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Chott Melrhir

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[1] [2]

Chott Melrhir
Ebe a na-ele ya anya site na mbara igwe. Rịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ akpọnwụọla na foto a.
Chott Melrhir is located in Algeria
Chott Melrhir
Chott Melrhir
Njikọ 34°20′N 6°20′E/__ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ34.333°N 6.333°E
Ụdị ọdọ mmiri nnu Endorheic
Ebe a na-ejide mmiri
 68,750 km2 (26,540 sq mi)    
Mba ndị dị n'ime ala  Algeria
Ebe dị n'elu
 6,700 km2 (2,600 sq mi)    
Ala Mmiri Ramsar
Aha gọọmentị
 Chott Melghir
Ndị a họpụtara 4 June 2003
Ihe odide no.  1296

Chott Melrhir (Arabic: شط ملغيغ), also known as Chott Melghir or Chott Melhir and Lake Tritonis in ancient myths, is an endorheic chott-kind of salt lake in northeastern Algeria. It is the westernmost part of a series of depressions which extend from the Gulf of Gabès into the Sahara. It was formerly known as Lake Tritonis. [3] [4][5] They were created between Miocene and Early Pleistocene as a result of compression accompanying the formation of the Atlas Mountains. With the maximum area of about 6,700 km2 (2,600 sq mi), it is the largest lake in Algeria. It lies almost entirely below sea level and contains the lowest point in Algeria, −40 meters (−130 feet). Its size varies over the year and is usually larger than 130 km (81 mi) from east to west. The nearby cities are Biskra (60 km north-west), El Oued and Touggourt (85 km south).

Hydrology, geology na geography

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N'oge mmiri ozuzo n'oge oyi, ọdọ mmiri ahụ jupụtara n'ọtụtụ wadi (osimiri na-akpọnwụ mgbe ụfọdụ), ọtụtụ n'ime ha si n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime ha bụ Djedi na Arab[./Chott_Melrhir#cite_note-gov-2 [1]] na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ gaa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ gbadaa na Ndagwurugwu Ugwu Aurès . [6] Ndị ọzọ gụnyere Abiod, Beggour Mitta, Biskra, Bir Az Atrous, Cheria, Demmed, Dermoun, Derradj, Djedeida, Djemorah, Halail, Horchane, Ittel, Mechra, Melh, Mzi, Messad, Oum El Ksob, Soukies, Tadmit na Zeribet. N'oge okpomọkụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ọtụtụ n'ime osimiri ndị na-enye ya mmiri na-akpọnwụ, Chott Melrhir na-aghọ ebe a na-etinye nnu. Mmiri na-agbapụta kwa afọ dị n'agbata 9.6 na 20 km3, na mmiri na-agbapụ site na ala dị nso n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike iru 14 km3.   [7] Chott Melrhir kewara na Chott Meorouane dị nso, nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, site na ala kpọrọ nkụ nke nwere ike ịdị warara dị ka kilomita 4 n'ebe ụfọdụ. Ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere gypsum na apịtị ma kpuchie ya na nnu n'oge ọkọchị. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-esi ísì galik. Ọ bụ ezie na ala kpọrọ nkụ dị n'ime na gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ yiri ka ọ dị mma ịkọ ihe, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịmị mkpụrụ n'ihi nnukwu nnu. N'ihi otu ihe ahụ, ala ahụ na-amịkọrọ ọtụtụ mmiri ozuzo n'otu abalị nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị mmiri mmiri n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị.[8] [9]

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe

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Onye na-agba ọsọ na Houbara

Ihu igwe dị na Chott Melrhir dị ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ nke ukwuu, mmiri na-erukwa oke ikuku, mmiri na-ezokwa obere. Okpomọkụ kacha ala na nke kachasị elu bụ 11.4 na 34.2 °C, n'otu n'otu, okpomọkụ kacha nta dịkwa ihe dị ka 0 °C. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ dị n'okpuru 160 mm. Ifufe na-efe efe na-agba ọsọ n'etiti 2.7 na 5.3 m/s, a na-agakarịkwa ya na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ n'etiti June na Septemba, nakwa n'ebe ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ n'etiti oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi. Oké ifufe ájá na-efekarị n'oge oyi na ngwụcha oge okpomọkụ, ọ na-ewekwa ụbọchị 39 kwa afọ na nkezi..    

Flora na anụmanụ

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Mmiri na-adịghị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ahịhịa dị ụkọ nke nwere ụdị osisi 72 nke na-eme ka mmiri nnu mara, dị ka lavender (Limonium), rushes (Juncus), glasswort (Salicornia), Sarcocornia, bulrush (Scirpus) na seepweeds (Suaeda). Ụfọdụ ụdị dị iche iche maka Algeria na 14 bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, dị ka Fagonia microphylla, Oudneya Africa, Zygophyllum cornutum, Limoniastrum feii na Ammosperma cinerea. Ha toro ruo sentimita 30 n'ịdị elu ma na-anabata ụmụ nnụnụ bara ọgaranya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ọbọgwụ, sandgrouse, houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) na flamingo ka ukwuu (Phoenicopterus roseus). Mmiri ọdọ mmiri jupụtara na nnu na njupụta ruru 0.4 kg / L ma na-akwado naanị ụdị anụmanụ ole na ole, dị ka saline shrimp . [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] A hụrụ anụ ọhịa, nkịta ọhịa, nkụ ọhịa na nkịta ọhịa gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Na June 2003, a gụnyere Chott Melrhir na Ndepụta nke Ramsar wetlands nke mba ụwa dị mkpa.   


Edensibịa

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  1. ↑ (June 2008) "Detecting trends in annual discharge and precipitation in the Chott Melghir basin in Southeastern Algeria". Larhyss Journal 7: 103–119. ISSN 1112-3680. 
  2. ↑ Chott Melghir. Retrieved on 25 April 2018.
  3. ↑ В. М. Котляков Мельгир (Chott Melrhir)[permanent dead link], Словарь современных географических названий (Dictionary of modern geographical names), 2003–2006
  4. ↑ Badescu (2011-02-09). Macro-engineering Seawater in Unique Environments: Arid Lowlands and Water Bodies Rehabilitation (in en). Springer Science & Business Media, 505. ISBN 978-3-642-14779-1. 
  5. ↑ de) (2011-03-16). L'eau et ses enjeux au Sahara (in fr). KARTHALA Editions, 196. ISBN 978-2-8111-3362-7. 
  6. ↑ Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French), 107–127. 
  7. ↑ de), BENSAAD Ali (sous la direction (2011-03-16). L'eau et ses enjeux au Sahara (in fr). KARTHALA Editions, 196. ISBN 978-2-8111-3362-7. 
  8. ↑ CIA World Factbook 2010 ISBN 1-60239-727-9, p. 10
  9. ↑ Chott Melrhir, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line
  10. ↑ Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes (1992) A Directory of African Wetlands, IUCN, ISBN 2-88032-949-3 pp. 23–24
  11. ↑ Chott Melhrir Archived 2011-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French), 107–127. 
  13. ↑ Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172
  14. ↑ Algérie. États et Territoires (in French)
  15. ↑ The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis (1871) p. 377
  16. ↑ Andrew Goudie (2002) Great Warm Deserts of the World: Landscapes and Evolution, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-924515-0, p. 113
  17. ↑ Samraoui, Boudjéma (2006). "Large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca and Spinicaudata) from the salt lakes of Algeria". J. Limnol. 65 (2): 83–88. Retrieved on 2010-10-15. 

Njikọ mpụga

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