Comprachicos
Comprachicos bụ otu n'ime akụkọ ifo ndị Europe bụ ndị e kwuru na ha na-eme ka ahụ́ ha gwụ ma na-eme ka ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị arịrịọ ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ ịmata ihe dị ndụ. Ụzọ ndị a na-ekwukarị na a na-eji eme ihe n'omume a gụnyere ime ka ụmụaka ghara ito eto site na njide anụ ahụ, imechi ihu ha n'ihu iji mebie ha, ibeji anya ha, ịgbapụ nkwonkwo ha, na ime ka ọkpụkpụ ha na-emeziwanye ihe. Okwu a, a compound Spanish neologism nke pụtara "ndị na-azụ ụmụaka", bụ Victor Hugo chepụtara na The Man Who Laughs, akwụkwọ akụkọ 1869 nke kpalitere ụjọ omume maka ndị e chere na ha bụ "ụlọ ọrụ ngwọrọ" gafee Europe.[2] A na-ejikwa okwu comprapequeños, cheylas na zaghles mee ihe.[3] Ndị okenye dwarfed na ndị nwere nrụrụ pụta mere ka ndụ ha dị ka ugwu ugwu na ndị na-eme ihe ngosi freak ma ọ bụ ree ha n'agbụ dị ka ibe, jesters, ma ọ bụ dwarfs ụlọ ikpe.
Ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke comprachicos bụ ndị dwarfs aka mere, nke e mepụtara "site n'iji mmanụ nke ụmụ oke, moles na dormice" na iji ọgwụ dịka "dwarf elder, knotgrass[a], na mmiri Daisy". Shakespeare maara echiche ahụ, dịka Beatrice K. Otto si kwuo, na-ehota A Midsummer Night's Dream: [1]
Mee ka ị pụọ, obere;You minimus, nke na-egbochi ahịhịa;
Ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si emepụta nsonaazụ a ka a na-eche na ha ga-agụnye nkwụsịtụ anụ ahụ site na ịgbaji ma ọ bụ iwepụ ọkpụkpụ, na mgbochi siri ike, ebe a na-egbochi uto ruo ogologo oge iji mepụta nkwarụ na-adịgide adịgide. Because of the demand for dwarfs and other novelties in the courts of kings at this time, this could have been a profitable occupation.[citation needed]
Hugo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akwụkwọ akụkọ Victor Hugo bụ The Man Who Laughs bụ akụkọ banyere nwa okorobịa aristocrat nke ndị jidere ya tọọrọ ma mebie iji gosipụta ọchị ọjọọ na-adịgide adịgide. Na mmalite nke akwụkwọ ahụ, Hugo nyere nkọwa nke Comprachicos:
Ndị Comprachicos rụrụ ọrụ na mmadụ ka ndị China na-arụ ọrụ na osisi.[b] Ụdị ihe dị egwu hapụrụ aka ha; ọ bụ ihe ọchị na ihe ịtụnanya. Ha nwere ike imetụ obere ihe aka na nkà nke na nna ya apụghị ịmata ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-ahapụ ọkpụkpụ azụ kwụ ọtọ ma mezigharịa ihu. Ụmụaka a kara aka maka tumblers nwere nkwonkwo ha n'ụzọ magburu onwe ya; ya mere, e mere ndị na-eme egwuregwu mmega ahụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na ndị Comprachicos wepụrụ ihu ya n'aka nwatakịrị ahụ; ha wepụkwara ncheta ya. Ọ dịkarịa ala, ha wepụrụ ihe niile ha nwere ike ime ya; nwatakịrị ahụ amaghị banyere nkwarụ ahụ e merụrụ ya. Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ọ chetara banyere ọkụ sulphur na ọkpụkpụ ígwè. Ndị Comprachicos gbanyere obere onye ọrịa ahụ site na ntụ ntụ nke a na-eche na ọ bụ anwansi na nke na-egbochi ihe mgbu niile.[2]
Dị ka John Boynton Kaiser si kwuo, "Victor Hugo enyewo anyị foto mara mma nke ọtụtụ nkọwa nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na England nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa; mana a na-eji okwu Comprachicos akọwa ndị njirimara ha bụ nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe dị ukwuu nke bụbu ihe dị adị ma bụrụ nke na-abaghị uru na akụkọ ihe mere e ji mara. "[3]
Ihe odide nke oge a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]The term comprachico is very uncommonly used in modern English except in reference or allusion to the antiquated folklore,[citation needed] but similar stories do exist in the English-speaking world. For instance, a tale circulating since at least the 1980s tells of a Japanese bride who disappears during her honeymoon in Europe; years later her husband discovers she has been abducted, mutilated, and forced to work in a freak show.[4] The shock documentary Mondo Cane (1962) shows apparently actual criminals arrested for crippling children to be used as beggars. The novel Q & A (2005) and its film adaptation Slumdog Millionaire (2008) portrays a gang that blinds children to create beggars, something that is a known occurrence in some parts of India and China.[5][6]
A nabatara "Comprachico" dị ka okwu na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke mkparị nke a na-eji eme ihe maka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ndị na-achịkwa uche na àgwà ụmụaka n'ụzọ ga-agbagọ nkwenkwe ma ọ bụ echiche ụwa ha. Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ bụ Ayn Rand zoro aka na ndị nkụzi nke oge ahụ dị ka "Comprachicos nke uche" na edemede ya "The Comprachicos". A na-akatọ ya karịsịa maka ndị na-eme ka agụmakwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu, kamakwa ndị nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị bụ ndị, n'echiche ya, jiri usoro agụmakwụkwọ merụrụ ahụ.
James Ellroy na-ezo aka na ha na akwụkwọ akụkọ Victor Hugo na The Black Dahlia, ebe echiche ahụ bụ isi ihe na-akpali ogbugbu Elizabeth Short.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Imbunche
- Nkwarụ nke okpokoro isi
- Njikọ ụkwụ
- Castrato
- Kyphosis
- Anụ ọhịa nke Shah Dola
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Otto [2001-04-01] (2001). "Facets of the Fool", Fools are Everywhere: The Court Jester Around the World. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-64091-4. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ↑ Hugo [April 1869]. The Man Who Laughs. A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven & Ce. ISBN 978-2-07-041871-8.
- ↑ Kaiser (July 1913). "The Comprachicos". Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 4 (2): 247–264. DOI:10.2307/1133105.
- ↑ Mikkelson (12 November 2006). The Shanghai'd Bride. Snopes.com. Retrieved on 6 March 2007.
- ↑ Luo. "Criminal gangs 'crippling children and forcing them to work as beggars'", 19 March 2014. Retrieved on 6 May 2024.
- ↑ "Bihar Youth Blinded, Forced Into Begging Escapes Gang's Clutches", 5 November 2022. Retrieved on 6 May 2024.