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Charles Marion Russell

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Charles Marion Russell

Charles Marion Russell (onwa Machị 19, afọ 1864 – onwa Ọktoba 24, afọ 1926), [1] a makwaara dịka CM Russell, Charlie Russell, na " Kid " Russell, bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ihe nke American Old West . O kere ihe karịrị puku abụọ eserese nke ndị cowboy, ndị America, na ala dị iche iche e tinyere na ọdịda anyanwụ United States na Alberta, Canada, na mgbakwunye na ihe oyiyi ọla nchara. A maara ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe cowboy" ma bụrụkwa onye na-akọ akụkọ na onye edemede. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-akwado ndị Obodo Amerịka noo n'ọdịda anyanwụ, na-akwado nkwa Chippewa na-enweghị ala ka e guzobe ha na Montana. N'afọ 1916, Ndị omeiwu mere iwu iji mepụta ebe a na-edebe ihe nke Rocky Boy .

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka CM Russell dị na Great Falls, Montana nwere ihe karịrị ihe osise Russell 2,000, ihe ndị mmadụ na-ahụ anya, na ihe ochie. A na-ahazi nchịkọta ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na Òtù Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Montana dị na Helena, Montana, Buffalo Bill Center nke West dị na Cody, Wyoming, Amon Carter Museum of American Art dị na Fort Worth, Texas, na Sid Richardson Museum dị na Fort Worth. Ihe osise ya nke afọ 1912 bụ Lewis and Clark Meeting Indians na Ross' Hole, nke dị n'ime ụlọ nke Montana Capitol dị na Helena, [2] na ihe osise Piegans ya nke afọ 1918 rere maka $5.6 nde na ahịa n'afọ 2005. [3] N'afọ 1955, e tinyere ya n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Ebe ngosi ihe nketa nke mba Cowboy na Western Heritage dị na Oklahoma City, Oklahoma . [4]

Oge nwata

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Nka bụ akụkụ nke ndụ Russell mgbe niile. Mgbe ọ na-etolitere na Missouri, ọ sere ihe osise ma na-eme ihe oyiyi anụmanụ dị ka ụrọ. Russell nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na "ọdịda anyanwụ ọhịa" ma na-etinye ọtụtụ awa na-agụ banyere ya. Russell na-ekiri ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-azụ ahịa ajị anụ bụ́ ndị na-abịakarị na Missouri. Ọ mụtara ịnya ịnyịnya na Hazel Dell Farm dị nso na Jerseyville, Illinois, n'elu ịnyịnya Agha Obodo a ma ama aha ya bụ Great Britain. Onye nkụzi Russell bụ Kọnịl William H. Fulkerson, onye lụrụ di na nwunye n'ezinụlọ Russell. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Russell hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ wee gaa Montana ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-azụ atụrụ. [5]

Montana na Ọdịda Anyanwụ

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Anwụrụ ọkụ nke .45, mmanụ dị na kanvas, afọ 1908

Russell hapụrụ ebe a na-azụ atụrụ wee chọta ọrụ na Jake Hoover, onye dinta na onye na-azụ anụ nke ghọburu onye na-azụ anụ. O nwere ala na Judith Basin nke Central Montana. Russell mụtara ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ụzọ ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ n'aka ya, ha abụọ ka bụkwa enyi ruo ogologo ndụ ha niile. [6] Mgbe Russell letara ezinụlọ ya na Missouri obere oge n'afọ 1882, ọ laghachiri Montana, wee biri ma rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-azụ ehi maka ọtụtụ uwe dị iche iche, ma dekọọ oge oyi siri ike nke 1886-1887 n'ọtụtụ agba mmiri. [6] Russell nọ na-arụ ọrụ na O-H Ranch dị na Judith Basin n'oge ahụ. Onye nlekọta ugbo natara akwụkwọ ozi n'aka onye nwe ya, na-ajụ ya otú ìgwè ehi ahụ si nagide oge oyi. N'ịzaghachi ya, onye nlekọta ahụ zigara mmiri mmiri dị ka kaadị nke Russell sere nke ụgbọ mmiri siri ike nke anụ ọhịa wolf na-ekiri n'okpuru mbara igwe oyi na-acha ntụ ntụ. Onye nwe ugbo ahụ gosiri ndị enyi na ndị ha na ha maara azụmaahịa kaadị ozi ahụ, ma mesịa gosipụta ya na windo ụlọ ahịa na Helena, Montana . Mgbe nke a gasịrị, onye omenkà ahụ malitere ịnata ọrụ maka ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ihe e dere na Russell n'elu eserese ahụ, nke a kpọrọ 'Na-eche Chinook', ghọrọ aha nke agba mmiri. Russell mechara see nkọwa zuru ezu nke ihe nkiri ahụ nke ghọrọ otu n'ime ọrụ ya kacha mara amara.

Malite n'afọ 1888, Russell biri ndụ na ndị Blood Indians ruo oge ụfọdụ, otu alaka nke mba Blackfeet . [7] Ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na o nwetara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma miri emi banyere omenala ndị obodo Amerịka n'oge a. [6] Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Judith Basin n'afọ 1889, ọ hụrụ na ọ na-ejupụta na ndị ọbịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ndị mepere emepe ruo afọ ole na ole tupu ya ebiri na mpaghara Great Falls, Montana, n'afọ 1892. N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji nweta ihe onwunwe dịka onye na-ese ihe oge niile. [6]

N'afọ 1896, Russell lụrụ nwunye ya bụ́ Nancy. Ọ dị afọ 32, nwunye ya dịkwa afọ 18. [6] N'afọ 1897, ha si n'obodo nta dị na Cascade, Montana kwaga n'obodo ukwu nke Great Falls. Russell nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu ná ndụ ya fọdụrụ ebe ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na nka ya, ghọọ onye a ma ama n'obodo ahụ ma nweta otuto site n'aka ndị nkatọ n'ụwa niile. Ebe ọ bụ na Russell enweghị nkà n'ịzụ ahịa ọrụ ya, a na-enye Nancy otuto maka ime ya onye omenkà a ma ama n'ụwa niile. O mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi maka Russell n'ofe United States na London, wee mepụta ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ Russell.

N'afọ 1912, o sonyeere onye na-ese ihe osise cowboy bụ Frank Tenney Johnson na njem eserese gaa Blackfoot Reservation n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ogige Mba Glacier di na Montana . [8]

Mgbe Ala ahụ Bụ nke Chineke, afọ 1914, onyonyo yiri ya nke e gosipụtara ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Sineti Montana

N'afọ 1913, Russell sere Wild Horse Hunters, nke na-egosi ndị na-agba ịnyịnya na-ejide ịnyịnya ọhịa, nke otu ìgwè ọ bụla nwere ịnyịnya ịnyịnya. O jiri agba dị iche iche dịka onye omenkà nwere ike iji mee ihe n'ugwu ya. Dịka onye na-ese ihe, Russell pụtara n'oge Wild West nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ebe ndị bi n'obodo ukwu nọ, a ka na-akwagharị ehi n'ebe dị anya. O sere foto nke Old West nke ndị Western mechara jiri, nke ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na ihe nkiri.

Russell nwere mmasị n'ụdị nka ndị ama ama ma meekwa ọtụtụ enyi n'etiti ndị na-anakọta ọrụ ya bara ọgaranya, gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka William S. Hart, Harry Carey, Will Rogers, na Douglas Fairbanks . Russell sokwa ndị omenkà ibe ya nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-akpakọrịta, gụnyere ndị na-ese ihe Edgar Samuel Paxson, onye na-ese ihe Edward "Ed" Borein, onye na-ese ihe osise na onye na-ese ihe Maynard Dixon na Will Crawford onye na-ese ihe osise. [9]

N'ụbọchị e liri Russell n'afọ 1926, ụmụaka nọ na Great Falls ka atọhapụrụ n' akwụkwọ ka ha wee nwee ike ikiri ngagharị olili ozu ahụ. E gosipụtara igbe ozu Russell n'ime ụgbọ ala nwere iko, nke ịnyịnya ojii anọ dọtara.

Russell mepụtara ihe dị ka ọrụ nka 4,000, gụnyere ihe osise mmanụ na mmiri, eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ e ji wax, ụrọ, plasta na ihe ndị ọzọ kpụọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị e ji ọla nchara kpụọ. [10]

Ihe osise nke Charles Marion Russell

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Ekele

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Ụlọ ọrụ osisi Russell dị na Great Falls, Montana. E chekwara ya ugbu a, ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke CM Russell Museum Complex

E bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ Trails Plowed Under [11] otu afọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

Ụkwụ Tenderfoot (1900)

N'afọ 1960, e wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke Charles M. Russell na Missoula, Montana . N'afọ 1965, e wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Osimiri Missouri na Great Falls, Montana ma kpọọ ya Charles M. Russell High School, iji sọpụrụ Russell. Abọm Ian Tyson nke afọ 1987, Cowboyography, gụnyere abụ akpọrọ "The Gift" nke na-akọ akụkọ Russell. Michael Nesmith, onye a ma ama na Monkees,dekọrọ egwu akpọrọ "Ọchị Kpoo Obi Mkpọmkpọ" nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ma kọwaa ihe dị n'ime ya, ihe osise Russell a ma ama nke nwere otu aha ahụ. Onye na-abụ abụ ọdịnala Blackfeet bụ Jack Gladstone dere abụ raara nye Russell nke akpọrọ "When the Land Belonged to God." Abụ ahụ na-akọwa ihe osise Russell nke nwere otu aha ahụ.

N'afọ 1985, A họpụtara Russell n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Na-ese Ihe na New York. [12] N'afọ 1991, A họpụtara Russell n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị A Ma Ama na St. Louis . [13]

Anụ maka ụmụ nwoke ọhịa, ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara, nke na-egosi ịchụ nta ehi

E gosipụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise Russell n'oge ihe ngosi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn ABC ama dika How the West Was Won, nke James Arness gosipụtara. James McDowell Sr. nke Tulsa, Oklahoma nyere mpịakọta iri abụọ na anọ nke ihe osise ya nye Nchịkọta Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Mahadum Oklahoma n'afọ 1997.

A họpụtara Russell na klas mbụ nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Ama Ama nke Mpụga n'afọ 2014. [14] A sọpụrụ ya na Ncheta nke Stockmen na Cochrane, Alberta, Canada. [15]

A buru ebe mgbaba anụ ọhịa nke mba Charles M. Russell aha maka Russell, aha ụgbọ mmiri nnwere onwe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, SS Charles M. Russell, ka e nyere aha ya ma wepụta ya n'afọ 1943 na Portland, Oregon.

Ụlọ Nkwari Akụ na Ụlọ Nkwari Akụ Bull Head, nke dị n'akụkụ Ụzọ Going-to-the-Sun na Ogige Mba Glacier, bụ ebe obibi Russell n'oge okpomọkụ, a dekwara ya na Ndekọ Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme .

Ọrịre ahịa

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Ịchụ nta Buffalo nke afọ 1899. Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Amon Carter, Fort Worth

E rere Russell's Piegans na 2005 maka nde dọla $5.6, nke karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ahịa kachasị elu nke ọrụ ya rere n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga. Na ahịa ọrịre ahịa n'afọ 2008, e rere ihe osise mmanụ Russell bụ The Hold Up (Maịlụ 20 ruo Deadwood) maka $5.2 nde mmadụ, a reekwa ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara ya bụ́ Buffalo Hunt (nke gosiri ndị Amerịka abụọ na-awakpo bison na-agba ọsọ) maka $4.1 nde. [16] Na Julaị afọ 2009, agba mmiri na gouache nke Russell afọ 1907 bụ The Truce ruru $2.03 nde nye onye na-enye ekwentị aha ya. Russell nke 1911 18 inches (460 mm) na 13 inches (330 mm) ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara, Bronc Twister, a ree ya n'ahịa n'afọ 2008 maka $805,000—karịa nke ukwuu karịa atụmatụ $300,000 tupu a ree ya.

N' onwa Julaị afọ 2011, ọnụ ahịa ọrụ Russell rịrị elu ọzọ. Ihe osise mmanụ ya nke afọ 1892 bụ Water for Camp (nke gosiri ụmụ nwanyị ndị Amerịka bi n'ime ite mmiri) na agba mmiri ya nke afọ 1924 bụ A Dangerous Sport (nke e ji nkume cowboys abụọ a na-akpọ lasso a mountain lion) rere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ $1.5. nde nke ọ bụla.

E rere ihe osise iri atọ nke Russell n'ọtụtụ nde dollar na Coeur d'Alene Art Auction (nke emere na Reno, Nevada ) n' onwa Julaị afọ 2014, nke mere ka e nwee ndekọ ọhụrụ maka ọtụtụ ihe osise. E rere ihe osise Russell's Trail of the Iron Horse (nke na-egosi otu ndị obodo Amerịka na-agba ịnyịnya na-eche echiche banyere ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè) maka $1.9 nde, ebe a na-ere ahịa Dakota Chief (nke gosiri otu nwa okorobịa onyeisi Lakota nọ n'elu ịnyịnya) maka $1.1 nde (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ahịa ikpeazụ o nyere). E rere ọbụna obere eserese pensụl maka $25,000. [17]

Ọrụ ndị a ma ama

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Buccaroos, 1902

Ọrụ Russell nwere ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche, gụnyere ihe ndị mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọrụ ya pụtara ìhè maka ugboro ole o ji gosi ihe omume ndị a ma ama site n'echiche nke ndị Obodo Amerịka kama echiche nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Obodo. A maara ya maka ileba anya nke ọma n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na izi ezi nke o ji gosipụta uwe na ngwa nke ma ndị ehi na ndị obodo.

Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ akatọla nkọwa Russell banyere ụmụ nwanyị. Ha na-ahụ ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmetụta uche n'ihe osise ya nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ndị obodo, ebe o yiri ka ọ na-ebufe mmekọahụ site na ndị ọcha gaa na ụmụ nwanyị ndị obodo, iji kwekọọ n'ụkpụrụ omume na echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ya. A na-egosi ọtụtụ ihe osise Russell nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha dị ka "ndị dị ọcha" na ndị na-abụghị ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ewezuga ihe osise ndị ahụ kpọmkwem na-egosi ndị akwụna. N'ụzọ dị iche, usoro ihe osise Keeoma ise ya na onyonyo ndị yiri ya na-egosi nwanyị obodo nwere mmetụta uche. E dekọrọ ha site na nkwupụta na Keeoma bụ ezigbo nwanyị Russell hụrụ n'anya. E nwere foto ndị gosiri na ihe nlereanya nke onyonyo ndị a bụ nwunye Russell, Nancy. [18]

Ndụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya

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Ndị Obodo Amerịka

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Ụmụ nwanyị

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Ndị ọzọ

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Ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Hụkwa

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  • Earl W. Bascom, onye na-ese ihe/onye na-akpụ ihe nke Charlie Russell nwere mmetụta na ndị mmekọ ya.
  • Charles Beil, onye na-akpụ ihe osise na onye na-akwado Russell
  • Harold Dow Bugbee, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ nke Russell metụtara
  • Dan Muller, onye omenkà cowboy nke CM Russell metụtara
  • JK Ralston, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ
  • Frederic Remington, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ

Edesibịa

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  1. ↑ (1987) in Opitz: Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of american Painters, Sculptors & Engravers. Poughkeepsie, NY: Apollo Book, 1047. ISBN 0-938290-04-5. 
  2. ↑ Montana Historical Society Museum Collections Online. Montana Historical Society Museum Collections Online. Retrieved on February 13, 2023.
  3. ↑ 2005 auction results. Coeur d'Alene Art Auction. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved on July 26, 2008.
  4. ↑ Hall of Great Westerners. National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Retrieved on November 22, 2019.
  5. ↑ Tribune Staff. 125 Montana Newsmakers: Charles Marion Russell. Great Falls Tribune. Archived from the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved on August 28, 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Paladin. Facts and Reflections About Charles M. Russell. Art Montana. Retrieved on November 6, 2011.
  7. ↑ Osmundson (2011-02-15). Osmundson, Linda L. How the West Was Drawn: Cowboy Charlie's Art. Pelican. ISBN 9781455615155. Retrieved on 2012-05-05. 
  8. ↑ Trouble on the Pony Express.
  9. ↑ Remembering Russell’s West: Friend Dixon. C. M. Russell Museum.
  10. ↑ Charles M. Russell – Whitney Western Art Museum – Buffalo Bill Center of the West.
  11. ↑ Trails Plowed Under. Gutenberg.net.au. Retrieved on 2012-03-06.
  12. ↑ Homepage. Archived from the original on 2020-04-16. Retrieved on 2020-05-07.
  13. ↑ St. Louis Walk of Fame. St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees. stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved on 25 April 2013.
  14. ↑ Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame inducts inaugural class (3 December 2014).
  15. ↑ Stockmen's Memorial Foundation Library and Archives - Subject Headings - R. Archived from the original on 2020-06-07. Retrieved on 2020-06-07.
  16. ↑ Griffith, Martin. "Bierstadt, Russell Paintings Fetch Millions at Reno Auction." Great Falls Tribune. July 26, 2011.
  17. ↑ Griffith. "Charles M. Russell's Artwork Sells for Millions at Reno Auction", The Washington Post, August 2, 2014. Retrieved on August 3, 2014.
  18. ↑ Susan Armitage (1987). The Women's West. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806120430. Retrieved on 2012-05-05. “keeoma story of.” 
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Home - Sid Richardson Museum - Fort Worth, Texas. Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved on 2016-06-30.
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