Devaneya Pavanar
| Ụdịekere | nwoke |
|---|---|
| Mba o sị | Ndia, British Raj, Dominion of India |
| Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 7 Febụwarị 1902 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Tamil Nadu |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 15 Jenụwarị 1981 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Madurai |
| Asụsụ obodo | Tamil |
| Asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Tamil, English |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | Tamil |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | odee uri, odee akwụkwọ, linguist |
| Onye were ọrụ | Annamalai University |
| Ọrụ ama ama | Q16312016 |
Devaneya Pavanar (nke a makwaara dị ka G. Devaneyan, Ñanamuttan Tevaneyan; 7 Febụwarị 1902 - 15 Jenụwarị 1981) bụ onye ọkà mmụta India nke dere ihe karịrị mpịakọta nnyocha iri atọ na ise gbasara asụsụ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Tamil. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ bụ onye na-akwadosi "Pure Tamil movement" ike ma malite imepụta akwụkwọ nkọwa okwu n'asụsụ Tamil iji wepụta mgbọrọgwụ nke okwu Tamil na njikọ ha na ákụkụ ha niile.
N'akwụkwọ ya Primary Classical Language of the World nke afọ 1966, ọ na-ekwu na Asụsụ Tamil bụ "ihe okike kachasị dị n'ụdị chi si kee ya" (iyal-mońi) yana asụsụ proto-world, ịbụ asụsụ kachasị ochie (thon-moń) n'ụwa, nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ niile dị n'ụwa sitere na ya. O kwenyere na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ya, nke e mechara kpọọ Akwụkwọ Sangam nke a na-ewekarị na edere ya site na 200 BCE na 300 CE, nọrọ nnukwu oge site na 10,000 ruo 5,500 BCE.[1] Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịdị ala na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme anaghị akwado echiche ya.
Devaneya Pavanar dere ọtụtụ egwu (Isaik kalambakam) na ọtụtụ uri dị ịrịba ama, gụnyere nchịkọta Venpa. Gọọmentị steeti Tamil Nadu nyere ya utu aha Senthamiḻ Selvar n'afọ 1979, a kpọkwara ya Dravida Mozhi nool Nayiru ("Anyanwụ nke asụsụ Dravidian").
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Gnanamuthu Devaneyan Pavanar bụ onye ọkammụta Tamil na Municipal College, Salem, site na 1944 ruo 1956. Site n'afo 1956 ruo 1961, ọ bụ onye isi ngalaba Dravidian na Mahadum Annamalai.Ọ bụụrụonge òtù Kansụl Tamil maka Mmepe na Nnyocha, nke gọọmentị Nehru hiwere na 1959,nke e nyefere ọrụ imepụta akwụkwọ nkụzi ihe nke praịmarị na sekọndeị na Tamil. Site n'afọ 1974, ọ bụụrụ onye isi nduzi nke Tamil Etymological Project, ọ ma rụkwaa ọrụ dịka onye isi oche nke International Tamil League, Tamil Nadu. (U. Tha. Ka.). [citation needed]
Oba akwụkwọ mpaghara Chennai District ka a kpọrọ aha Devanaya Pavanar nke dị na Anna Salai, Chennai. [citation needed]
Echiche banyere Tamil na Sanskrit
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Vadamoli Varalaru nke Pavanar na-ekwu na enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ narị okwu Sanskrit nwere mmalite si na Tamil, n'otu oge ahụ, o siri ọnwụ na e nwere ihe ndị yiri asụsụ Tamil kpọmkwem maka okwu mgbazinye Sanskrit. O kwuru na Tamil bụ asụsụ "dị elu ma dị nsọ" karịa Sanskrit. N'echiche ya, asụsụ Tamil malitere na "Lemuria" (Ilemūriyā), ebe mmepeanya si bido na ebe asụsụ si. O kwenyere na ndị Sanskrit na-egbochi ihe akaebe nke ịdị ochie nke Tamil.
Usoro oge Pavanar maka mgbanwe nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ na Tamil dị ka ndị a:
- ca. 500,000 BC: mmalite nke agbụrụ mmadụ,
- ca. 200,000 ruo 50,000 BC: mgbanwe nke "Tamilian ma ọ bụ Homo Dravida ",
- c. 200,000 ruo 100,000 BC, mmalite nke Tamil
- c. 100,000 ruo 50,000 BC, uto na mmepe nke Tamil,
- 50,000 BC: Mmepeanya Kumari Kandam
- 20,000 BC: Omenala Tamil furu efu na Easter Islandk nke nwere mmepeanya dị elu
- 16,000 BC: Mmiri mikpuru Lemuria
- 6087 BC: Tamil Sangam nke abụọ nke eze Pandya guzobere
- 3031 BC: Otu nwa eze Chera na-awagharị na Solomon Islands hụrụ okpete ọhịa wee malite ịkọ ugbo na Tamil Nadu.
- 1780 BC: Tamil Sangam nke Atọ nke eze Pandya guzobere
- Narị afọ nke asaa BC: Tolkappiyam, ụtọ asụsụ Tamil kachasị ochie dị ugbu a
N'okwu mmalite nke akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1966 The Primary Classical Language of the World o dere:
Ọ dịghị asụsụ ọzọ dị ka Tamil n'ụwa niile, nke ndị mmadụ na ihe ndị ọzọe kere eke na-emejọ nke ukwuu, nke e kpekwarala ya ọtụtụ ikpe na-ezighị ezi site n'aka ndị mba ọzọ na ndị obodo na-aghọgbu.
Echiche izugbe na nkà na sayensị niile na-aga n'ihu ka oge na-aga, bụ ụgha n'ihe gbasara nkà mmụta ihe ochie, n'ihi njehie dị mkpa nke ịchọta ebe obibi mbụ nke ndị Tamil na mpaghara Mediterenian, na iji Sanskrit, asụsụ akwụkwọ mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara Vedic, dịka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, maka ihe nlereanya nke Ụdị Okwu Indo-European.
Ndị si n'ọdịda anyanwụ amghịrị ruo ugbua, na Tamil bụ asụsụ ochie meperela nke ukwuu nke si na Lemurian nke bụrị, ma bụrụkwa na-aga, nke a na-abịatu site na mgbalị a tụrụ atụmatụ ya ma hazie ya nke ọma site n'aka ndị Sanskritist ma na ngalaba gọọmentị ma nke onwe onye, kemgbe ndị Vedic mendicant kwagara na South, and wee na-ewere ohere na ha chakarịrị n'ọcha yana maka na ndị eze Tamil mgbe ochie nwere echiche di nta na-ahụtazi onwe ha dịka chi n'elu ụwa (Bhu-suras) wee napụ ndị Tamil nkwenye ha nwere, na asụsụ nna nna ha nyere ha maọbu asụsụ ọnatarachi ha bụ nke si n'igwe bịa.
N'otu isi nke akwụkwọ ahụ isiokwu ya bụ Tamil more divine than Sanskrit, Pavanar nyere ihe ndị mere o ji sị na Tamil "si n'igwe bịa" karịa Sanskrit, na-ekwu maka "Ịbụ ihe diwara ochie nke Tamil", ọ na-akọwa:
| Asụsụ Tamil | Asụsụ Sanskrit |
|---|---|
| Ọ bụ nke mbụ na nke mbụ. | Ihe ndị ọzọ e si na ya nweta. |
| Asụsụ a na-asụ na nke dị ndụ. | Asụsụ edemede nke ọkara aka mere.[2] |
| Ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ exoteric. | Ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ esoteric. |
| Ịkwalite cosmopolitanism. | Nkewa nke ọha mmadụ n'ime ọtụtụ ọkwa dabere na ọmụmụ na nne na nna. |
| Nkwado nke onye ọ bụla na ịta ahụhụ. | |
| Inwe agụmakwụkwọ ka elu dị ka ihe niile na-ahụkarị. | |
| Ịgba ume inye ndị ogbenye na ndị nọ ná mkpa onyinye. | Nkwado maka ndị na-enye onyinye iji nye naanị ndị Sanskrit. |
| Ịhụnanya nke eziokwu. | Ịhụnanya nke aghụghọ na ịpụtaghachi ihe. |
| Ịkwado ịhụnanya, dị ka ụzọ isi nweta obi ụtọ ebighi ebi. | Ịkwado ihe ọmụma, dị ka ụzọ isi nweta njikọ na mkpụrụ obi zuru ụwa ọnụ. |
| Inwe usoro ịchụ àjà nye chi ndị pere mpe dị ka okpukpe. | Inwe otu chi Saivism Ndị Vaisnavism dị ka okpukpe. |
| Nkọwa edemede sitere n'okike. | Nkọwa edemede nke e chepụtara echepụta. |
Akụkọ mbipụta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Central Plan Scheme maka Classical Tamil nke Centre of Excellence for Classical Tamil na-atụ aro
- "Iji bipụta Adhibhasa nke Sattambi Swamigal nke a sụgharịrị mana e bipụtabeghị nke na-achọ igosi na Tamil bụ asụsụ kachasị ochie. Mgbe e bipụtara ya, ọ ga-enye ihe mkpali maka nchọpụta Pavanar. "
Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu emeela ka ọrụ niile na akwụkwọ niile Pavanar dere bụrụ nke mba n'oge "Afọ ime ncheta iru afọ iri ise nke nnwere onwe mba" (2006). Nke a pụtara na ikike nwebisiinka maka ọrụ Pavanar bụ nke steeti Tamil Nadu ugbu a, ebe a kwụrụ ndị nketa ya ụgwọ ego.
Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Efere ọlaọcha nke Tamil Peravai, Salem nyere ya na 1955 iji kelee ya maka ọrụ ya na Tamil.
- Efere kọpa Gọvanọ nke Tamil Nadu nyere ya na 1960 iji kelee ya maka ntinye ya na nchịkọta okwu nchịkwa na Tamil.[3]
- Efere ọlaọcha South Indian Saiva Sinddhanta Works Publishing Society, Thirunelveli Ltd., nyere ya na 1970 ikele ya maka ọrụ nnyocha ya na Tamil philology na etymology.[3]
- E mere emume ịgba otu narị afọ nke Pavanar na Sankarankoil (5 Febụwarị 2002) yana na Gomathimuthupuram (6 Febụwarị) nke mpaghara Tirunelveli na Chennai (8 Febụwarị), nke Minista na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na Chief Minister O. Panneerselvam bịara.
- N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2006, Ngalaba nzisa ozi dị na Chennai wepụtara stampụ ncheta Devaneya Pavanar.
- N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007, Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu wụnyere ihe ncheta na Madurai iji sọpụrụ Devaneya Pavanar.
Tamil
- Kaṭṭurai varaiviyal. , Tirucci: Sri Nilaiyam Accukkūṭam, 1940.
- Cuṭṭu viḷakkam, allatu, Aṭippaṭai aintu. , Tirucci: Impīriyal Piras, 1943.
- Tirāviṭattāy = Nne nke asụsụ Dravidian niile, Ceṉai: Purōkireciv Accumaṇi Patippakam, [1969]
- Vērccoṟ kaṭṭuraikaḷ ("essay epymological"), Ceṉṉai:Saiva Siddantha Kazhagam Publisher, 1973.
- Maṇil viṇ: allatu, Vaḷuvar kūṭṭūtamai, Kāṭṭuppāṭi Virivu, Va. Ā. Māvaṭṭam: N CESamaṇi Patippakam, 1978.
Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị:
- Nāṅkaḷ kāṇum Pāvāṇar: Móiñāyiṟu Pāvā́ṇar avarkaḷiṉ mutalām niṉaivu nāḷ veḷiyīṭu. , Neyvēli, Tamińāṭu: Pāvāṇar Tamińk Kuṭumpam, 1982.
- Pāvāṇar kaṭitaṅkaḷ, Ceṉai: Tirunelvēli Teṉintiya Caivacittānta Nūṟpatippuk Kažakam, 1985.
- Centamilc Coṟpiṟappiyal PERKARAMUTA, Ceṉṉai: CentamiʹA CoṟPYAPPYAL Akara Mutalit Tiṭṭa Iyakkaka Veḷīṭu, 1985-2005
- Palantamilātsi aracial koṭpāṭukaḷ, Ceṉai: Maṇivācakar Patippakam, 1991.
- Pāvāṇar mukavuraikaḷ, Tañcāvūr: Tamiʹmati Patippakam, 2001.
- Tami ma Patippakam otu narị afọ mbipụta: Uyartarak kaṭṭurai ilakkaṇam, 2000. Ịma mma, 2000. Oppiyaṉ moī, Ceṉṉai Moīārāyccik kaṭṭuraikaḷ, 2001. Kaṭṭuraik etipu, eṉṉum, Viy Casino viḷakkam, 2001.
- Oppiyaṉ moī, Ceṉai ("asụ asụsụ tụnyere"), 2000-<2001 >
- Kaṭṭuraik etipu, eṉṉum, Viy Casino viḷakkam, 2001.
- Ilakkaṇak kaṭṭuraikaḷ, 20010
Ihe nrite Devaneya Pavanar
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu guzobere ihe nrite Devaneya Pavanar iji sọpụrụ ihe ncheta nke onye ọkà mmụta Tamil a a ma ama.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Kumari Kandam
- Maraimalai Adigal
- Tanittamil Iyakkam
- Ọgba aghara na-emegide Hindi
- Ndị Aryan
- Echiche nke ịdị n'otu Paleolithic
- Asụsụ Chineke
- Ịhụ mba n'anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie
Edensibịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ịgụrụ Gawa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Mahadevan, Iravatham (2002-03-08). "Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995–2000)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 8 (1). ISSN 1084-7561. Archived from the original on 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2026-03-14.
- Tevaneyan, Ñanamuttan (2004). Nostratics – The Light From Tamil According to Devaneyan (1977–80 studies of G. Devaneyan on the spread in different Language families of the world of derivatives from 22 basic Tamil words). Chennai: The Tirunelveli South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society.
- Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997). Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970. Studies on the History of Society and Culture. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20805-6.
- Ramaswamy, Sumathi (2004). The Lost Land of Lemuria: Fabulous Geographies, Catastrophic Histories. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24440-5.
- Sahitya Akademi (2002). Tevaneyap Pavanar. Cakittiya Akkatemi. ISBN 978-81-260-1499-6.
- Tamilkkutimakan, Mu (1985). Pavanarum tanittamilum, Moli ñayiru Tevaneyap Pavanar Arakkattalaic Corpolivu. International Institute of Tamil Studies, Ulakat Tamilaraycci Niruvanam.
- Venkatachalapathy, A. R. (2003). "Coining Words: Language and Politics in Late Colonial Tamilnadu". In Kaiwar (ed.). Antinomies of Modernity: Essays on Race, Orient, Nation. Duke University Press. pp. 120–139. doi:10.1515/9780822384564-006. ISBN 978-0-8223-8456-4.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Devaneya Pavanar (Website gọọmentị)
- mbipụta (worldcatlibraries.org)