Dhuwal
Dhuwal (nke a na-akpọkwa Dual, Duala) bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Yolŋu nke Ndị Aborigine Australia na-asụ na Northern Territory, Australia. Ọ bụ ebe na akara Yolŋu niile na-ebe ha ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, Dhuwal na- calaamad anya dị iche iche nke ụdịdị dị iche iche. N'afọ 2019, Djambarrpuyŋuŋut Amar nwa nwa mbụ a na-asụ na ndị omeiwu Australia, mgbe nwoke Yolŋu na onye otu Northern Territory Legislative Assembly Yingiya Guyula kwuru okwu n'asụsụ ala ya.[1]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ọkà mmụta asụsụ Robert M. W. Dixon si kwuo,
- Asụsụ ndị Yirritja bụ (a) Gupapuyngu na Gumatj;
- Asụsụ ndị Dhuwa bụ (b) Djambarrpuyngu, Djapu, Liyagalawumirr, na Guyamirlili (Gwijamil).
- Na mgbakwunye, ọ ga-apụta na asụsụ Dhay'yi (Dayi), (a) Dhalwangu na (b) Djarrwark, bụ akụkụ nke otu asụsụ ahụ.[2]
Ethnologue kewara Dhuwal n'asụsụ anọ, tinyere Dayi na ụdị kọntaktị dị iche iche Dhuwaya (nọmba sitere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2006. [aha achọrọ]):
- Dhuwal n'onwe ya, Datiwuy, Dhuwaya, Liyagawumirr, Marrangu, na Djapu: ndị ọkà okwu 600
- Djampbarrpuyŋu, 2,760 ndị ọkà okwu
- Gumatj, ndị ọkà okwu 240.
- Gupapuyngu, ndị na-asụ 330
- Dhay'yi (Dayi) na Dhalwangu, 170 ndị na-ekwu okwu
Dhuwaya bụ ụdị ịhụnanya a na-akatọ [nkọwa dị mkpa] nke ụgbọ na-eto eto na-eji n'popo ndị a na-enyere n'akwụkwọ, ebe ọ nọchiri Gumatj ca. 1990. [citation needed]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Mpaghara | Akụkụ dị iche iche | Apical | Mkpịsị aka | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Velar | Ezé ezé | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |||
| Plosive | <small id="mweQ">Fortis</small> | p | k | t̪ | c | t | ʈ | ʔ |
| <small id="mwiw">Lenis</small> | b | g | d̪ | ɟ | d | ɖ | ||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | ɳ | ||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ɭ | ||||||
| Glide | w | j | ɻ | |||||
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| Elu | i iː | u uː |
| Ala Dị Ala | a aː | |
Ogologo ụdaume dị iche na nkeji okwu mbụ naanị.[3][4]
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Eleghị anya nwere ike ọ lụa nke Australia ndị na-asụ ya ntị enweela orthography ibu maka ya, n' nkọwa ọ claa na edemede Latin. A na- digraphs na- ndị anya ụkwụ ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe na Bekee, ma ọ bụ more mgbe niile site na diacritics, dị ka underlines, ma ọ bụrụ akara ndị ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ a gbaziri site na International Phonetic Alphabet. A na-egosi ihe atụ ụfọdụ na-egosi na-esonụ.
| Asụsụ | Ihe Nlereanya | Nsụgharị | Ụdị |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asụsụ Pitjantjatjara nke Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ | Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 483: attempt to index field 'scripts' (a boolean value). | 'ala, unyi, ala; ala' | diacritic (n'okpuru) na-egosi retroflex imi ([ɳ]) |
| Wajarri | nhanha | 'nke a, nke a' | digraph na-egosi ezé ezé ([n̪]) |
| Asụsụ Yolŋu | yolŋu | 'onye, nwoke' | Na-anọchite anya anya anya anya imi (nke e si na International Phonetic Alphabet nweta) |
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ "Yingiya Mark Guyula makes history, addressing NT Parliament in language", National Indigenous Times, 2022-07-01. Retrieved on 2023-09-22.
- ↑ Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
- ↑ Heath (1980). Dhuwal (Arnhem Land) texts on kinship and other subjects, with grammatical sketch and dictionary, Oceania Linguistics Monographs. University of Sydney.
- ↑ Walker (1981). "Austronesian loanwords in Yolngu-Matha of northeast Arnhem Land". Aboriginal History 5 (1–2): 109–134.