Otu balloon weghachiri ihe eziokwu nke nyere Abbot aka ikpebi oge anwụ anwụ na ebe kachasị elu nke ikuku ụwa. Mgbe e mesịrị n'ọrụ nyocha ya, o lekwasịrị anya na ojiji ike anyanwụ . [4]

Dịka onye na-akpo ihe egwu, [4] o mepụtara ihe anyanwụ eji esi nri , nke e wuru na Ugwu Wilson Observatory, [6] nke na-eji ọkụ anyanwụ, [6] ma nwee ikike iri na ise ndị ọzọ metụtara ike anyanwụ . [1][7] Maka nyocha na onyinye ya na sayensị, e nyere Abbot ihe nrite Henry Draper n'afọ 1910 na ihe nrite Rumford n'afọ 1916. [4]

Abbot nọ na Nzukọ nke Anọ nke Mba Nile Maka Mmekọrịta na Nnyocha Anyanwụ na Mount Wilson Observatory, afọ 1910

Ịgụkwu ihe

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Akwụkwọ ndị a họpụtara site n'aka Charles Greeley Abbot
  • Nnwale nke "Aerodrome" nke Langley nke afọ 1914. Washington, DC: Ụlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian (1942).
  • Akụkọ Banyere Astrophysical Observatory nke Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution (1966).
  • Njem Nlegharị Anya n'Ụwa Sayensị . Washington, DC: Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Ọha (1958).
  • "Ntinye Aka nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian." Sayensị . 104.2693 (1946): 116–119.
  • Samuel Pierpont Langley. Washington, DC: Ụlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian (1934).
  • Ebe obibi maka ndị na-ekiri ihe na Mount Whitney. Washington, DC: Ụlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian (1910).
Ndekọ Akwụkwọ
  • Davis, Margaret. "Charles Greeley Abbot." Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mahadum George Washington . 2: 32:35.
  • DeVorkin, David H. ""Ịkwado Nrọ: Afọ Charles Greeley Abbot na Smithsonian." Akwụkwọ akụkọ maka Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Agụmakwụkwọ. 21.61 (1990): 121–136.
  • Hoyt, Douglas V. "Mmemme Nchekwa Anyanwụ nke Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory." Nyocha nke Geophysics na Space Physics . 17.3 (Mee 1979): 427–458
  • Oehser, Paul H. Ụmụ Sayensị: Akụkọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian na Ndị Ndú ya. New York: Henry Schuman (1949).
  • Ripley, Sidney Dillon . "Echiche Site na Castle: Amụma ihu igwe ezughị: ihe dị mkpa bụ usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ iji nyochaa mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi." Smithsonian . 1.2 (Mee 1970): 2.

Leekwa

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  • Ndepụta nke ndị dị afọ iri na otu (ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkà mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ)

Edesibịa

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Charles Greely Abbott, 1872-1973. Smithsonian History. Smithsonian Institution Archives (2011-04-14). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  2. ↑ (1998-07-01) Biographical Memoirs: Volume 73, National Academy of Sciences (in en), National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-06031-8. 
  3. ↑ Roberts, Walter Orr (May 1974). "Charles Greeley Abbot". Physics Today 27 (5): 65–67. DOI:10.1063/1.3128601. 
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Devorkin. Charles Greeley Abbot. Biographical Memoirs. The National Academies Press. Retrieved on 11 May 2026.
  5. ↑ DeVorkin (2000). Abbot, Charles Greeley. American National Biography. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302322. Retrieved on August 22, 2022. “Abbot, Charles Greeley (31 May 1872–17 December 1973), astronomer, was born in Wilton, New Hampshire, the son of Harris Abbot and Caroline Ann Greeley, farmers.”
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Menzel (1977). "Charles Greeley Abbot.". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 18: 136–139. Retrieved on 11 April 2012. 
  7. 1 2 Warner (1975). Biographical Memoirs: Charles Greeley Abbot. The American Philosophical Society Year Book 1975 111–116. The American Philosophical Society. Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  8. ↑ "Abbey, C.G.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 12. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  9. 1 2 Abbot Becomes Director of SAO. Institutional History Division. Smithsonian Institution Archives (March 1907). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  10. ↑ North Carolina Eclipse Expedition of 1900. Institutional History Division. Smithsonian Institution Archives (1900-05-28). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  11. ↑ SAO Mount Whitney Shelter Erected. Institutional History Division. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  12. ↑ Div. of Radiation and Organisms Established. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1953. Smithsonian Institution Archives (May 1929). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  13. 1 2 C. G. Abbot Named Assistant Secretary. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year. Smithsonian Institution Archives (1919). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  14. ↑ World Is Yours is Suspended. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1942. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  15. ↑ Charles G. Abbot Retires as Secretary. Annual Report for the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1945.. Government Printing Office (1946). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  16. ↑ APS Member History. search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved on 2023-11-06.
  17. ↑ Charles G. Abbot. www.nasonline.org. Retrieved on 2023-11-06.
  18. ↑ Charles Greeley Abbot (en). American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2023-02-09). Retrieved on 2023-11-06.
  19. ↑ Celebration of Abbot's 83rd Birthday. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1955. Smithsonian Institution (1955). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  20. ↑ Secretary Emeritus Abbot Dies. Torch. Smithsonian Institution Archives (1 January 1974). Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
  21. ↑ Charles Greeley Abbot Award. American Solar Energy Society. Archived from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved on 11 April 2012.
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