Gaa na ọdịnaya

Coretta Scott King

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Coretta Scott King

 

Coretta Scott King (née Scott; April 27, 1927 - January 30, 2006) bụ onye edemede America, onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, na onye ndú na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ nwunye Martin Luther King Jr. site na 1953 ruo mgbe e gburu ya na 1968. Dị ka onye na-akwado ịha nhata ndị Africa na America, ọ bụ onye ndú maka Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'afọ ndị 1960. King bụkwa onye na-agụ egwu nke na-etinye egwú n'ime ọrụ ya gbasara ikike obodo. King zutere di ya mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Boston. Ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'America.

King rụrụ ọrụ pụtara ìhè n'ime afọ ndị na-esochi ogbugbu di ya na 1968, mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye ndu n'ọgụ maka ịha nhatanha n'onwe ya wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị. Eze tọrọ ntọala King Center, ma chọọ ime ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ezumike mba. O mechara nwee ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe Ronald Reagan bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu guzobe Martin Luther King Jr. Day na Nọvemba 2, 1983. O mechara gbasaa ọrụ ya iji tinye nkwado maka ikike LGBTQ na mmegide megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Eze ghọrọ enyi na ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tupu na mgbe Martin nwụsịrị, gụnyere John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, na Robert F. Kennedy. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ekwuola na mkparịta ụka ya na telifon ya na John F. Kennedy n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 1960 bụ ịhazi ndị ntuli aka Africa-America.[1]

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, King nwere ọrịa strok nke kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ n'akụkụ aka nri ya ma mee ka ọ ghara ikwu okwu; ọnwa ise ka e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ n'ihi nsogbu nke Ọrịa kansa ovarian. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 bịara ememe olili ozu ya, gụnyere ndị isi ala US George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush na Jimmy Carter. E liri ya nwa oge na ala nke King Center ruo mgbe e liri ya n'akụkụ di ya. A nabatara ya na Alabama Women's Hall of Fame, National Women's hall of Fame, ọ bụkwa onye Africa America mbụ dina na steeti na Georgia State Capitol . [1] A na-akpọ Eze "Nwanyị Mbụ nke Civil Rights Movement".[2]

Oge ọ bụ nwata na agụmakwụkwọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Coretta Scott na Heiberger, Alabama, nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ anọ nke Obadiah Scott (1899-1998) na Bernice McMurry Scott (1904-1996). A mụrụ ya n'ụlọ nne na nna ya, ya na nne nne ya Delia Scott, onye bụbu ohu, na-achịkwa dị ka onye na-amụ nwa. A maara nne Coretta maka nkà egwu ya na olu abụ. Dị ka nwatakịrị, Bernice gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Crossroads nke dị n'ógbè ahụ; agụmakwụkwọ ya kwụsịrị na klas nke anọ. Otú ọ dị, ụmụnne Bernice ndị okenye banyere na Tuskegee Institute, nke Booker T. Washington guzobere. Onye okenye Mrs. Scott rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ, dị ka onye na-akpọ piano na chọọchị, na maka di ya na azụmahịa ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Worthy Matron maka Prince Hall Order nke Eastern Star chapter, ọ bụkwa onye otu Literacy Federated Club. [3] [4][5]

Obie, nna Coretta, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ojii mbụ n'obodo ha nwere ụgbọala. Tupu ọ malite azụmahịa nke ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye uwe ojii. Ya na nwunye ya na-ere ahịa uwe n'ebe dị anya site n'ụlọ ha ma mesịa mepee ụlọ ahịa. O nwekwara ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta osisi, nke ndị agbata obi ọcha gbara ọkụ mgbe Scott jụrụ ire ụlọ ọrụ ya nye onye na-egbu osisi ọcha.[6] Nne nne ya bụ Mollie (née Smith; 1868 - d.) na Martin van Buren McMurry (1863-1950) - ha abụọ bụ ndị Afrịka-Amerịka na ndị Irish.[5] A mụrụ Mollie dị ka ohu nke ndị nwe ubi Jim Blackburn na Adeline (Blackburn) Smith. A mụrụ nna nna Coretta, Martin, n'aka ohu nke ndị nna Black Native American, na nna ya ukwu ọcha nke na-anabataghị Martin dị ka nwa ya nwoke. O mechara nwee ugbo dị 280 acres. N'ihi mmalite ya dị iche iche, Martin yiri ka ọ bụ onye ọcha. Otú ọ dị, o gosipụtara nlelị maka echiche nke ịgafe. Dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya nke nwere obere agụmakwụkwọ, a maara ya maka ịkpali mmasị Coretta maka agụmakwụkwọ. Nne na nna nna Coretta bụ Cora (née McLaughlin; 1876 - 1920) na Jefferson F. Scott (1873-1941). Cora nwụrụ tupu a mụọ Coretta. Jeff Scott bụ onye ọrụ ugbo na onye ama ama n'ime ime obodo ndị isi ojii; a mụrụ ya n'aka ndị bụbu ndị ohu Willis na Delia Scott.[5]

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, Coretta rụrụ ọrụ iji mụbaa ego ezinụlọ ahụ na-enweta. O nwere nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya aha ya bụ Edythe Scott Bagley (1924-2011), nwanne nwanyị tọrọ gị aha ya bụ Eunice onye na-adịbeghị anya n'oge ọ bụ nwata, na nwanne nwoke nke obere aha ya bụ Obadiah Leonard (1930-2012). [7] Ezinụlọ Scott nwere ugbo kemgbe Agha Obodo America, mana ha abaghị ọgaranya.[8] N'oge Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba, ụmụ Scott na-ahọrọ ogho iji nyere aka nweta ego ma soro nne na nna ha nwee ụlọ ihi ụra. [7]

Coretta kọwara onwe ya dị ka nwa okorobịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, karịsịa n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịrịgo osisi ma chetara ụmụ nwoke na-agba mgba. O kwukwara na ya siri ike karịa nwa nwanne nne nwoke ma na-eyi egwu tupu ya ejiri anyụike gbuo otu nwa nwanne nne ahụ na mberede. Nne ya yiri ya egwu, yana okwu ụmụnne ya, kpaliri ya ịghọ nwanyị ozugbo o toro. Ọ hụrụ ihe na-emegide onwe ya n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'agbanyeghị ihe omume anụ ahụ ndị a, ọ ka na-etinye aka na mmegharị na-enweghị ime ihe ike.[9] Nwanne ya nwoke Obadiah chere na ọ "na-anwa mgbe niile ime nke ọma n'ihe niile o mere. " Nwanne ya nwanyị Edythe kwenyere na àgwà ya dị ka nke nne nne ha Cora McLaughlin Scott, onye a gụrụ ya aha. [10] Ọ bụ ezie na ha enweghị agụmakwụkwọ n'onwe ha, ndị mụrụ Coretta Scott bu n'obi ka ụmụ ha niile gụọ akwụkwọ. Coretta hotara nne ya ka o kwuru, "Ụmụ m na-aga kọleji, ọbụlagodi na ọ pụtara na enwere m naanị otu uwe ị ga-eyi. "[11]

Ụmụ Scott ahụ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ dị kilomita 5 site n'ụlọ ha wee jiri bọs ga-aga Lincoln Normal School, nke n'agbanyeghị na ha dị 9 mi (14 km) site n'ụlọ ha, bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ojii kacha nso na Marion, Alabama, n'ihi nkewa agbụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nne Coretta Bernice na-anya ụgbọ ala ahụ, onye na-anya ndị isi ojii niile nọ n'afọ iri na ụma.[1] Ka ọ na-erule oge Scott banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Lincoln kwụsịtụrụ nkuzi ma na-ana naanị dollar anọ na cents iri ise kwa afọ.[2] N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga ebe ahụ, Scott ghọrọ onye na-eduga soprano maka ndị otu egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ. Scott duziri otu ukwe na ụlọ ụka ya dị na North Perry Country.[3] Coretta Scott gụsịrị valedictorian na Lincoln Normal School na 1945, ebe ọ na-akpọ opi na piano, bụrụ abụ na ukwe, ma sonye na egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ wee debanye aha na Antioch College na Yellow Springs, Ohio n'oge agadi ya na Lincoln. Mgbe a nabatachara ya na Antiọk, ọ tinyere akwụkwọ maka ego maka enyemaka ego.[4] N'ime afọ abụọ ikpeazụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Coretta na ndị mụrụ ya biri.[5] Nwanne ya nwanyị nke tọrọ Edythe agaala Antiọk dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme Antiọk maka mmụta mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, bụ nke were ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abụghị ndị ọcha wee nye ha ohere agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke na mbọ iji megharịa ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ ọcha n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Coretta kwuru maka kọleji mbụ ya:   Coretta mụrụ egwu na Walter Anderson, onye isi oche mbụ na-abụghị onye ọcha nke kọmitii agụmakwụkwọ na kọleji ọcha akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ malitekwara itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'ihi ahụmahụ ya na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ikike obodo na-eto eto; ọ sonyeere isi nke Antiọk nke National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) na Kọmitii Mmekọrịta agbụrụ na nnwere onwe obodo. Kọmiti ahụ jụrụ arịrịọ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ afọ nke abụọ nke nkuzi achọrọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Yellow Springs, na maka asambodo nkuzi ya, Coretta Scott rịọrọ ndị nchịkwa kọleji Antioch, nke na-achọghị ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara, wee were ya n'ọrụ maka afọ nke abụọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha kọleji. Na mgbakwunye, n'oge a, Coretta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nanny maka ezinụlọ Lithgow, na-elekọta onye omere ama ama John Lithgow.[1]

Coretta Scott King na di ya Martin Luther King na 1964

Coretta si Antiọk pụọ mgbe ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ na New England Conservatory of Music na Boston. Ọ bụ mgbe ọ na-amụ olu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na Marie Sundelius ka ọ zutere Martin Luther King Jr. [12] mgbe enyi ha Mary Powell nyere King nọmba ekwentị ya mgbe ọ jụrụ maka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na kọleji. Coretta bụ naanị onye fọdụrụ mgbe Powell kpọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ na King gosipụtara na onye nke ọzọ enweghị mmasị na ya. Scott gosipụtara mmasị dị nta na izute ya na mbụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe Powell gwara ya na o nwere ọdịnihu dị mma, mana o mechara kweta na nzukọ ahụ. Eze kpọrọ ya na ekwentị ma mgbe ha abụọ zutere n'onwe ha, Scott tụrụ ya n'anya otú o si dị mkpụmkpụ. Eze ga-agwa ya na o nwere àgwà niile ọ na-achọ n'aka nwunye, nke Scott chụpụrụ ebe ọ bụ na ha abụọ ka zutere. Ọ gwara ya "Ahụghị m etu ị ga-esi kwuo nke ahụ. Ị maghị m. " Mana e mesiri Eze obi ike ma gwa ya ka ọ hụ ya ọzọ. Ọ nabatara oku ya maka oriri na ngwụsị izu.

Ọ gara n'ihu na-ahụ ya mgbe niile n'ọnwa ndị mbụ nke afọ 1952. Izu abụọ mgbe ọ zutere Scott, King degaara nne ya akwụkwọ na ya zutere nwunye ya. Ụbọchị ha na-abụkarị mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agbụrụ, na n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ ahụ, Coretta zutere nne na nna King Martin Luther King Sr. na Alberta Williams King. Tupu ya ezute Martin, Coretta anọwo na mmekọrịta oge ya niile n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mana ọ nweghị nke ọ bụla ọ na-eche banyere ịzụlite. Ozugbo ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Edythe zutere ihu na ihu, Coretta kọwapụtara mmetụta ya maka nwa okorobịa na-achọ ịbụ onye ozi ma kwurịta mmekọrịta ahụ. Edythe nwere ike ịgwa nwanne ya nwanyị nwere mmetụta ziri ezi n'ebe ọ nọ, ọ masịkwara ya n'omume ya n'ozuzu ya.

N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-echepụta ọrụ maka onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu, Coretta maara na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na ọ lụọ King. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na King nwere ọtụtụ àgwà ndị ọ masịrị n'ime nwoke, ọ hụrụ onwe ya "na-etinye aka na oge ọ bụla na-agafe agafe." Mgbe nwanne ya nwanyị jụrụ ya ihe mere King ji "na-adọrọ mmasị" ya, ọ zaghachiri, "Echere m na ọ bụ n'ihi na Martin na-echetara m ọtụtụ ihe banyere nna anyị. "N'oge ahụ, nwanne nwanyị Scott maara King bụ "otu".

Nne na nna King gara leta ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma nwee obi abụọ banyere Coretta Scott mgbe ha hụrụ otú ụlọ ya dị ọcha. Mgbe ndị eze na nwa ha nwoke na Scott na-eri tii na nri, Martin Sr. tụgharịrị uche ya n'ebe ọ nọ ma kwuo na atụmatụ ya maka ọrụ na egwu adabaghị maka nwunye onye ozi Baptist. Mgbe Coretta azaghachighị ajụjụ ya banyere ịhụnanya ha siri ike, Martin Sr. jụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ were nwa ya nwoke "n'ụzọ siri ike". Nna King gwakwara ya na e nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nwa ya nwoke nwere mmasị na ya ma nwee "ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-enye". Mgbe ọ gwachara ya na o nwere "ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-enye", Martin Luther King Sr. na nwunye ya gara n'ihu na-anwa izute ndị ezinụlọ Coretta. Ozugbo ha abụọ nwetara nọmba Edythe site na Coretta, ha nọdụrụ ala na ya wee rie nri ehihie. N'oge ha nọkọtara ọnụ, Martin Luther King Sr. gbalịrị ịjụ Edythe banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwanne ya nwanyị na nwa ya nwoke. Edythe siri ọnwụ na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ nhọrọ magburu onwe ya maka Martin Luther King Jr., mana o chekwara na ọ dịghị mkpa ka Coretta kwurịta maka di.

N'ụbọchị Valentine 1953, di na nwunye ahụ kwupụtara atụmatụ ha ịlụ na Atlanta Daily World. N'agbamakwụkwọ ahụ akwadoro maka June, naanị ọnwa anọ ka ọ gafechara, Coretta ka ekpebibeghị ịlụ Eze wee nye nwanne ya nwanyị akwụkwọ ozi o zigara obere oge tupu ezumike Ista.[1] Nna Eze gosipụtara iwe ya na nhọrọ ya nke Coretta maka ụmụ amaala Alabama wee bo nwa ya nwoke ebubo na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-eleghara ọmụmụ ihe ya anya.[2] Martin kpọọrọ nne ya banye n'ọnụ ụlọ ọzọ wee gwa ya atụmatụ ya ịlụ Coretta, ma gwa ya otu ihe ahụ mgbe ọ kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ma emesịa, na-abara ya mba maka imere nna ya ihe ọma.[3] Mgbe Martin kwupụtara ebumnobi ya inweta doctorate na ịlụ Coretta emesịa, Martin Sr. mechara nye ngọzi ya.[2] Na 1964, a Time profaịlụ Martin, mgbe a kpọrọ ya Time's "Man of the Year", zoro aka na ya dị ka "a nkà na-eto eto soprano". [4] Ọ bụ onye otu Alfa Kappa Alfa. [5]

Coretta Scott na Martin Luther King Jr. lụrụ na June 18, 1953, na ahịhịa nke ụlọ nne ya; Martin Sr. mere emume ahụ iji kwe ka di ya gaa emume ahụ, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na olu na piano na New England Conservatory, ya na di ya kwagara Montgomery, Alabama, na September 1954. Oriakụ King chetara, sị: "Mgbe anyị lụchara, anyị kwagara Montgomery, Alabama, ebe di m nakweere oku ka ọ bụrụ pastọ nke Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. N'oge na-adịghị anya, anyị chọtara onwe anyị n'etiti Montgomery, na Martin bus na-aga n'ihu na-eme mkpesa. Enwere m mmetụta nke ukwuu na m bụ akụkụ nke ihe ka onwe m, ihe dị mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme.[1]

Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Eze na di ya na nwa ya nwanyị Yolanda na 1956

Na Septemba 1, 1954, Martin ghọrọ pastọ oge niile nke Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Nraranye nke Eze n'ihe kpatara ya mgbe ọ na-ahapụ ọchịchọ egwu nke ya ga-aghọ ihe nnọchianya nke omume Ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America n'oge mmegharị ahụ. Di na nwunye ahụ kwagara n'ụlọ ụka na South Jackson Street n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị. Coretta ghọrọ onye otu ukwe ma kụzie ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde, yana isonye na Baptist Training Union na Missionary Society. Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya na First Baptist Church na Machị 6, 1955, ebe dị ka E. P. Wallace si kwuo, ọ "kpaliri ndị na-ege ya ntị".   The Kings' first child was born on November 17, 1955, and was named Yolanda at Coretta's insistence. After Martin Luther King became involved in the Montgomery bus boycott, Mrs. King often received threats directed towards him. In January 1956, she answered numerous phone calls threatening her husband's life, as rumors intended to make African Americans dissatisfied with Martin Luther King spread that he had purchased a Buick station wagon for her. Martin would give her  the nickname "Yoki", and thereby, allow himself to refer to her out of her name. By the end of the boycott, the Kings had come to believe in nonviolent protests as a way of expression consistent with biblical teachings. Two days after the integration of Montgomery's bus service, on December 23, a gunshot rang through the front door of the King home while the King family were asleep. The three were not harmed. On Christmas Eve of 1955, King took her daughter to her parents' house and met with her siblings as well. Yolanda was their first grandchild. Martin joined them the next day, at dinner time.

Na Febụwarị 21, 1956, Martin Luther King kwuru na ọ ga-alaghachi Montgomery mgbe ọ kpọchara Coretta na nwa ha nwanyị site na Atlanta, ndị ya na ndị mụrụ ya bi. N'oge Martin Sr. na-emegide nhọrọ nwa ya nwoke ịlaghachi Montgomery, Oriakụ King buuru nwa ya nwanyị gaa n'elu, nke ọ ga-egosipụta nkụda mmụọ mgbe e mesịrị ma gwa ya na ọ "gbapụla ya". Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Coretta na Martin Luther King jiri ụgbọala laghachi Montgomery. Coretta keere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwado iwu ikike obodo. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1958, King pụtara nke mbụ ya n'egwuregwu n'afọ ahụ na Peter High School Auditorium na Birmingham, Alabama. Site na arụmọrụ nke Omicron Lambda chapter nke Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity kwadoro, King gbanwere egwu ole na ole n'akụkụ mbụ nke ihe ngosi ahụ mana ọ ka na-aga n'ihu na usoro isi eji eme ihe afọ abụọ gara aga na New York gala ka ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere boycott bọs Montgomery. Egwuregwu ahụ dị mkpa maka Coretta dị ka ụzọ isi gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ọkachamara ya ma sonye na mmegharị ahụ. Egwuregwu ahụ nyere ndị na-ege ntị "njikọ mmetụta uche na ozi nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na nke ime mmụọ".

Na Septemba 3, 1958, King sonyeere di ya na Ralph Abernathy n'ụlọ ikpe. E jidere Martin n'èzí ụlọ ikpe maka "ịgbagharị" na "ịghara irube isi n'onye uwe ojii". Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị, King gara leta ndị nne na nna Martin na Atlanta. N'oge ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na a mara ya mma mgbe ọ na-etinye aka n'akwụkwọ ya Stride Toward Freedom na Septemba 20, 1958. Eze gbara ọsọ ịhụ di ya, ma soro ya nọrọ n'oge fọdụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na-agbake. Na Febụwarị 3, 1959, Maazị na Oriakụ King na Lawrence D. Reddick malitere njem izu ise nke India. A kpọrọ mmadụ atọ ahụ ka ha bịa ọtụtụ narị nnọkọ.[13] N'oge njem ha, Coretta jiri ikike ịbụ abụ ya mee ka ìgwè mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ n'oge ha nọrọ otu ọnwa. Ha abụọ laghachiri na United States na Machị 10, 1959.

Bọmbụ a tụrụ n'ụlọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Jenụwarị 30, 1956, Coretta na onye otu ọgbakọ Dexter Roscoe Williams bụ nwunye Mary Lucy nụrụ "ụda brik na-akụ n'ala simenti nke veranda ihu". Coretta tụrụ aro ka ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ si n'ọnụ ụlọ ihu pụta wee banye n'ime ụlọ ndị ọbịa, ebe mgbawa nke mere ka ụlọ ahụ daa nkume ma jupụta ọnụ ụlọ ihu na anwụrụ ọkụ na ugegbe gbajiri agbaji. Ha abụọ gara n'azụ ụlọ ahụ, ebe Yolanda nọ na-ehi ụra ma Coretta kpọrọ Chọọchị Baptist Mbụ wee kọọrọ nwanyị ahụ zara ekwentị ahụ bọmbụ ahụ. Martin laghachiri n'ụlọ ha, mgbe ọ hụrụ Coretta na nwa ya nwanyị na-emerụghị ahụ, ọ pụtara n'èzí. Ìgwè ndị na-akwado ya na-ewe iwe, bụ ndị wetara égbè, zutere ya. O nwere ike iji okwu mberede tụgharịa ha.

Otu onye akaebe kwuru na otu onye ọcha gbagoro n'ọnụ ụzọ Eze wee tụba ihe n'ọnụ ụzọ tupu ọ banye n'ụgbọala ya wee pụọ. Ernest Walters, bụ naanị onye akaebe, enweghị ike ịnweta akara akara n'ihi ọsọ nke ihe ahụ mere.[1] Nna di na nwunye ahụ kpọtụụrụ ha gbasara ogbunigwe ahụ. Ha abụọ rutere n'otu oge, ya na nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Martin Luther King. Nna Coretta, Obie, kwuru na ya ga-akpọghachi ya na nwa ya nwanyị na Marion ma ọ bụrụ na ọgọ ya nwoke akpọghị ha Atlanta. Coretta gọnarịrị ebubo ahụ wee kwusie ike na ya na di ya nọrọ.[2] N'agbanyeghị Martin Sr. rịọrọ ya ugboro ugboro ka ya na nna ya pụọ, King gara n'ihu soro ya pụọ. Onye edemede Octavia B. Vivian dere, sị, "N'abalị ahụ, Coretta tụfuru egwu ọnwụ. Ọ tụbara onwe ya n'ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, dị ka Martin mere ụbọchị anọ tupu mgbe ahụ mgbe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka oge mbụ na ndụ ya." Coretta ga-emecha kpọọ ya oge mbụ ọ ghọtara " ole m chọrọ Martin n'ihe gbasara ịkwado ya n'ihe ọ na-eme."[3]

John F. Kennedy oku ekwentị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

E jidere Martin Luther King Jr na October 19, 1960, n'ụlọ ahịa. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, a laghachiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na October 22 maka ịkwọ ụgbọala na ikike Alabama mgbe ọ bụ onye Georgia ma mara ya ikpe ọnwa anọ nke ịrụsi ọrụ ike. Mgbe e jidere ya, Oriakụ King kwenyere na ọ gaghị eme ka ọ dị ndụ wee kpọọ enyi ya Harris Wofford, na-eti mkpu, "Ha ga-egbu ya. Amaara m na ha ga-egbu ya." Mgbe ya na ya kwusịrị okwu, Wofford kpọtụụrụ Sargent Shriver na Chicago, ebe onye isi oche John F. Kennedy na-eme mkpọsa n'oge ahụ, ma gwa Shriver nke egwu Eze na-atụ di ya. Mgbe Shriver chere naanị ya na Kennedy nwa oge, ọ tụrụ aro ka ọ kpọọ Eze ma gosipụta ọmịiko ya.[1] Kennedy kpọrọ Eze, o kwetakwara.[2]

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Robert F. Kennedy nwetara ntọhapụ nke King n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Martin Sr. nwere ekele maka ntọhapụ ahụ nke na ọ họọrọ Kennedy wee sị: "M ga-ewere onye Katọlik ma ọ bụ ekwensu n'onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ehichapụ anya mmiri n'anya nwa nwanyị m. " Dị ka Coretta si kwuo, Kennedy kwuru "Achọrọ m ikwupụta nchegbu m banyere di gị. Amaara m na nke a ga-esiri gị ike. Ọ ghọtara na ị na-atụ anya nwa, ọ chọrọ ka ị mara na m na m na-eche na m na ọ dị mma ị na-eche banyere gị na ị na ị na ọ bụ Dr. King. "

Onye isi ala Kennedy

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Maazị na Oriakụ King bịara kwanyere Onye isi ala Kennedy ùgwù ma ghọta na ọ chọghị mgbe ụfọdụ itinye aka n'ihu ọha na ikike obodo. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1962, Coretta jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya Women Strike for Peace Conference na Geneva, Switzerland. Martin kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ na Machị 28, 1963, ebe King mụrụ nwa ha nke anọ Bernice. Mgbe King na nwa ya nwanyị ga-alaghachi n'ụlọ, Martin gbara ọsọ laghachi iji chụpụ ha n'onwe ya. Mgbe e jidere Martin Luther King na Eprel 12, 1963, King gbalịrị ịkpọtụrụ Onye isi ala Kennedy na ndụmọdụ Wyatt Tee Walker ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwa Robert F. Kennedy okwu. Onye isi ala Kennedy na nna ya Joseph P. Kennedy Sr, onye na-adịghị enwe mmetụta dị mma. N'ihe a chọpụtara na ọ na-eme ka Kennedy yie onye na-enweghị ọmịiko n'ebe ndị eze nọ, onye isi ala tụgharịrị oku Mrs. King na White House switchboard.

N’echi ya, Onye isi ala Kennedy gwara Eze na ezigara ndị FBI na Birmingham n’abalị gara aga wee gosi na di ya dị mma. E kwere ka ọ gwa ya na telifon ma gwa ya ka ọ gwa Walker gbasara itinye aka Kennedy.[1] Ọ gwara di ya gbasara enyemaka ya sitere na Kennedys, nke di ya weere na ọ bụ ihe kpatara "mmetụta nkwanye ùgwù mberede onye ọ bụla". Banyere March na Washington, Coretta kwuru, "Ọ dị m ka eluigwe abịala".[2] Coretta na ụmụ ha anọwo n'ụlọ ụbọchị niile, n'ihi na ọmụmụ nwa ha nwanyị Bernice gbochiri ya ịga ụka na Sọnde Sọnde.[3][4] Ebe Oriakụ King wepụtara nkwupụta nke ya gbasara enyemaka onye isi ala karịa ịgbaso ndụmọdụ di ya na ịkọrọ ya Wyatt Walker, nke a, dị ka onye edemede Taylor Branch si kwuo, dugara ndị nta akụkọ na-akọwa ya dị ka "Nne ọhụrụ na-echegbu onwe ya nke nwere ike ịgbagha echiche White House ya na eziokwu"[5].

Coretta gara nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị maka udo na New York, n'oge mmalite nke Nọvemba 1963. Mgbe o kwusịrị okwu na nzukọ e nwere na National Baptist Church, King sonyeere njem ahụ site na Central Park gaa n'Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations. E mere njem ahụ iji mee emume ncheta nke abụọ nke otu ahụ ma mee emume mmezu nke nkwekọrịta mmachi nke Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Coretta na Martin nụrụ banyere Ogbugbu John F. Kennedy mgbe akụkọ mbụ gosiri na ọ bụ naanị mmerụ ahụ siri ike ka e merụrụ ya ahụ. Coretta sonyeere di ya n'elu ụlọ wee kirie Walter Cronkite ka ọ na-ekwupụta ọnwụ onye isi ala. Eze nọdụrụ na di ya na-ama jijiji mgbe nkwenye ahụ gasịrị.

Ihe nkiri FBI

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Ndị FBI mere atụmatụ izipu ozi nke ihe di ya na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'ọfịs Southern Christian Leadership Conference ebe ọ bụ na nyocha kpughere na Coretta meghere ozi di ya mgbe ọ na-eme njem. FBI chọpụtara na Martin Luther King ga-anọghị n'ọfịs n'oge e zigara teepu ahụ nakwa na nwunye ya ga-emeghe ya. J. Edgar Hoover dụrụ ọbụna ọdụ ka o zipụ ozi "ọ si na steeti ndịda." Coretta na-ahazi teepu na ozi ndị ọzọ, gee ha ntị, wee kpọọ di ya ozugbo, "na-enye Bureau nnukwu obi ụtọ na ụda na ụda nke mmeghachi omume ya. " Martin Luther King kpara teepu ahụ n'ihu ya, ya, tinyere Andrew Young, Ralph Abernathy na Joseph Lowery. N'ihu ọha, Oriakụ King ga-ekwu "Enweghị m ike ime ọtụtụ ihe site na ya, ọ bụ naanị ọtụtụ mumbo-jumbo. " Teepụ ndị ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị ka ukwuu nke J. Edgar Hoover iji katọọ Eze site na mkpughe banyere ndụ onwe ya. [14]

Karịsịa, ma eleghị anya, ọ rụsiri ọrụ ike iji mee ka Iwu Ikike Obodo nke 1964. King gwara Malcolm X okwu ụbọchị ole na ole tupu e gbuo ya. Malcolm gwara ya na ọ nọghị na Alabama iji mee ka di ya nwee nsogbu, kama iji mee ka ndị ọcha nwee ekele maka ngagharị iwe Eze, na-ahụ nhọrọ ya.[15] Na Machị 26, 1965, nna King sonyeere ya na di ya maka njem nke ga-emesị kwụsị na Montgomery. Nna ya "chọtara ezigbo ikike America" ma kpọọ ya "ụbọchị kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America" mgbe ọ hụchara ka ndị Caucasian na ndị Africa America na-abụ abụ maka di nwa ya nwanyị.

Coretta Scott King katọrọ ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị nke Civil Rights Movement na Jenụwarị 1966 na magazin New Lady, na-ekwu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, "E lekwasịbeghị anya zuru oke na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ọgụ ahụ. N'ozuzu, ụmụ nwoke emeela ka ndị ndu na ọgụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ mana ... ụmụ nwanyị abụwo ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ọrụ ikike obodo niile. " [16] Martin Luther King Jr. n'onwe ya gbochiri ọrụ Coretta na mmegharị ahụ, na-atụkwa anya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ. Eze sonyere na ngagharị iwe Women Strike for Peace na Jenụwarị 1968, n'isi obodo Washington, D.C., ya na ihe karịrị puku ụmụ nwanyị ise. Iji sọpụrụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na House of Representatives, a kpọrọ otu ahụ Jeannette Rankin Brigade. Coretta so Pearl Willen na Mary Clarke bụrụ ndị isi oche nke nzukọ Congress of Women.  

Ogbugbu di ya

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Eze na-akasi nwa ya nwanyị Bernice obi na olili ozu di ya, na foto mmeri Pulitzer nke Moneta Sleet Jr.

  A gbagburu Martin Luther King Jr. na Memphis, Tennessee na Eprel 4, 1968. Ọ matara banyere ịgba égbè ahụ mgbe Jesse Jackson kpọrọ ya mgbe ya na nwa ya nke okenye Yolanda si n'azụ ahịa lọta.[17] Eze nwere ihe isi ike idozi ụmụ ya na akụkọ na nna ha anwụọla. Ọ natara ọtụtụ telegrams, gụnyere otu site n'aka Marguerite Oswald, nne Lee Harvey Oswald, nke o weere dị ka nke kacha metụ ya n'ahụ.

N'ime mgbalị ịkwadebe nwa ya nwanyị Bernice, mgbe ahụ ọ dị naanị afọ ise, maka olili ozu, ọ gbalịrị ịkọwara ya na oge ọzọ ọ hụrụ nna ya ọ ga-anọ n'ime igbe ozu ma ọ gaghị ekwu okwu.[18] Mgbe nwa ya nwoke Dexter jụrụ ya mgbe nna ya ga-alọghachi, King ghaara ya ụgha ma gwa ya na ọ merụrụ nna ya ahụ nke ukwuu. Senator Robert F. Kennedy nyere iwu ka etinye ekwentị atọ ọzọ n'ụlọ Eze maka Eze na ezinụlọ ya ka ha nwee ike ịza ọtụtụ oku ha natara ma nye ụgbọelu iji buru ya gaa Memphis. Coretta gwara Kennedy okwu n'ụbọchị mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị ma jụọ ma ọ nwere ike ime ka Jacqueline Kennedy soro ya gaa olili ozu di ya.

Robert F. Kennedy kwere ya nkwa na ọ ga-enyere aka "n'ụzọ ọ bụla" o nwere ike. A gwara King ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu ma kweta na onyinye Kennedy site n'aka ndị otu Southern Christian Leadership Conference, bụ ndị gwara ya banyere ọchịchọ ya ịbụ onye isi ala. Ọ leghaara ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ anya ma soro arịrịọ ya. N'April 5, 1968, King rutere Memphis iji weghachite ozu di ya wee kpebie na a ga-emeghe igbe ahụ n'oge olili ozu na-enwe olileanya na ụmụ ya ga-amata mgbe ha hụrụ ozu ya na ọ gaghị abịa n'ụlọ. King kpọrọ onye na-ese foto Bob Fitch ma rịọ ka e mee akwụkwọ, ebe ọ maara ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. N'April 7, 1968, onye bụbu osote onye isi ala Richard Nixon gara King ma cheta nzukọ mbụ ya na di ya na 1955. Nixon gakwara ememe olili ozu Martin Luther King Jr. n'April 9, 1968, mana ọ naghị aga ije n'ememe ahụ. Nixon kwenyere na isonye na ngagharị ahụ ga-abụ "nnukwu".

N'April 8, 1968, King na ụmụ ya duuru ndị ọrụ nhicha ahụ gaa ije nke di ya mere atụmatụ ime tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe ndị na-eme ngagharị ahụ rutere ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri na Civic Center Plaza n'ihu Memphis City Hall, ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri gara n'ihu na-ese foto nke Eze na ụmụ ya mana ha kwụsịrị mgbe ọ gwara onye ọ bụla okwu na igwe okwu. O kwuru na n'agbanyeghị na Martin Luther King Jr. na-anọghị n'ebe ụmụ ya nọ mgbe ụfọdụ, "ụmụ ya maara na Papa hụrụ ha n'anya, oge ya na ha nọrọ na-adị mma. " Tupu olili ozu Martin, Jacqueline Kennedy zutere ya. Ha abụọ nọrọ nkeji ise ọnụ n'agbanyeghị nleta dị mkpirikpi, Coretta kpọrọ ya nkasi obi. Nne na nna King si Alabama bịa.[19] Robert na Ethel Kennedy bịara, nke ikpeazụ ka King makụrụ. King na nwunye nwanne ya nwanyị Christine King Farris gbalịrị ịkwadebe ụmụaka maka ịhụ ozu Martin. Na njedebe nke ozi olili ozu, King duuru ụmụ ya na ndị na-eru uju na njem site na chọọchị gaa Morehouse College, alma mater di ya nwụrụ anwụ.

Ịbụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụbọchị abụọ di ya nwụsịrị, Eze kwuru okwu na Ebenezer Baptist Church ma kwuo okwu mbụ ya banyere echiche ya kemgbe ọ nwụrụ. O kwuru na di ya gwara ụmụ ha, "Ọ bụrụ na nwoke enweghị ihe ọ bụla kwesịrị ịnwụ, mgbe ahụ ọ gaghị adị mma ibi ndụ. " O welitere echiche ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịnwụ, mana kwubiri na "mmụọ ya agaghị anwụ". [20] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, Coretta nọchiri ya na nzukọ udo na New York City. N'iji ihe odide o dere tupu ọnwụ ya, King wuru okwu nke ya. Coretta gakwuuru onye Africa-America na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe Josephine Baker iji were ọnọdụ di ya na Civil Rights Movement. Baker jụrụ mgbe o chechara ya, na-ekwu na ụmụ iri na abụọ ọ kuchiri (nke a maara dị ka "ebo rainbow") bụ "ndị na-eto eto nke ukwuu iji nwụọ nne ha".

Coretta Scott King mechara gbasaa uche ya iji tinye ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Ikike LGBT, nsogbu akụ na ụba, udo ụwa, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Na mbido Disemba 1968, ọ kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha "dị n'otu ma mepụta ike siri ike nke ụmụ nwanyị iji lụso ajọ omume atọ nke Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịda ogbenye na agha ọgụ", n'oge okwu Solidarity Day.[21] N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1968, Eze kwuru okwu na ngagharị iwe megide agha na Central Park n'ọnọdụ di ya. Eze mere ka o doo anya na ọ nweghị ihe mere "ihe mere mba bara ọgaranya dị ka nke anyị ji bụrụ nke ịda ogbenye, ọrịa, na amaghị akwụkwọ ga-emebi. " Eze jiri ihe edeturu e si n'akpa di ya nweta mgbe ọ nwụrụ, nke gụnyere "Iwu Iri na Vietnam". [22] Na June 5, 1968, a gbagburu Bobby Kennedy mgbe ọ meriri na ntuli aka California maka nhọpụta Democratic maka Onye isi ala nke United States. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'ụbọchị na-esote, Ethel Kennedy, onye King na di ya kwurịtara okwu naanị ọnwa abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ, bụ di ya nwụrụ. King ji ụgbọelu gaa Los Angeles iji kasie Ethel obi maka ọnwụ Bobby. Na June 8, 1968, mgbe King na-aga olili ozu onye omeiwu ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi mara ọkwa njide James Earl Ray.[23]

N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Mike Wallace letara ezinụlọ Eze, onye chọrọ ileta ya na ndị ezinụlọ ya ndị ọzọ ma hụ otú ha si eme Krismas na-abịanụ. Ọ kọwaara ezinụlọ ya Wallace ma gosikwa nkwenye ya na ọ gaghị enwe Martin Luther King Jr. ọzọ n'ihi na ọ na-abịa "otu ugboro n'ime narị afọ" ma ọ bụ "ma eleghị anya otu ugboro n'otu puku afọ". Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na ya kwenyere na ụmụ ya chọrọ ya karịa mgbe ọ bụla nakwa na enwere olileanya maka mgbapụta na ọnwụ di ya.[24] Na Jenụwarị 1969, King na Bernita Bennette hapụrụ maka njem India. Tupu ha eruo na mba ahụ, ha abụọ kwụsịrị na Verona, Ịtali, ebe e nyere Eze onyinye ịhụnanya zuru ụwa ọnụ. Eze ghọrọ onye mbụ na-abụghị onye Ịtali natara onyinye ahụ. King so nwanne ya nwanyị, nwunye nwanne ya nwanyị ya, Bennette na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ gaa London iji kwusaa ozi ọma na St. Paul's Cathedral. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ dịghị nwanyị kwurịtara okwuchukwu n'ozizi a na-ahọpụta mgbe niile na katidral.

Dị ka onye ndú nke òtù ahụ, King guzobere King Center for Non-violent Social Change na Atlanta. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na mmalite ya ruo mgbe ọ gafere nwa ya nwoke Dexter Scott King. Iwepụ onwe ya n'ọchịchị, nyere ya ohere ilekwasị anya n'ide akwụkwọ, ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha ma soro ndị mụrụ ya nọrọ oge.[25]

O bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr., na 1969. A dụrụ onye isi ala Richard Nixon ọdụ ka ọ ghara ileta ya n'ụbọchị ncheta ọnwụ ya ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-akpasu ọtụtụ ndị iwe.[26] N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1969, King bụ onye isi okwu na ngagharị iwe Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam na Washington, D.C., ebe ọ duuru ìgwè mmadụ gbadaa Pennsylvania Avenue gafere White House na-ebu kandụl. N'okwu sochirinụ, ọ katọrọ Agha na Vietnam.

Coretta nọkwa n'okpuru nlekọta nke Federal Bureau of Investigation site na 1968 ruo 1972. A na-enyocha ọrụ di ya n'oge ndụ ya. Akwụkwọ ndị ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Houston nwetara na-egosi na FBI na-echegbu onwe ya na Coretta ga-ejikọta ndị na-emegide Vietnam na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. [27] FBI nyochara akwụkwọ ncheta ya wee kwubie na "omume ya na-enweghị ọdịmma onwe ya, nke dị mma bụ nke ... n'ezie, nke na-eme atụmatụ, nke azụmahịa. "Onye na-ekwuchitere ezinụlọ Eze kwuru na ha maara banyere nlekota ahụ, mana ọ maghị otú o si dị ukwuu.[her][28] 

Ndụ e mesịrị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Eze na-aga Nzukọ Mba Democratic nke afọ 19761976 Nzukọ Mba nke Democratic

Kwa afọ mgbe e gbuchara di ya na 1968, Coretta gara emume ncheta n'ụka Ebenezer Baptist dị n'Atlanta iji cheta ihe ọ chọpụtara na Jenụwarị 15. Ọ gbara mkpọsa ruo ọtụtụ afọ ka e mee ya ezumike mba. N'afọ 1972, o kwuru na e kwesịrị inwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ezumike mba kwa afọ iji sọpụrụ onye Africa-American, "na, n'oge a, Martin bụ ihe kacha mma anyị nwere." [1] Murray M. Silver, onye ọka iwu n'Atlanta, gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 14, 1979. Coretta Scott King mechara kweta na ọ bụ "mgbasa ozi kachasị mma, na-arụpụta ihe mgbe ọ bụla." Mgbasa ozi Coretta Scott King mechara gaa nke ọma na 1986, mgbe Martin Luther King Jr. Day mere ezumike gọọmentị etiti.

Mgbe J. Edgar Hoover nwụsịrị, Eze emeghị mgbalị ọ bụla iji zochie iwe ya n'ebe ọ nọ maka ọrụ ọ rụrụ megide di ya n'ime ogologo nkwupụta.[1] Coretta Scott King gara olili ozu steeti Lyndon B. Johnson na 1973, dịka ezigbo enyi nke onye isi ala mbụ. Na Julaị 25, 1978, King mere ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ iji gbachitere onye nnọchi anya Andrew Young maka nkwupụta esemokwu ya gbasara ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ America.[2] Na Septemba 19, 1979, Eze gara ebe a na-azụ anụ Lyndon B. Johnson ka ya na Lady Bird Johnson zute.[3] Na 1979 na 1980, Dr. Noel Erskine na King kụziiri otu klas na "Theology of Martin Luther King, Jr." na Candler School of Theology (Mahadum Emory). Na Septemba 29, 1980, Ted Turner kwupụtara mbinye aka King dị ka onye nkọwa maka CNN.[4]

Coretta Scott gara mbinye aka nke Martin Luther King Jr. Day site n'aka Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan na Nọvemba 2, 1983

On August 26, 1983, King resented endorsing Jesse Jackson for president, since she wanted to back up someone she believed could beat Ronald Reagan, and dismissed her husband becoming a presidential candidate had he lived.[29] On June 26, 1985, King was arrested with her daughter Bernice and son Martin Luther King III while taking part in an anti-apartheid protest at the Embassy of South Africa in Washington, D.C.[30]

Mgbe President Ronald Reagan bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu na-eguzobe Martin Luther King Jr. Day, ọ nọ na mmemme ahụ. Reagan kpọrọ ya ka ọ rịọ mgbaghara n'onwe ya maka okwu ya n'oge ihe omume telivishọn mba, nke o kwuru na anyị ga-ama "na afọ 35" ma Eze bụ onye ọchịchị Kọmunist ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Reagan mere ka isi okwu ya pụta ìhè site n'ịkọwa na e mechiri ihe ndekọ ahụ ruo 2027. [1] Eze nakweere mgbaghara ahụ ma kwuo na Kọmitii Nhọrọ nke Senate na Assassinations achọtaghị ihe ndabere ọ bụla iji gosi na di ya nwere njikọ ndị Kọmunist. [2] Na Febrụwarị 9, 1987, ejidere ndị na-akwado ikike obodo asatọ maka mkpesa mwepụ nke ndị Africa America n'oge ihe nkiri Oprah Winfrey na Cumming, Georgia. Oprah Winfrey nwara ịchọpụta ihe kpatara "obodo ahụ ekweghị ka ndị isi ojii biri ebe ahụ kemgbe 1912." Eze were iwe site na njide ahụ, ma kpọọ oku ka Njikọ kwụsị ịtụ egwu na egwu na Forsyth County iji zute Gọvanọ Georgia Joe Frank Harris "iji chọọ ngwọta ziri ezi maka ọnọdụ ahụ." Na Machị 8, 1989, Eze gwara ọtụtụ narị ụmụ akwụkwọ banyere ọgba aghara obodo na Mahadum San Diego.[3] King gbalịrị ịpụnarịa esemokwu banyere ịkpọ San Diego Convention Center n'aha di ya. Ọ siri ọnwụ na ọ bụ "ndị obodo" na ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịgbalị itinye aka na "ụdị ọnọdụ dị na mpaghara ndị ahụ." [4]

Na Jenụwarị 17, 1993, King gosipụtara nlelị maka mwakpo mgbọ ogbunigwe US na Iraq. N'ịbọ ọ́bọ̀, ọ tụrụ aro ngagharị iwe udo.[31] Na Febụwarị 16, 1993, King gara n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FBI wee nye adreesị nkwado na Director William S. Sessions maka ime ka FBI " tụgharịa azụ na mmegbu nke oge Hoover. " King kelere Sessions maka "ịduzi ya n'iweta ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ka nta n'ime FBI na maka ịbụ ezigbo enyi nke ikike obodo. " King kwetara na ọ gaghị anabata ndokwa ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka Sessions, onye nduzi ugbu a. [32][33] Na Jenụwarị 17, 1994, ụbọchị ncheta ọmụmụ nke di ya nke afọ iri isii na ise, King kwuru, sị: "Ọ dịghị ikpe na-ezighị ezi, n'agbanyeghị otú o si dị ukwuu, nwere ike ịgbaghara ọbụna otu omume ime ihe ike megide mmadụ ọzọ. " Na Jenụwaị 1995, e boro Qubilah Shabazz ebubo nke iji ekwentị na ịgafe akara steeti na atụmatụ igbu Louis Farrakhan.[34] Eze gbachitere ya, na-ekwu na Riverside Church na Harlem na ndị ọkàiwu gọọmentị etiti lekwasịrị ya anya iji mebie ihe nketa nna ya Malcolm X.[35] N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1995, King duziri mgbalị ịdebanye aha otu nde ụmụ nwanyị Africa America na-eme ntụli aka maka ntuli aka onye isi ala n'afọ na-esote ya na ụmụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ Betty Shabazz na Myrlie Evers ma nwa ya nwanyị Yolanda kelere ya n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Washington. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1995, King kwuru banyere ikpe igbu ọchụ O. J. Simpson, nke ọ gọnahụrụ inwe mmetụta ogologo oge na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị na-ege ntị okwu na Mahadum Soka na Aliso Viejo, California.[36] Na Jenụwarị 24, 1996, King kwuru okwu nkeji iri anọ na Mahadum Loyola's Lake Shore campus na Rogers Park. Ọ kpọrọ onye ọ bụla ka ọ "na-eburu ọkụ nke nnwere onwe ma duru America gaa na nnukwu mgbanwe ọzọ". Na June 1, 1997, Betty Shabazz tara nnukwu ọkụ na-eyi ndụ egwu mgbe nwa nwa ya Malcolm Shabazz malitere ọkụ n'ụlọ ha.[37] N'ịzaghachi ụlọ ọgwụ nke enyi ya ogologo oge, King nyere $ 5,000 maka ego mgbake maka ya. [38] Shabazz nwụrụ na June 23, 1997, izu atọ ka a gbasịrị ya ọkụ.

Coretta at Lincoln Memorial 30 th anniversary March on Washington August 28, 1993
Coretta na Lincoln Memorial. 30th anniversary March on Washington August 28, 1993

N'ime 1990s, Eze nọ n'okpuru ọtụtụ nkwụsịtụ wee zute Lyndon Fitzgerald Pace, nwoke kwetara igbu ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ batara n’ụlọ n’etiti abalị wee hụ ya ka ọ nọ ọdụ n’ihe ndina ya. Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ asatọ ịnọ n'ụlọ na-esochi nzute ahụ, King kwagara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ condominium nke bụkwa ebe obibi, n'agbanyeghị nwa oge, maka ndị ọbụ abụ Elton John na Janet Jackson.[1]. Ụlọ ọhụrụ ya bụ onyinye sitere n'aka Oprah Winfrey.[2][3] Na 1999, ezinụlọ eze mechara nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ikpe ndị juri na-ekwu na di ya bụ onye e gburu ogbugbu ogbugbu mgbe ọ gbasịrị Loyd Jowers akwụkwọ, onye kwuru afọ isii tupu ọ kwụọ onye na-abụghị James Earl Ray ụgwọ ka o gbuo di ya.[4] N'April 4, 2000, Eze gara n'ili di ya na ụmụ ya nwoke, nwa ya nwanyị Bernice na ọgọ ya nwanyị. Banyere atụmatụ iji wuo di ya ihe ncheta na Washington, D.C., King kwuru na ọ "ga-emecha otu ihe ncheta na isi obodo mba ahụ na-asọpụrụ ndị isi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, gụnyere Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, na ugbu a Martin Luther King, Jr." [5] National Park Service chọrọ ime ememe ncheta agha Martin Luther King na nrọ ọ bụla nke ịda ogbenye na Vietnam, ma ha achọghị ịlụ ọgụ na nrọ Martin Luther King na Vietnam. America. Coretta Scott King lụrụ ọgụ iji hụ na ihe nketa di ya emeghị ka ọ gbagọọ ma akụkọ a kọrọ na ncheta ya na Washington D.C., bụ eziokwu na Civil Rights Movement.[6] Ọ ghọrọ onye anaghị eri anụ n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya.[7][8]

  1. ↑ "Coretta Scott King honored at church where husband preached", Lodi News-Sentinel, February 6, 2006.
  2. ↑ Waxman. "Coretta Scott King", Lerner Publications, January 2008. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  3. ↑ Schraff, Anne E. (1997). Coretta Scott King: striving for civil rights. Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0894908111. Retrieved on June 16, 2015. 
  4. ↑ Bruns, Roger (2006). Martin Luther King, Jr: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313336865. Retrieved on March 3, 2020. “Bernice McMurray Scott indian.” 
  5. 1 2 3 Bagley, Edyth Scott (2012). Desert Rose: The Life and Legacy of Coretta Scott King. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 17–19. ISBN 978-0-8173-1765-2. Retrieved on March 3, 2020. 
  6. ↑ King, Coretta Scott and Rev. Dr. Barbara Reynolds (January 17, 2017). My Life, My Love, My Legacy. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9781627795999. 
  7. 1 2 Coretta Scott King. Women's History. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008.
  8. ↑ Octavia B. Vivian (April 30, 2006). Coretta: The Story of Coretta Scott King. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-3855-9. Retrieved on March 3, 2020. “coretta scott king family owned farm since civil war.” 
  9. ↑ "Coretta Scott King: My Childhood as a Tomboy / Growing into a Lady", Visionaryproject. Retrieved on October 5, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Coretta King", Ebony, November 1968. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  11. ↑ King. "Address, Antioch Reunion 2004", The Antiochian, Fall 2004. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
  12. ↑ "Coretta Scott King Dies at 78", ABC News, January 31, 2006. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
  13. ↑ "India Trip (1959)". Retrieved on December 3, 2019.
  14. ↑ The FBI's Ugly Obsession With Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (en-US). Amanpour & Company. Retrieved on January 23, 2021.
  15. ↑ Robinson (2014). Malcolm X: Rights Activist and Nation of Islam Leader. Abdo. ISBN 978-1-61783-893-4. Retrieved on November 9, 2019. 
  16. ↑ Crosby (2011). Civil Rights History from the Ground Up: Local Struggles, a National Movement. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820338651. Retrieved on May 13, 2015. 
  17. ↑ Rickford (2003). Betty Shabazz: A Remarkable Story of Survival and Faith Before and After Malcolm X. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. ISBN 1-4022-0171-0. Retrieved on July 27, 2019. 
  18. ↑ Blake. "Moving out of the dreamer's shadow: A King daughter's long journey", CNN, August 25, 2013. Retrieved on November 30, 2013.
  19. ↑ Loh. "Coretta King Expected to Take Active Role in Crusade", The Free Lance–Star, April 18, 1968. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  20. ↑ "Widow Hopes For Fulfillment of King's Dream", Jet, April 18, 1968. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  21. ↑ Pappas. Coretta Scott King. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
  22. ↑ "When widowhood speaks to black civil rights: Coretta Scott King", Women News Network, January 20, 2014. Retrieved on January 29, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Accused Slayer of Dr. Martin Luther King Arrested", Star–Banner, June 9, 1968. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  24. ↑ Coretta Scott King. CBS News (January 16, 2012). Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved on October 4, 2013.
  25. ↑ (November 7, 1994) Dexter King Will Succeed Mom Coretta Scott King as Chairman/CEO MLK Center. Johnson Publishing Company. Retrieved on June 16, 2015. 
  26. ↑ "Nixon papers reveal Elvis's rip of Beatles", Chicago Sun-Times, December 2, 1986.
  27. ↑ "FBI spied on Coretta Scott King, files show", Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2007. Retrieved on September 11, 2007.
  28. ↑ "FBI Files Reveal Government Spied on Coretta Scott King", Jet, September 24, 2007. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Coretta King says Jackson can't win", The Register-Guard, August 26, 1983. Retrieved on June 16, 2015.
  30. ↑ Miller. "Coretta King Arrested at Embassy", The Washington Post, June 27, 1985. Retrieved on July 5, 2017.
  31. ↑ "Coretta Scott King Outraged About Strike", Orlando Sentinel, January 18, 1993. Retrieved on January 12, 2014.
  32. ↑ Ostrow. "Coretta King, at FBI Headquarters, Backs Sessions, Assails Hoover", Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1993. Retrieved on January 8, 2014.
  33. ↑ Howard. "Coretta Scott King Praises Sessions, FBI", Chicago Tribune, February 17, 1993. Retrieved on January 14, 2014.
  34. ↑ "Opposition to Violence, Assault Weapons Are Focus of King Day", Los Angeles Times, January 18, 1994. Retrieved on January 8, 2014.
  35. ↑ "Coretta King: Charges Aim To Smear Malcolm X", Orlando Sentinel, February 2, 1995. Retrieved on January 12, 2014.
  36. ↑ "Coretta King Discusses Verdicts", Los Angeles Times, October 13, 1995. Retrieved on January 23, 2014.
  37. ↑ Thomas. "Coretta Scott King Carries Dream", Chicago Tribune, January 25, 1996. Retrieved on November 30, 2013.
  38. ↑ "Shabazz Fund Drive Gets Levin, King Donations", Orlando Sentinel, June 18, 1997. Retrieved on January 24, 2014.
Ewepụtara site na "https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coretta_Scott_King&oldid=672677"