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Doria Shafik

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Doria Shafiq
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Born
Tanta, Egypt
Died
Cairo, Egypt
Occupationauthor, feminist, revolutionary

Doria Shafik[note 1] (Arabic: درية کورتيق; 14 Disemba 1908 - 20 September 1975) bụ onye Egypt na-ahụ maka ụmụ fim, onye na-ede uri na onye nkọwa, na otu n'ime ndị isi nke ndị isi na-onwe ụmụ na Egypt n'etiti afọ 1940. [1] N'ihi mgbalị ya, e nyere ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt ikike ịtụ vootu site na iwu Ijipt.

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Doria Shafik na 14 Disemba 1908 n'aka Ahmad Chafik na Ratiba Nassif na Tanta, Egypt . [2][3]: 3 Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị French mission na Tanta na ụlọ akwụkwọ Tanta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ọ dị apụta 16. Mgbe ahụ ahụ ọkọyọyọyọ abụọ nke ikpe ikpe a na-akpọ bacaloria na Cairo. Mgbe ọ dị afụ iri na anọghị, ọ elele otu n'ime ụmụ ụmụ Ijipt mbụ ogo nke bacaloria maka ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ministri akwụkwọ Ijipt nyere ya ụkpụrụ iji ụkpụrụ na Mahadum Sorbonne dị na Paris. Ọ gụkwara maka PhD na nkà ihe nkiri na Sorbonne. [4] O dere edemede abụọ, otu na-agbagha naanị ebumnuche utilitarian nke a na-ejikọta ya na nka Ijipt oge ochie, na nke abụọ, na-arụ ụka banyere ịnakwere ikike nhata ụmụ nwanyị. E nyere ya PhD ya na nzere dị elu (Mention très honorable). N'afọ 1935 dị ka nwa agbọghọ nọ n'Ijipt, ọ banyere n'asọmpi ịma mma, nke kpatara esemokwu.[2]

Mgbe ọ nọ na Paris, Shafik lụrụ Nureldin Raga'i, nwa akwụkwọ iwu nke nọkwa na agụmakwụkwọ ma na-arụ ọrụ na PhD ya.

Mgbe o si France gbara Ijipt na 1940, Shafik nwere ikike inye aka na njikọ nke ndị mba ya, mana onye isi nke Faculty of Literature nke Mahadum Cairo ya nkụzi na-ekwu na ọ bụ "nwere onwe onwe". [4]

N'afọ 1945, Princess Chevicar, nke mbụ nke onye bụbu Eze Ijipt n'oge ahụ bụ Fuad I, nyere Shafik ɔkwan Onye isi nchịkọta nke La Femme Nouvelle, magazin na akwụkwọ French na-agwa ndị isi obodo ahụ okwu.  Shafik nabatara ahụ, ma na ọnwụ Chevicar na 1947, were zuru oke maka magazin ahụ, eze ego ya.  N'okpuru nduzi ya, La Femme Nouvelle ọnọdụ mpaghara.  Ọzọkwa na 1945, Shafik mmetụta nke ibipụta magazin Arabic, Bint Al Nile (nke nwoke na-egosi Naịl na Bekee), nke e bu n'uche ihe ọmụmụ Ijipt na inyere ha aka ọrụ eduzi mma n'ime ha na ọha mmadụ ha..[5][6] Mbipụta mbụ pụtara na Nọvemba 1945 ma ree ya ozugbo.

N'afọ 1948, Shafik guzobere Bint Al Nil Union iji nyere aka dozie nsogbu mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị na iji hụ na etinye ha na iwu mba ha.[7] Òtù ahụ rụkwara ọrụ iji kpochapụ amaghị akwụkwọ site na ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ maka ebumnuche ahụ na mba ahụ dum, guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ na ụlọ nri maka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ.

Nzukọ Ndị Isi

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N'anyị Febụwarị n'afọ 1951, o jisiri ike kpọkọta ụmụ 1500 na ebe site n'òtù ọmụmụ abụọ na-eduga n'Ijipt (Bint Al Nil na Egypt Feminist Union). Ọ haziri na-eche nke ndị mmadụ nke ndị ndu ndị omeiwu ruo awa anɔ mgbe ha gba ebe ahụ na usoro ihe ndị na-egosi ikike akụ na mụrụ ụmụ. A nyocha Mufidah Abdul Rahman ka ọ gbachitere Shafik n'iche ikpe n'ihe gbasara nke a.[8][2] Mgbe ikpe ahụ gara n'ụlọ ikpe, ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado Bint al-Nil gara ụlọ ikpe, onye ọka ikpe ahụ wepụrụ ikpe ahụ ruo mgbe ebighi ebi.[9]

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ịnata nkwa site n'aka Onye isi oche nke Senate, ikike ụmụ nwanyị enwebeghị ọganihu.[2]

Ndị agha nwanyị

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N'afọ 1951, Shafik "malitere otu ndị agha ejiji nke Daughter of Nile".  Na January 1952, ọ duuru otu ndị otu ya gbaa otu alaka ndị Akụ̀ Barclays gburugburu ma mechiri ya, ọ bụ ebe na ndị uwe ojii jidere ya mgbe iwe ahụ ihuenyo "ihe na-adịghị mma mma".[2]

Òtù Bint Al Nil

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Mgbe Mgbanwe Ijipt nke 1952, Doria Shafik rịọrọ gọọmentị ka Bint Al Nil bụrụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na Doria Shafic n'onwe ya dị ka onye isi oche ya, nke gọọmentị kwetara inye.

Ọgba ọsọ agụụ mbụ

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N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 1954, Doria Shafik mere ngagharị iwe agụụ ụbọchị asatọ n'ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, iji mee mkpesa maka ịmepụta kọmitii iwu na-enweghị ụmụ nwanyị na ya.[10] Ọ kwụsịrị ọgbaghara ya mgbe ọ natara nkwupụta e dere ede na Onye isi ala Naguib etinyela aka na iwu nke na-akwanyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị ùgwù.

Njem gburugburu ụwa

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N'ihi mmasị nke agụụ ọ kwụsịrị, a kpọrọ Doria Shafik ka ọ kụzie okwu na Eshia, Europe na United States banyere ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt. Ọ gara Ịtali, England, France, United States, Japan, India, Ceylon na Pakistan.

Ikike ịtụ vootu

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N'ihi mgbalị Doria Shafik, e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu n'okpuru usoro iwu nke 1956, na ndokwa, Otú ọ dị, na ha ga-agụ akwụkwọ, nke na-abụghị ihe dị mkpa maka ịtụ vootu nwoke.

Ọgbaghara agụụ nke Abụọ

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N'afọ 1957, Shafik mere njem iwe agụụ nke abụọ n'ibu anya mba India, iji mee ụdị maka ike nke Onye isi ala Gamal Abdel Nasser.  N'ihi ya, Nasser jidere ya n'iche, akụkọ aha ya na ndị nta na magazin ya. [2]

Akwụkwọ edemede

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Na mgbakwunye na magazin ya, Shafik dere akwụkwọ, L'Esclave de Sultane (Ohu Eze) mgba ịgba ohu nke nwoke, [1] ọtụtụ gbakwunyere nke uri nke Pierre Fanlac, na-eme ihe mere eme nke ya nke a n'ọtụtụ akara. Nadeen Shaker nne uri sitere n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ ya ma bipụta ya na The Cairo Review: [11]  

Ịchụpụ onwe ya na ọnwụ

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Mgbe e jidere ya n'ụlọ, Doria Shafik biri ndụ nanị ya, ọbụlagodi mgbe a na-egbochizi ịgagharị ya. Ọ nọrọ afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya na-agụ akwụkwọ, na-ede akwụkwọ. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe o si na veranda ya daa na 1975. [6] the New York Times kwara ụta maka ịghara ibipụtapụta kùn ya ma ike bipụta otu na 2018. [2]

Ndụ onwe onye

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Shafik ọmụmụ Nureldin Ragai na Paris na 1937. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu okwu onye ọka iwu a ma n'Ijipt ma kwado mbọ niile ọ na-agba.  Ha ọnụ ruo afọ 31 ruo 1968 mgbe ha gbara mgbagwoju, ma nwee ụmụ achọpụta, Jehane na Aziza.  Doria Shafik bi ibi ndụ ya ma ụmụ ya ụmụ na ụmụ ụmụ ya letara ya.  [citation needed]

Ụtụ Isi

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N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2016, Google raara Doodle nye onye edemede ahụ maka ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ iri na asatọ. Doodle ruru mba niile nke Arab World.[12] N'afọ 2018, akwụkwọ akụkọ The New York Times bipụtara akụkọ ọnwụ ya. [2]

Ihe edeturu

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Judith E. Tucker (2008). "Shafiq, Durriya (1908-1975)", in Bonnie G. Smith: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Volume 4: Seton-Zia. Oxford University Press, 27–8. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "Overlooked No More: Doria Shafik, Who Led Egypt's Women's Liberation Movement", The New York Times, 22 August 2018. Retrieved on 19 December 2020. (in en-US)
  3. ↑ Cynthia Nelson (1996). Doria Shafik, Egyptian feminist: a woman apart. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1455-7. OCLC 34514021. Retrieved on 2021-05-08. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cynthia Nelson (Fall 1986). "The Voices of Doria Shafik: Feminist Consciousness in Egypt, 1940-1960". Feminist Issues 6 (2): 15–31. DOI:10.1007/BF02685640. 
  5. ↑ Bint al Nil Journal. digitalcollections.aucegypt.edu. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved on 4 May 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kheir (8 March 2012). Durriya Shafiq: Rebellious Daughter of the Nile. Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved on 31 August 2015.Kheir, Mohammed (8 March 2012). . Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  7. ↑ Nadje S. Al Ali. Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey (Report). SOAS. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved on 21 September 2014.
  8. ↑ Cynthia Nelson (1996). Doria Shafik Egyptian Feminist: A Woman apart. American Univ in Cairo Press, 169–176. ISBN 978-977-424-413-1. 
  9. ↑ Anne Commire (2002). Women in World History: Schu-Sui. Yorkin Publications. ISBN 978-0-7876-4073-6. 
  10. ↑ Mariz Tadros. "Unity in Diversity", Al Ahram, March 1999. Retrieved on 31 August 2015.
  11. ↑ Shaker (May 16, 2018). Daughter of the Nile (en-US). The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022.
  12. ↑ "Doria Shafik's 108th Birthday", 14 December 2016. Retrieved on 26 December 2017.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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  • Asunción Oliva Portoles, Recuperación de una voz olvidada, Madrid: Huerga na Fierro editores, 2010.   ISBN 9788483748237
  • Cynthia Nelson, Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A woman Apart, Gainesville: University Press of Florida (EE.UU.), 1996.   ISBN 9780813014555

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