Elizabeth Mafekeng
.png)
Elizabeth Mafekeng (18 Septemba 1918 – 28 Mee 2009) bụ onye ndu otu ndị ọrụ South Africa na onye na-akwado mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ . Ọ bụ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ gọọmentị machiri.
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mafekeng mụrụ na Tarkastad, obere obodo dị n'etiti Queenstown na Cradock, Eastern Capeon 18 Septemba 1918. Nna ya, Andries, nwụrụ n'otu afọ ahụ. Ọ bụ nke ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụ ise na mgbe nna ya nwụrụ, ezinụlọ ahụ hapụrụ Tarkastad na nne ya Kathrine gara ọrụ na Kimberley ịzụlite ezinụlọ ya. Ezinụlọ Mafekeng wee biri na Aliwal North, ebe Elizabeth nọgidere na nne nne ya, Marther Mafekeng, onye zụrụ ya.
Ezinụlọ Mafekeng hapụrụ Aliwal North, Eastern Cape maka Huguenot na Western Cape, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka agba agba n'ihi na enweghị ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka Africa. Mgbe ọ ruru ọkọlọtọ 2, e zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Africa dị na Cape Town ebe ọ malitere ruo mgbe ọ ruru Standard 7. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, n'ihi ịda ogbenye ya, Mafekeng ga-ahapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ wee gaa ọrụ iji kwado ezinụlọ ya. [1]
Na 1932, Mafekeng rụrụ ọrụ na H Jones na Co, ụlọ ọrụ canning na Paarl ebe ọ na-ehicha basins nke mkpụrụ osisi maka 75c kwa izu ụka. Ọ diri ogologo oge ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma. Na 1938, Elizabeth lụrụ onye ọrụ ibe ya Henry Moffat Mdityana. Di na nwunye a biri na ụmụ ha iri na otu, ụmụ nwoke atọ na ụmụ nwanyị asatọ, n'otu ọnụ ụlọ dị na Barbarossa Street, Paarl ruo mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na 1959. [2]
Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mafekeng malitere na 1941, mgbe otu Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) nyere aka hazie Food and Canning Workers Union na kwalite ọnọdụ ọrụ. Mafekeng dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ sonyeere òtù abụọ ahụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa na onye otu kọmitii. Ọ nọgidere na FCWU ruo 1947, mgbe iwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mere ka otu ahụ kewaa n'òtù abụọ dị iche iche nke agbụrụ, FCWU na African Food and Canning Workers' Union (AFCWU). Gọọmenti apartheid South Africa gafere iwu mmechi nke Kọmunist nke machibidoro CPSA na 1950. N'afọ 1952, Mafekeng sonyeere na African National Congress (ANC) na-edu Defiance Campaign. [3]
Na Jenụwarị 1954, Mafekeng duuru otu ndị ọrụ nri na nri nri nke Africa (AFCWU) na Wolseley maka ụgwọ ọrụ dị elu yana ọnọdụ ọrụ ka mma. A na-egbu oge niile n'ime obodo ịkụ azụ na Namaqualand, ya bụ Lambert's Bay Worcester, Montague, Daljosaphat, Paarl na Wellington. Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke AFCWU ma ziga ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchiteanya na ọgbakọ ntọala nke Federation of South African Women na Johannesburg. Mafekeng ghọkwara odeakwụkwọ nke otu ndị ọrụ nri n'otu afọ ahụ. [4]
N'afọ 1955, Mafekeng bụ onye nnọchite anya ndị ọrụ nri South Africa site n'otu ndị ọrụ nri na ndị na-eri nri na Congress of the Food and Canning Workers nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Tobacco haziri na Sofia. Mafekeng hapụrụ Saụt Afrịka na nzuzo na "nwogharị dị ka ohu," na-enweghị paspọtụ. [5] Na Sofia, o kwuru na ya "detụrụ ezi ọgwụgwọ mmadụ na nke mbụ ya n'enweghị ịkpa ókè ọ bụla." [5] Mgbe ọ laghachiri South Africa, ọ chere obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii ihu na ajụjụ gbasara azụmahịa ya na Sofia. [6] Ekwuru na ọ masịrị ọgbakọ ahụ nke ukwuu, wee họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche ọgbakọ ahụ. Ọ gakwara Britain, Sweden na China. [3]
"Rocky" dị ka a maara Mafekeng na ndị ọrụ otu ndị ahịa, na-ekere òkè na mgbasa ozi £ 1-A-Day nke South African Congress of Trade Unions haziri, sonye na ngalaba Paarl nke ANC Women's League wee họpụta ya dị ka onye isi oche ya na 1957. [3]
Nchụpụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 11 Nọvemba 1959, ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ jere ozi Mafekeng na iwu mbula (mmachibido iwu) obere oge ka o duchara ihe ngosi na Paarl megide mgbalị inyefe ụmụ nwanyị Africa akwụkwọ ikike. Mafekeng, onye bụ nwanyị Africa mbụ a machibidoro iwu, chụpụrụ na Southey na nso Vryburg na Northern Cape. [7] Ọ gbagara Lesotho bụ́ ebe ọ na-atachi obi n’ọnọdụ ndị tara akpụ nakwa n’ebe ụmụ ya na di ya nọ.
N'afọ 1990, Mafekeng laghachiri na South Africa ebe ọ nọgidere na-etinye aka na otu ndị ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ihi ọrịa. [6] Ndị otu Food and Canning Workers Union (FCWU) rụrụ ya ụlọ n'obodo Mbekweni na Paarl . [6] Ọ nwụrụ na Mee 28, 2009. [6]
Ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enyere Mafekeng onyinye Meritorious Posthumously. [6]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta ndị mmadụ nọ n'okpuru mmachibido iwu n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Elizabeth Mafekeng. WITS Historical Papers. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.
- ↑ Elizabeth Mafekeng. South Africa History Online. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 (2 February 2012) Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University. ISBN 9780195382075. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.
- ↑ Elizabeth Mafekeng. Food and Allied Workers Union. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Women Play a Leading Role. South African History Online. Retrieved on 13 September 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Elizabeth Mafekeng. South African History Online (17 February 2011). Retrieved on 13 September 2016.
- ↑ "She's Trouble Without Precedent", The Kansas City Tijmes, 8 December 1959. Retrieved on 13 September 2016.