Cultureme

Cultureme bụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke omume omenala ejidere na akara nke uru ihe atụ nke enwere ike ịkụda n'ime obere nkeji ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na nke buru ibu.[1] Cultureme bụ "ngalaba na-ebute ozi omenala",[2] nke otu ndị mmadụ na-amata ọdịnaya ya. Omenala bụ akwa n'etiti mpaghara asụsụ na omenala.

Enwere ike ịhụ ojiji ha n'okwu omenala, okwu okwu, njakịrị, okwu okwu, akwụkwọ, okpukperechi, akụkọ ifo, sociology, anthropology, wdg.[1] Ihe niile bụ subcultures na usoro omenala. Omenala nke ọdịdị a nwere mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na mgbe a sụgharịrị ya ma ọ bụ kọwaa ya na-ebute mkparịta ụka na nghọtahie.^[1]

A na-eji echiche omenala eme ihe na ọmụmụ ntụgharị asụsụ na ọzụzụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ echiche ejiri mee ihe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke a ka ga-akọwapụta yana dị iche na ndị ọzọ, dị ka akpaokwu, akpaalaokwu, akara, okwu omenala, wdg.

Nzọụkwụ nke Cultureme

Fernando Poyatos na-ekewa ihe ndị dị na cultureme n'ime usoro anọ. Nzọụkwụ ndị a na-enyocha ihe kachasị ukwuu nke omenala na akụkụ kachasị nke omenala. ^[2]

Nzọụkwụ nke Mbụ: Ọdịbendị Ndị Dị Mkpa

Omenala ndị bụ isi bụ omenala kacha gbasaa. Ha na-akọwapụta ọdịdị mbụ nke omenala. A na-ekewa omenala ndị bụ isi na "alaeze" omenala abụọ, obodo mepere emepe na ime obodo, na ngalaba abụọ: mpụta na ime. Omenala ndị bụ isi na-amalite site n'obodo mepere emepe na ime obodo n'ihi ọdịiche ha na njirimara omenala na ngosipụta nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze. N'ime omenala ọ bụla, e nwere mpụ (ihe a na-ahụ site n'èzí) na ime (ihe a na-ahụ n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya n'èzí). Isi ngalaba nke omenala bụ: obodo ukwu-mputa, obodo-ime ime, ime obodo-mputa, na ime obodo-ime.^[2]

Ihe dị mkpa nke omenala ndị bụ isi bụ inye echiche zuru oke banyere gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ihe atụ,

"na North America (United States na Canada): nnukwu ibu nke ọtụtụ ụgbọala, ụda oge okpomọkụ na ísì nke ịkpụ ahịhịa, ísì nke anwụrụ ọkụ bọs obodo, nkewa nke azụmaahịa 'etiti obodo' na ebe obibi na obere obodo ma ọ bụ obodo, sirens nke ụgbọala ndị uwe ojii ha, ísì hamburger na fries nke ọtụtụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ísì pụrụ iche, akara 'Licensed' n'ọtụtụ ụlọ oriri na ụba nke abụọ (na-egosi àgwà ọdịbendị banyere ịṅụ" ^[3]

Nzọụkwụ nke Abụọ: Ọdịbendị Ndị Dị Mkpa

Primary culturemes dị n'oge a na-eme omenala, ebe omenala mmadụ na-aghọwanye mgbagwoju anya. A na-ekewa ọdịbendị anọ ahụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi (ọnọdụ ọdịbendị) na omume (omume nke ndị mmadụ na mmekọrịta ha). Culturemes ndị a bụ nsonaazụ nke ịmata usoro ọdịbendị na "inweta ya site na nyocha ma ọ bụ mmụta usoro". ^[4]

Nzọụkwụ nke Atọ: Ọdịbendị nke Abụọ

A na-ekewa omenala n'ime ntọala, nke a na-egosipụta otu omenala. Nke a gụnyere ọdịbendị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ mmanya, wdg. Ndị a bụ ọdịbendị nke abụọ. Nzọụkwụ nke atọ bụ ebe ọdịbendị ndị a chọpụtara na nke abụọ na-amalite imekọrịta ihe; a na-ahụ mmekọrịta n'etiti usoro ọdịbendị na ụkpụrụ dị iche iche.^[2]

Nzọụkwụ nke Anọ: Tertiary Culturemes

Nzọụkwụ nke anọ na-enyocha n'ime mmetụta mmadụ, na-enyochaa ruo n'ókè o kwere mee. Mmecha nke anọ na-enye ohere ịchọpụta usoro ọdịbendị na subculture nke cultureme. Ịmara usoro ọdịbendị na subculture dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-enyere aka ịnyagharị site na usoro ndị ọzọ a na-ahụ anya n'ime ọdịbendị ahụ.^[2]

Nsụgharị

Ịsụgharị cultureme nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịma aka, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị na-egosi mgbe ụfọdụ siri ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: okwu Spanish Alcázar pụtara "ụlọ elu", "obí eze" ma ọ bụ "ebe e wusiri ike", mana, ebe ọ bụ na ọ sitere na Arabic, ọ na-echeta narị afọ asatọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme (Al Andalus), nke a na-enweghị ike ịsụgharị n'ụzọ dị mfe n'asụsụ Bekee, yabụ onye ntụgharị ga-eme mkpebi dị mkpa: ma ọ bụ họrọ okwu Bekee "ebe e guzobere" ma tụfuo ihe niile gbasara akụkọ ihe mere n'oge ochie na ọdịbendị, ma ọ bụ jiri okwu mgbazinye alcazar.

Asụsụ nwere ike ịnwe ọdịbendị dị iche iche na asụsụ dị iche iche nwere ike ịnata otu ọdịbendị. Ọdịbendị nwere ike ịdị iche n'echiche nke nwere ike imetụta otú a na-ebute echiche n'asụsụ ha. Asymmetry nke asụsụ na-eme ka okwu nke inye asụsụ na ọdịbendị dị ka cultureme n'asụsụ ọzọ. Mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya nke asụsụ na ọdịbendị dị mkpa n'inye omenala uru ha chọrọ. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na-eme ka ọdịiche ọdịbendị dị iche iche dị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na na-enweghị mgbalị jikọrọ aka nke ọdịbendị niile, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọwa ihe okwu ndị nwere ike ịbụ culturemes na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu. Ọ bụ ezie na, nke nta nke nta, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mmekọrịta na nke multimedia aghọwo ihe sara mbara na ozi na-ebelata àkwà mmiri gafee asụsụ na ọdịbendị.^[5]

Nsụgharị nkịtị: A na-asụgharị asụsụ nke cultureme n'asụsụ ọzọ na mgbalị ịkọwa otu isi ihe ahụ.
Nkwekọ ọrụ: Ịsụgharị ihe ọ pụtara na-enweghị njikọ ọdịbendị ya.
Near-synonymy: Nsụgharị nwere ihe yiri nke cultureme n'enweghị otu.
Nkọwapụta n'okpuru: Usoro nchekwa ohere nke na-enye nkọwa dị mkpirikpi na nke a na-achịkwa.
Distortion: Nsụgharị nke na-echekwaghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka cultureme.
Nkọwa: Onye ntụgharị na-eji usoro a na mbọ ha na-agba iji mee ka ndị na-ege ntị ghọta ihe ọ pụtara. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye nkọwa dị ogologo na nke zuru oke.
Mgbanwe nke ụdị: N'ihe atụ nke cultureme bụ ihe mgbe ochie ma ọ bụ na-adịghịzi mkpa, a na-enye ihe yiri ya n'oge a.
Glossary: Ihe odide e nyere na-enye nkọwa na njedebe.
Nkọwapụta karịrị akarị: A na-enye ozi ndị ọzọ karịa ka achọrọ.
Enweghị nsụgharị: A na-edebe ụfọdụ omenala n'asụsụ mbụ ha. Nke a na-emetụta asụsụ edemede Roman, ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnwe ọdịbendị ha.
Omission: Onye ntụgharị nwere ike ịhapụ ihe ha chere na ọ bụ ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ihe a ga-ekwu.^[6]

Ọdịbendị: Ụkpụrụ, Echiche, na Ihe Ndị E Ji Eme

N'ịsụgharị, enweghị ike igosi ihe ọdịbendị pụtara na-ewepụ cultureme nke aha "cultureme" ya ma ọ na-aghọ naanị okwu na-edoghị anya. A na-ekewa ọdịbendị n'ụdị atọ: Ụkpụrụ, Echiche, na Ihe.^[1]

Ụkpụrụ na-ezo aka n'àgwà na omenala nke otu ọha mmadụ. Omenala nwere ntọala nke nkwanye ùgwù nke na-eji okwu nsọpụrụ nke adreesị, dịka n'asụsụ Korea, nwere ụdị nnọchiaha dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-enweghị nhata n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, dịka Bekee. Ọdịbendị na asụsụ dị iche iche nwere nkọwa dị iche iche nke nkwanye ùgwù nke na-emetụta etu esi sụgharịa cultureme. Ememe ọdịnala bụ ụkpụrụ na ọdịbendị. Afọ Ọhụrụ Vietnamese Tết bụ omenala nke asụsụ na ọdịbendị Vietnamese. Tết na-egosi mmalite nke afọ ọhụrụ na Kalenda ọnwa. Ọ bụ ụbọchị ịnọ n'ụlọ na ememe ezinụlọ na obi ụtọ. Nsụgharị nkịtị nke Tết gaa na Bekee ga-abụ "Afọ Ọhụrụ. " Mana, onye ọ bụla na-enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere cultureme ga-eche omenala na omume nke "AfọỌhụrụ" dịka otu.^[1]
Echiche na-ezo aka na "eziokwu sayensị, nkwenkwe okpukpe, akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo. Ọrụ akwụkwọ, nkwenkwe ụgha, aphorisms, ilu, na akụkọ ọdịnala. " Culturemes ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ miri emi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-abụghị nke ọdịbendị amaghị.^[7] Ọdịbendị ndị metụtara echiche ọdịbendị adịghị mkpa ịkọwa n'oge a, ihe ha pụtara na ihe ha pụtara bụ ihe ọmụma ndị mmadụ.^[1]
Ihe onwunwe na-ezo aka na ọdịbendị anụ ahụ. Nri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, bụ ihe atụ dị mkpa nke ọdịbendị a na-ahụ anya; ọ nwere ike igosi ọdịbendị / ụdị ndụ. Nri ụfọdụ bụ isi nke ọdịbendị ahụ ma nwee ike ịbụ ngwaahịa nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ịdị adị nke nri ma ọ bụ nri nwere ike inwe ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị. Nsụgharị na ntụziaka ndị metụtara nri cultureme nwere ike ime ka ewebata ihe ndị na-ezighi ezi.^[1]

Hụkwa

Oge
Akwụkwọ edemede
Ụdị asụsụ
Ihe ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

Edemsibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Park (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation" (in en). Neohelicon 42 (2): 603–621. DOI:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652. Park, Kyung-Eun; Shin, Keun-Hye; Kim, Ki-Sun (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation". Neohelicon. 42 (2): 603–621. doi:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652. S2CID 142370870.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rapoport (1976). The Mutual interaction of people and their built environment : a cross-cultural perspective, International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (9th : 1973 : Chicago), The Hague: Mouton, 265–274. ISBN 9789027979094. OCLC 654436579. Rapoport, Amos (1976). The Mutual interaction of people and their built environment : a cross-cultural perspective. International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (9th : 1973 : Chicago). The Hague: Mouton. pp. 265–274. ISBN 9789027979094. OCLC 654436579.
↑ Fernando. (2002). Nonverbal communication across disciplines. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 11. ISBN 978-1556197536. OCLC 48375754.
↑ Fernando. (2002). Nonverbal communication across disciplines. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 12. ISBN 978-1556197536. OCLC 48375754.
↑ Jaskot (2015-12-31). "Culturemes and Non-Equivalent Lexis in Dictionaries". Cognitive Studies (15): 115–124. DOI:10.11649/cs.2015.009. ISSN 2392-2397.
↑ Nicolae (2015). Multicultural dialogue: translating culturemes, 215–222. ISBN 978-606-8624-21-1.
↑ Park (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation" (in en). Neohelicon 42 (2): 614. DOI:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652.

[:2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Park (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation" (in en). Neohelicon 42 (2): 603–621. DOI:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652. Park, Kyung-Eun; Shin, Keun-Hye; Kim, Ki-Sun (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation". Neohelicon. 42 (2): 603–621. doi:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652. S2CID 142370870.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rapoport (1976). The Mutual interaction of people and their built environment : a cross-cultural perspective, International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (9th : 1973 : Chicago), The Hague: Mouton, 265–274. ISBN 9789027979094. OCLC 654436579. Rapoport, Amos (1976). The Mutual interaction of people and their built environment : a cross-cultural perspective. International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (9th : 1973 : Chicago). The Hague: Mouton. pp. 265–274. ISBN 9789027979094. OCLC 654436579.

[3] Fernando. (2002). Nonverbal communication across disciplines. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 11. ISBN 978-1556197536. OCLC 48375754.

[4] Fernando. (2002). Nonverbal communication across disciplines. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 12. ISBN 978-1556197536. OCLC 48375754.

[5] Jaskot (2015-12-31). "Culturemes and Non-Equivalent Lexis in Dictionaries". Cognitive Studies (15): 115–124. DOI:10.11649/cs.2015.009. ISSN 2392-2397.

[:12-6] Nicolae (2015). Multicultural dialogue: translating culturemes, 215–222. ISBN 978-606-8624-21-1.

[7] Park (2015-12-01). "Research on limitations of indirect literary translation and aspects of cultural vocabulary translation" (in en). Neohelicon 42 (2): 614. DOI:10.1007/s11059-015-0298-5. ISSN 0324-4652.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]