Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda | |
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| Born | Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman 7 Jenụwarị 1858 Luzhki, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (now Belarus) |
| Died | 16 Disemba 1922 (aged 64) Jerusalem, British Mandate for Palestine |
| Resting place | Mount of Olives, Jerusalem Templeeti:Coord/display/inline,title |
| Alma mater | Sorbonne University |
| Occupation |
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| Organization | HaZvi |
| Known for | Reviving the Hebrew language |
| Movement | Zionism |
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| Children |
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| Mmekọ ngosipụta: Akara edemede a na-amaghị "[" | Mmekọ ngosipụta: Akara edemede a na-amaghị "[" |
Eliezer Ben‐Yehuda[a] ( Iyeezer Yitzhak Perlman;[b] 7 January 1858 - 16 December 1922) [1] bụ onye Russia-Juu ọkà, mmanya, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, na onye nta nke nke kwagara Jerusalem na 1881, mgbe ọ bụ ndị Ukwu Ottoman na [3] ya. A mara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke akwụkwọ ọkọwapụta Hibru nakwa dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke HaZvi nke dị na Jerusalem, otu n'ime akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Hibru mbụ ebụ na Ala Israel. Ben-Yehuda bụ isi ihe na-akpali mweghachi Asụsụ Hibru.
Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A anim Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman (mgbe e ihu Eliezer Ben-Yehuda) na Luzhki na Vilna Governorate nke ndị Ukwu Russia (nke bụzi Vitebsk Oblast, Belarus) na Yehuda Leib na Tzipora Perlman, ndị bụ Chabad hasidim.[1] Asụsụ ya bụ Yidish . [2] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ndị Juu (a cheder) ebe ọ gụrụ Hibru na Bible Hibru site na afọ atọ, dị ka omenala n'etiti ndị Juu nke Eastern Europe. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ọ nwere ike dị ukwuu nke Torah, Mishnah, na Talmud. Nne ya na nwanne nna ya nwere ikike na ọ ga-abụ onye rabaị, wee mmetụta ya na yeshiva. N'ebe ahụ, akpụrụ ya Hibru nke Enlightenment nke ndị Juu, nke ihe ụfọdụ ihe odide ụwa.[3] Mgbe e ima, ọ mara French, German, na Russian, e mmetụta ya Dünaburg maka enyemaka ọzọ. N'ịgụ akwụkwọ Hibru bụ HaShahar, ọ matara òtù ndị mbụ nke Zionism.
Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1877, Ben-Yehuda gara Paris maka afá anɔ. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ ngo ihe dị iche iche na Mahadum Sorbonne - ihe mere ihe mere eme na ndị agha nke Middle East. Ọ bụ na Paris ka ọ zutere Juu si Jerusalem, onye ya na ya na-asụ Hibru. Ọ bụ okpukpe ụka a mere ka o kwenye na iweghachi Hibru dị ka ahia nke mba ga-ekwe omume.[1]
Ịkwaga Ala Izrel
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1881, Ben-Yehuda sonyeere Aliyah Mbụ wee kwaga na Mutasarrifate nke Jerusalem, nke ikpe Ukwu Ottoman na-achị mgbe ahụ, wee biri na Jerusalem. Ọ imera ọrụ nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Alliance Israélite Universelle . [1] N'ịbụ onye echiche ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke imezigharị na iche ụdị ndụ diaspora ልዩ, Ben-Yehuda akara edi edi nke nwere ike ike Yiddish na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị ka ụzọ n'okwu kwa ụbọchị n'etiti ndị Juu si n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ụwa nkwa n'Ala Israel. Ben-Yehuda weere Hibru na Sionism dị ka symbiotic, na-ede, "Asụsụ Hibru nwere ike ikike ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị mee ka mba ahụ dịghachi ndụ ma ndụ ya n'ala nna anyị." [2]
Mweghachi nke asụsụ Hibru
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Iji rụzuo ọrụ ahụ, Ben-Yehuda siri ọnwụ na Kọmitii nke Asụsụ Hibru na, iji kwuo ihe ndekọ Kọmitii ahụ, "Iji gbakwunye adịghị ike nke asụsụ Hibru, Kọmitii na-emepụta okwu dịka iwu nke ụtọ asụsụ na ntụnyere asụsụ si na mgbọrọgwụ Semitic: Aramaic na karịsịa site na mgbọrọ ndụ Arabic".[8]
Ben-Yehuda zụlitere nwa ya nwoke, Ben-Zion (nke pụtara "nwa Zaịọn"), kpamkpam n'asụsụ Hibru. O kweghị ka nwa ya nwoke mara asụsụ ndị ọzọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọbụnakwa baara nwunye ya mba maka ịbụ abụ Russian lullaby. Nwa ya nwoke si otú a ghọọ onye mbụ na-asụ Hibru n'oge a. Ben-Yehuda mechara zụlite nwa ya nwanyị, Dola, kpamkpam n'asụsụ Hibru.
Akwụkwọ edemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ben-Yehuda bụ onye isi na nguzobe Kọmitii nke Asụsụ Hibru (Va'ad HaLashon), mgbe e mesịrị Academy of the Hebrew Language, nzukọ nke ka dị taa. Ọ bụ onye malitere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Hibru nke oge a nke mbụ a maara dị ka Ben-Yehuda Dictionary ma bụrụ onye a maara dị Ka "onye na-eme ka" (המחיה) nke asụsụ Hibru, n'agbanyeghị mmegide megide ụfọdụ okwu ndị o chepụtara.[1] Ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị a aghọwo akụkụ nke asụsụ mana ndị ọzọ enwetụbeghị mmasị.[2]
Mmegide sitere n'aka ndị Juu Ọtọdọks
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ben-Yehuda bụ onye nchịkọta nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha Hibru: HaZvi na Hashkafa. . E mechiri HaZvi ruo otu afọ n'ihi mmegide sitere n'aka ndị obodo Jerusalem ultra-Orthodox, bụ ndị na-adịghị iji Hibru, nsso ha, maka ire ụka kwa ụbọchị.[1] N'afọ 1908, aha ya akara ka ọ bụrụ HaOr, nke Ottoman mechikwara ya n'oge Agha Mbụ Mbụ n'ihi Nkwado ya maka ala nna ndị Juu na Ala Israel / Palestine.
Ọtụtụ ndị Juu raara onwe ha nye n'oge ahụ ike ekele maka mbọ Ben-Yehuda na-agba iji kpọlite nọmba Hibru. Ha flu na Hibru, nke ha, ike dị ka Asụsụ Bible, achị iji ya ihe ndị dị n'ụwa na ndị na-adịghị nsso. Ndị ọzọ chere na nwa ya nwoke ga-etolite ma ụdị "onye nfụkasị ndọrọ", egwuregwukwa Theodor Herzl , mgbe ọ zutere Ben-Yehuda, na echiche nke Hibru egwuregwu nke ndị Juu nke oge a bụ ihe ọchị..[3]
Ndụ onwe onye
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Ben-Yehuda ngosi di ugboro abụọ, abụọ.[13] Nwunye mbụ ya, Devora (née Jonas), nwụrụ na 1891 n'Ụkwara nta, na-ahapụ ya na ụmụ ise.[14] Ọchịchọ ikpeazụ ya bụ ka Eliezer lụọ nwanne ya phom nke ọ tọgbọrọ, Paula Beila.[15] N'oge na-adịghị anya anya ya Devora nwụsịrị, atọ n'ime ụmụ ya nwụrụ na diphtheria n'ime ụbọchị iri. Mgbe ọnwa isii gachara, ọ mụrụ Paula, [1] onye were aha Hibru "Hemda". [4]
Hemda Ben-Yehuda past onye nta akwụkwọ na onye edemede zuru oke n'onwe ya, na-ahụ maka mmezu nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Hibru n'ime iri afụ mgbe Eliezer nchebe, yana akara ego na nhazi kọmitii ndị ọrụ na Israel na mba ofesi.. [citation needed]
Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Disemba 1922, Ben-Yehuda, 64, nwụrụ n'ọrịa ụkwara nta, nke ọ tara ahụhụ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya. E liri ya n'Ugwu Olive na Jerusalem.[5] Mmadụ 30,000 bịara olili ozu ya.[2]
Ben-Yehuda wuru ụlọ maka mpaghara ya na mpaghara Talpiot nke Jerusalem, mana ọnwụnwa atọ tupu e wuchaa ya.[1] Nwunye ya Hemda biri ebe ahụ ruo ihe mmụta nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri atọ. Afọ iri mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, nwa ya bụ Ehud wegara aha ụlọ ahụ na obodo Jerusalem maka nke gosiri ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ebe igbu ihe. N'ikpeazụ, e nyere ya otu òtù ụka si Germany nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ afọ na-eto eto na Germany.[2] ikike bụzi ebe n'ụlọ na ụlọ ndị ọbịa nke otu German Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP) na-achịkwa, nke na-hazi ọkụ ihe, ụgbọ ihe na mmemme ulpan bụ Hibru..[6]
Onye na-enwe mmetụta ihe mere eme bụ Jack Fellman hotara Cecil Roth ka ọ chị achị nri Ben-Yehuda nyere n'asụsụ Hibru: "Tupu Ben-Ye Juda, ndị Juu nwere ike ịsụ Hibru; mgbe ọ okpukpe, ha mere." ndị "asụsụ mbụ".[7][7]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe edeturu
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Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Naor, Mordechai. "Flesh-and-Blood Prophet", Haaretz, 13 September 2008. Retrieved on 1 October 2008. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "haaretz2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Balint, Benjamin. "Confessions of a polyglot", Haaretz, 23 November 2008. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "haaretz1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Singer (11 November 2020). The Hebrew-Based Judaism And Zionism Of Eliezer Ben Yehuda (en-US). The Jewish Press. Retrieved on 2021-01-22.
- ↑ Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer (1858–1922). The Jewish Agency for Israel. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved on 6 November 2007.
- ↑ Mount of Olives – Jerusalem. trekker.co.il. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved on 6 November 2007.
- ↑ Beit Ben Yehuda – International Meeting Center in Jerusalem. beit-ben-yehuda.org.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bensadoun. "This week in history: Revival of the Hebrew language", The Jerusalem Post, October 15, 2010. Retrieved on 2019-04-01.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Blau (1981). The Renaissance of Modern Hebrew and Modern Standard Arabic: Parallels and Differences in the Revival of Two Semitic Languages (in en). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09548-9.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Asụsụ Ochie: Eliezer Ben Yehuda na Asụsụ Hibru nke Oge A. The Hague, Netherlands: Atụrụ. 1973. ISBN 90-279-2495-3
- St. John (1952). Tongue of the Prophets. The Life Story of Eliezer Ben Yehuda. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company Inc.. ISBN 0-8371-2631-2.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndụ Eliezer Ben Yehuda. Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi, mpịakọta abụọ, (Hibru).
- Ilan Stavans, Mbilite n'Ọnwụ Hibru. (2008).
- Elyada, Ouzi Akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama nke Hibru: Ọmụmụ na Mmepe na Ottoman Palestine, London na NY, Routledge, 2019 (Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ben-Yehuda's Press)
- Hassan (2018). "Ben-Yehuda in his Ottoman Milieu: Jerusalem's Public Sphere as Reflected in the Hebrew Newspaper Ha-Tsevi, 1884–1915", Ordinary Jerusalem, 1840–1940, 330–351. DOI:10.1163/9789004375741_021. ISBN 9789004375741.