Francis Guthrie
Francis Guthrie (amụrụ na 22 Jenụwarị 1831 na London; nwụrụ na 19 Ọktoba 1899 na Claremont, Cape Town)bụ ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke Cape Colony, onye buru ụzọ wepụta Nsogbu Agba Anọ n'afọ 1852. Ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ n'okpuru Augustus De Morgan, gụọkwa nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ n'okpuru John Lindley na Mahadum College London. Guthrie nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.A. na 1850, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta LL.B. na 1852 na akara ugo mmụta mbụ. Mgbe ọ na-agba map nke ógbè England agba, ọ hụrụ na ọ dịkarịa ala agba anọ achọrọ ka mpaghara abụọ nwere ókèala ha bụrụ otu agba. O chere na agba anọ ga-ezuru iji tee map ọ bụla agba.[1] A maara nke a dị ka Nsogbu Agba Anọ, ma nọgide na-abụ otu n'ime nsogbu ndị a ma ama na-edozighị na nkọwapụta eserese ruo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ ruo mgbe emesịrị gosipụta ya na 1976 site na iji ihe akaebe dị ogologo nke Appel na Haken.[2]
Guthrie rutere South Africa na 10 Eprel 1861 ma Dr Dale (mgbe e mesịrị Sir Langham Dale) zutere ya ma mee ya obi ụtọ, onye nyere aka guzobe Mahadum nke Cape of Good Hope na June 1873. Guthrie weghaara ọkwa nke masta mgbakọ na mwepụ na Graaff-Reinet College. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, o nyere nkuzi ọha na eze a ma ama banyere ihe ọkụkụ na 1862 wee si otú a malite ọbụbụenyi ndụ ya na onye bi n'ógbè ahụ bụ Harry Bolus. Ọ dụrụ Bolus ọdụ ka ọ malite ịmụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ iji belata iru uju ya mgbe nwa ya nwoke dị afọ isii nwụrụ. Mgbe Bolus hapụrụ Cape Town afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, o mere ka Guthrie kwenye ịkwaga ebe ahụ na 1875. Ruo oge ụfọdụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bar ma dezie akwụkwọ akụkọ tupu ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na South African College, nke mesịrị ghọọ Mahadum Cape Town. Ọ nọgidere n'ebe ahụ site na 1876 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1898, na-anọ n'ugbo ya na Raapenberg.
Mgbe Bolus malitere ime ezinụlọ [./<i id= Erica" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae] maka Flora Capensis, ọ rịọrọ enyemaka Guthrie ma ha rụkọtara ọrụ ruo mgbe Guthrie nwụrụ. Tupu ọnwụ ya, Guthrie mere nchịkọta dị ukwuu nke osisi Cape Peninsula, nke e mechara tinye dị ka Guthrie Herbarium na Mahadum nke Cape Town Botany Department, ma jiri ya maka nkuzi na ntụaka. Ọ bụ ezie na Guthrie adịghị ndụ ịhụ ọrụ ahụ e bipụtara, o nwere afọ ojuju nke ịmara na emechaala akụkụ ka ukwuu nke ọrụ Erica. E liri ya n'ebe ili ozu ochie dị na St. Thomas's Church na Rondebosch.
A kọwara ya dị ka onye nwere obi ọma, onye na-eme ihe ọchị, onye nwere ndidi, na onye na-enweghị nkọwa. Ihe ndị ọ na-achọ dị iche iche ma malite na nkuzi isiokwu ya bụ, "Okpomọkụ nke Anyanwụ na South Africa", ebe o kwuru na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịgbanwe ike anyanwụ ka ọ bụrụ ike igwe, ruo na ụgbọ elu, ebe o tinyere aka na mmepe nke ụgbọelu mbụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a kpọrọ ya onye mepụtara igwe mbụ na-efe efe, ọ dịghị akwụkwọ ọ bụla gbasara ọrụ ya.
A na-akpọ ụfọdụ ụdị Fynbos sitere na mpaghara Bredasdorp aha ya: Gladiolus guthriei, Erica guthriei na Homoglossum guthriei. A gụrụ Cyrtanthus Guthriea aha nwa ya nwanyị Louisa Guthrie, onye bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụ Harry Bolus si Oudeberg na mpaghara Graaff-Reinet chịkọtara ụdị ọhụrụ Guthriea, ma dekọọkwa ya na Wittebergen na mpaghara Barkly East na Mont-aux-Sources na Natal. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị ụdị ọzọ a hụrụ n'ụdị a.
Guthrie bụ onye otu mbụ nke South African Philosophical Society (mgbe e mesịrị Royal Society of South Africa), onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Meteorological Commission na onye nyocha nke Mahadum Cape.
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Wilson (2014). Four colors suffice: how the map problem was solved, Revised color, Princeton science library, Princeton (N. J.): Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15822-8.
- ↑ Appel (1989). Every Planar Map is Four Colorable, Contemporary Mathematics (in en). American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-5103-6.