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Clara Eaton Cummings

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Clara Eaton Cummings (13 Julaị 1855 - 28 Disemba 1906) bụ onye American cryptogamic botanist na Hunnewell Prọfesọ nke Cryptogamic Botany na Wellesley College na Massachusetts.

Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

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A mụrụ Cummings na Plymouth, New Hampshire, na Julaị 13, 1855 nye Noa Conner na Elmira George Cummings..[1] N'afọ 1876, ọ debanyere aha na kọleji nka nka na-emesapụ aka nke ụmụ nwanyị Wellesley, naanị otu afọ ka emepechara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Ọrụ

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Cummings buru ụzọ mụọ ihe ọkụkụ cryptogamous (spore-reproducing) dị ka mosses na lichens. Ọ mara ọtụtụ narị ụdị lichen mana ọ "nwere oke nchekwa" n'ịkpọsa ụdị ọhụrụ.[2] Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya pụtara n'akwụkwọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, [2] ọ bụ ezie na o bipụtara katalọgụ nke liverworts na mosses nke North America na 1885. [3]

Ọ ghọrọ onye nlekọta na ebe ngosi ihe ọkụkụ na Wellesley site na 1878-79 ma were ya n'ọrụ na Wellesleys dị ka osote prọfesọ nke botany maka afọ akwụkwọ 1879. [1][4] N'afọ 1886 na 1887 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Dr. Arnold Dodel na Mahadum Zurich ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ onwe ya ma kwadebe chaatị maka ihe osise Cryptogamic Botany. Mgbe ọ nọ na Europe, ọ gara n'ogige ahịhịa dị iche iche iji mụọ ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta ahịhịhịa.[5] Mgbe o si Zurich lọta, Cummings ghọrọ osote prọfesọ nke cryptogamic botany na Wellesey.[1] N'agbata afọ 1892 na 1903 o bipụtara akwụkwọ atọ exsiccata a na-akpọ Decades of North American lichens na Thomas Albert Williams na Arthur Bliss Seymour dị ka ndị nchịkọta akụkọ.

Na 1904, o bipụtara katalọgụ nke ụdị 217 ụdị Alaska lichens anakọtara n'oge njem Harriman nke gụnyere ụdị 76 ọhụrụ na Alaska na opekata mpe ụdị abụọ ọhụrụ na sayensị..[6]

Na Febụwarị na Machị 1905, Cummings gara Jamaica ebe ọ chịkọtara lichens. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, e zigara nchịkọta ya na New York Botanical Garden . [7]

Cummings bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Plant World [8] ma kpọọ aha na 1899 onye otu American Association for the Advancement of Science . [9] Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Society of Plant Morphology and Physiology ma jee ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche na 1904. [10] Ọ bụ onye otu Mycological society, Torrey Botanical Club, Boston Mycological Club, na Boston Society of Natural History . [4]

Akụkụ nke akwụkwọ

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  • Ndepụta nke Musci na Hepaticae nke North America, North nke Mexico (1885) [10]
  • Lichens nke Alaska (1904) [11]

Ihe edeturu

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  1. 1 2 3 (1907-01-01) The Granite Monthly: A New Hampshire Magazine (in en). Granite Monthly Co.. The Granite Monthly: A New Hampshire Magazine. Granite Monthly Co. 1907-01-01.
  2. 1 2 Palmieri. In Adamless Eden: The Community of Women Faculty at Wellesley. 
  3. ↑ Cummings (1885). Catalogue of Musci and Hepaticae of North America, North of Mexico.. Howard and Stiles. 
  4. 1 2 Kiser (1999). "Clara Eaton Cummings", in Pamela Proffitt: Notable Women Scientists. Gale Group, 119–120. ISBN 978-0-7876-3900-6. 
  5. ↑ Wellesley news : Free Download & Streaming. Wellesley, Mass : Wellesley College. Retrieved on 2015-11-21. 
  6. ↑ Fink (3 May 1907). "A Memoir of Clara E. Cummings". The Bryologist 10 (3): 37–41. DOI:[37:amocec2.0.co;2 10.1639/0007-2745(1907)10[37:amocec]2.0.co;2]. 
  7. ↑ Riddle (1912-05-01). "An Enumeration of Lichens Collected by Clara Eaton Cummings in Jamaica: I". Mycologia 4 (3): 125–140. DOI:10.2307/3753489. 
  8. ↑ Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011). American Women of Science Since 1900. Abc-Clio. ISBN 9781598841589. 
  9. ↑ Historic Fellows. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  10. 1 2 Cummings, Clara Eaton (1855-1906).
  11. ↑ Cummings. The lichens of Alaska. Washington. 

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Works by Clara Eaton CummingsnaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze)
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