Elisabeth Croll
Elisabeth Joan "Lisa" Croll, CMG (21 Septemba 1944 - 3 Ọktoba 2007) bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na New Zealand. A maara ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ nke mbụ gara leta obodo ndị China n'oge omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ọ sie ike ịbanye na obodo maka ndị mba ọzọ. Croll bipụtara akwụkwọ gbasara isiokwu a wee nwee ọtụtụ mkpakọrịta obere oge na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ United Nations na otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị.
Ndụ mbido
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Croll Elizabeth Sprackett n'ime ime obodo New Zealand nke Reefton na South Island nke obodo na 21 Septemba 1944. [1] [2] Nna ya, onye ụkọchukwu Presbyterian, si n'ebe dara ogbenye, ebe ezinụlọ nne ya na-etinye aka na ntọala nke mahadum mbụ nke New Zealand. [2] [3] Ha na China nwere njikọ site na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na nna ya na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ China na-arụ ọrụ na mmalite 1960, gụnyere oge ọnwa atọ na Hong Kong. Nne na nna Croll mere ka ọ nwee ịhụnanya maka akwụkwọ na mmụta ogologo ndụ ya niile, yana oke ọrụ. [3] Ọ họọrọ ka a kpọọ ya "Lisa". [4] Croll gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Christchurch, [5] wee mụọ maka nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Master of Arts History na Mahadum Canterbury . [1] Na 1962, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Sydney. [2] Croll họọrọ ịnọgide na New Zealand n'ihi na ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ wee zute Jim Croll onye ọ lụrụ na 1966. [2] [5] Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Nicholas na Katherine. [1] Ya na Jim kwagara London ka enyechara ya nkuzi nkuzi na injinia obodo na mahadum mahadum. [3] [4] Croll gụsịrị akwụkwọ na SOAS, Mahadum London na Master of Arts na Far Eastern Studies na Dọkịta nke Philosophy degree na Chinese anthropology na 1977. [2] [5] Oge ya na mahadum nyere ya ohere ịzụlite mmasị na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na China. [1]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ mere njem nyocha izu abụọ n'ime ime obodo China, ma bụrụ onye ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ nke mbụ rutere n'ime obodo mgbe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ndị mba ọzọ banye na obodo siri ike. Croll nwetara ntụkwasị obi nke ndị China, na-enye ohere ka ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ibe ya soro nzọụkwụ ya. [3] Njem ogologo oge na mba ahụ agaghị ekwe omume n'oge ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na SOAS. [2] O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya bụ Feminism and Socialism in China na 1978, wee malite ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị China. Akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Croll, Politics of Marriage in Contemporary China nke e bipụtara na 1981, wetara ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmadụ gbasara mgbanwe ọchịchị. Ọ tụrụ aro ka mgbanwe alụm di na nwunye nke gọọmentị China dabere na mkpebi efu na nha anya mmekọahụ ga-esi ike ịmanye yana esemokwu n'etiti ndị agadi na steeti ga-emepụta. O mechara dee akwụkwọ bụ Food in the Domestic Economy in China (1983), Chinese Women Since Mao (1984) na China's One-Child Family Policy and Women and Rural Development na China na 1985. [3]
Croll nwere ọtụtụ mkpakọrịta nke obere oge na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ China Contemporary, SOAS's Department of Anthropology, University of Sussex 's Institute of Development Studies, Oxford Department of International Development, Wolfson College, Oxford, Mahadum Princeton na International Institute of Social Studies . [1] A họpụtara ya onye nkuzi SOAS na mmụta gbasara mmadụ na 1990, [5] wee bụrụ onye nkuzi ya ka otu afọ gachara. Croll ghọrọ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na 1993, tupu ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ China na 1995. [1] Croll malitere usoro mmụta mmepe gbasara mmadụ, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na United Kingdom wee rịọ ka itinye ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmemme ahụ. [5] N'ime oge ahụ, o dere akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ a na-akpọ Site n'Eluigwe ruo Ụwa: Foto na Ahụmahụ nke Mmepe na China na 1993, [3] na Ịgbanwe Identities nke Ụmụ nwanyị China: nkwupụta okwu, ahụmahụ na nghọta onwe onye na China narị afọ nke 20 ka afọ abụọ gasịrị. [2] Croll bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ oge niile maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche nke United Nations, gụnyere International Labour Organisation, World Bank, Ford Foundation, Department for International Development, Food and Agriculture Organisation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, UNICEF na ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-abụghị ndị gọọmenti. [1] [2]
Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ na ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ na All-China Women's Federation na okwu metụtara okike, [1] ma tinye aka na mkpọsa iji gosipụta okwu gbasara ụmụ agbọghọ na-efu efu na ụmụ nwanyị na-achọghị na China na Asia. [5] Croll dụrụ ndị ọchịchị obodo ọdụ n'ihe gbasara mbelata ịda ogbenye, mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na Royal Society of Asian Affairs, ọ bụ onye isi ya, osote onye isi oche nke Great Britain-China Center . [2] A họpụtara Croll ka ọ bụrụ Kansụl Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Tokyo na 1998. [1] Emechara họpụta ya osote onye isi oche ya na 2002, tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi oche afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Croll tọrọ ntọala oche nke Center of Chinese Studies ma bụrụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Nkà Mmụta Mmepe ya. A họpụtara ya osote onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ SOAS nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche maka Mmekọrịta Mpụga. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya China's New Consumers: Social Development and Domestic Demand n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2006. [2] Croll nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na 3 October 2007 na London. [1] [3] Ọ ga-anata CMG n'aka Queen na 10 October "maka ọrụ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, karịsịa n'ịkwalite nghọta nke mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na China", mana n'ihi ọnwụ ya, nwa ya nwanyị natara ya n'aha Croll. [2]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Battalion ụmụ nwanyị Guangxi
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Davin. "Elisabeth Croll", The Guardian, 10 October 2007. Retrieved on 3 October 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "guardianobituary" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Evans. "Professor Elisabeth Croll", The Independent, 16 October 2016. Retrieved on 3 October 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "independentobituary" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Professor Elisabeth Croll; Obituary", The Times, 16 October 2007, p. 54. Retrieved on 3 October 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "timesobituary" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 (2008) "Obituary: Professor Elisabeth Joan Croll, CMG – Member of the Council of the Society 2000–2007". Asian Affairs 39 (1): 168–169. DOI:10.1080/03068370701792103. ISSN 0306-8374.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Professor Elisabeth Croll", The Daily Telegraph, 18 October 2007. Retrieved on 3 October 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "dtobituary" defined multiple times with different content