Gas marsh

Marsh gas, nke a makwaara dị ka swamp gas ma ọ bụ gas gas, bụ ngwakọta nke methane na obere hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, na trace phosphine nke a na-emepụta n'onwe ya n'ime ụfọdụ ala mmiri, swamps, na bogs.

N'elu ala apiti, swamps, na bogs bụ ahịhịa na-asọ asọ nke na-ere ere ka ọ bụrụ ihe jikọrọ ọnụ nke na-egbochi ikuku oxygen iru ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a. Nke ahụ bụ ọnọdụ nke na-enye ohere mgbaze anaerobic na gbaa ụka nke ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ọ bụla, nke na-emepụta methane.

^[1]Anthony (2016). "Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas" (in en). Nature 535 (7612): 363–365. DOI:10.1038/535363a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27443738. </ref>Methane tọrọ atọ nwere ike gbanarị n'ụzọ atọ bụ isi: site na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ methane n'ofe ikuku-mmiri, site n'ịpụpụ na mmiri n'usoro a maara dị ka ebullition, ma ọ bụ site na njem mgbasa ozi osisi.

Ọdịdị nke methane

Methane bụ gas bụ isi nke mejupụtara ngwaahịa a na-akpọ "marsh gas". Ọtụtụ n'ime methane biogenic mepụtara na okike sitere na ma ọ bụ acetate cleavage ma ọ bụ site na mbelata hydrogen nke carbon dioxide. methanogens nwekwara ike ịmepụta methane, archaea nke na-emepụta methane n'okpuru ọnọdụ anoxic, na usoro a maara dị ka methanogenesis. Methanogenic genres Methanosarcin bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu marsh. A maara ha abụọ ka ha na-akpali mmepụta methane na apịtị mmiri ma jiri acetate, methanol, na trimethylamine dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta methane.^[2]

Ụzọ mgbapụ

Ala mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ otu n'ime isi iyi kachasị nke ikuku methane. Methane a, nke a na-emepụta site na ire ure nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi anoxic, na-agbapụ site na mgbasa ma ọ bụ mgbasa, usoro nke na-emekarị n'abalị, ọsụsọ, ma ọ bụ njem nke osisi.

Methane gas na-apụ site na ụzọ atọ: ọsụsọ (bubbling), njem nke osisi, na mgbasa.

A na-achịkwa usoro mgbasa ahụ site na ịgafe gas gafee ikuku na mmiri.^[1] Enwere ike ime ka mgbasa ahụ dị ngwa ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo ike site na ịrị elu, dị ka mmegharị sitere na turbulent eddies, na usoro ịjụ oyi. N'abalị, a na-ewepụta okpomọkụ site n'elu mmiri site na radiation. Mmiri oyi na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbada, na-ebugharị mmiri na-ekwo ọkụ ma na-eme ka ọgba aghara. Ihe ndị a na-agbanye methane a gbazere agbaze n'ime mmiri ma na-eme ka methane na-aga n'ikuku. A na-akpọ usoro a hydrodynamic transport, ọ na-akpata ihe karịrị ọkara nke methane na-agafe n'abalị yana 32% nke methane kwa afọ site na gburugburu ala mmiri.^[3]Poindexter (2016). "The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 43 (12): 6276–6284. DOI:10.1002/2016GL068782. ISSN 1944-8007. </ref>

Ebullition, nke a makwaara dị ka bubbling, bụ ụdị njem otu ụzọ nke gas site na ihe oriri bara ụba, gaa na kọlụm mmiri, wee gaa na ikuku. Ọ bụ usoro dị mkpa maka mgbanwe gas na mmiri dị ọcha na gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri ma amaara na ọ na-arị elu n'ehihie na okpomọkụ. A kọọrọ na ọ na-akpata 45% nke methane na-aga kwa afọ maka marshes mmiri dị ọcha ^[3] nakwa na ọ dị mkpa karịa n'ọnwa oge okpomọkụ n'ehihie ma nwee ike ịmalite site na ikuku na-abawanye.

Otu n'ime ụdị ahịhịa a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu marsh bụ Spartina. Sparta ndị a na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị na-eji usoro njem gas dị na ogwe osisi na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi. Usoro mbufe gas na-arụ ọrụ site na mgbasa gas nke na-eme site na blades akwụkwọ wee gbadaa n'ime isi osisi kachasị anya. Usoro njem a zuru ezu iji nye mkpa iku ume niile nke mgbọrọgwụ ahịhịa ma nyekwa aka mee ka apịtị gbara ya gburugburu.^[4]

Hụkwa

Mmiri na-adịghị mma
Firedamp, nke a na-emepụta n'ụzọ okike n'Ebe a na-egwupụta coal
Ala mmiri
Gas a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, nke a na-emepụta n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi ebe a na-ahapụ ihe mkpofu obodo.
Michigan "swamp gas" akụkọ UFO
Gas sitere n'okike
Gas na-ekpofu ahịhịa
Mmiri na-esi n'ala mmiri apụta
Will-o'-the-wisp, ọkụ ndị dị omimi nke methane na gas ndị ọzọ kpatara

Edensibịa

1 2 Anthony (2016). "Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas" (in en). Nature 535 (7612): 363–365. DOI:10.1038/535363a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27443738. Anthony, Katey Walter; MacIntyre, Sally (2016). "Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas". Nature. 535 (7612): 363–365. doi:10.1038/535363a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27443738. S2CID 4455298.
↑ Oremland (1982). "Methane production and simultaneous sulphate reduction in anoxic, salt marsh sediments" (in en). Nature 296 (5853): 143–145. DOI:10.1038/296143a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
1 2 Poindexter (2016). "The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 43 (12): 6276–6284. DOI:10.1002/2016GL068782. ISSN 1944-8007. Poindexter, Cristina M.; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Knox, Sara Helen; Variano, Evan A. (2016). "The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (12): 6276–6284. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.6276P. doi:10.1002/2016GL068782. ISSN 1944-8007. S2CID 131801158.
↑ Teal (1966). "Gas Transport in the Marsh Grass, Spartina alterniflora". Journal of Experimental Botany 17 (2): 355–361. DOI:10.1093/jxb/17.2.355. ISSN 0022-0957.

[:2-1] 1 2 Anthony (2016). "Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas" (in en). Nature 535 (7612): 363–365. DOI:10.1038/535363a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27443738. Anthony, Katey Walter; MacIntyre, Sally (2016). "Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas". Nature. 535 (7612): 363–365. doi:10.1038/535363a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27443738. S2CID 4455298.

[:3-2] Oremland (1982). "Methane production and simultaneous sulphate reduction in anoxic, salt marsh sediments" (in en). Nature 296 (5853): 143–145. DOI:10.1038/296143a0. ISSN 1476-4687.

[:12-3] 1 2 Poindexter (2016). "The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 43 (12): 6276–6284. DOI:10.1002/2016GL068782. ISSN 1944-8007. Poindexter, Cristina M.; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Knox, Sara Helen; Variano, Evan A. (2016). "The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (12): 6276–6284. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.6276P. doi:10.1002/2016GL068782. ISSN 1944-8007. S2CID 131801158.

[:02-4] Teal (1966). "Gas Transport in the Marsh Grass, Spartina alterniflora". Journal of Experimental Botany 17 (2): 355–361. DOI:10.1093/jxb/17.2.355. ISSN 0022-0957.

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