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Gaucho

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Gaucho si Argentina, nke e sere na Peru, 1868

A gaucho (es ) ma ọ bụ gaúcho (pt ) bụ onye nwere nkà, onye a na-ewere dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye na-adịghị akwụwa aka ọtọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gaucho bụ ihe nnọchianya nke Argentina, Paraguay, [1] Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul na Brazil, akụkụ ndịda Bolivia, [2] na ndịda Chilean Patagonia . [ 3 ] Gauchos ghọrọ onye a masịrị nke ukwuu na ama ama n'akụkọ akụkọ, akụkọ ọdịnala, na akwụkwọ wee bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịnala mpaghara ha. Malite ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, ka ụbọchị gauchos gachara, ndị odee South America na-eme ememe ha.

Dị ka akwụkwọ Diccionario de la lengua española si kwuo, n'echiche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme gaucho bụ " mestizo onye, na narị afọ nke 18 na 19, bi Argentina, Uruguay, na Rio Grande do Sul na Brazil, bụrụkwa onye na-agba ịnyịnya na-akwagharị, ma nwee nkà n'ọrụ ehi". [ 4 ] Na Argentina na Uruguay taa, gaucho nwere ike na-ezo aka ọ bụla "mba mmadụ, ahụmahụ na omenala ugbo ugbo". [ 4 ] N'ihi na a na-ewere gauchos nke akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị nwere obi ike, ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị akwụsi ike, a na-etinyekwa okwu ahụ n'ụzọ ihe atụ nke pụtara "onye mara mma, onye nwere obi ike na onye na-emesapụ aka", kamakwa "onye nwere nkà na aghụghọ aghụghọ, onye aghụghọ". [ 4 ] N'asụsụ Portuguese okwu gaúcho pụtara "onye bi na mbara ọzara Rio Grande do Sul ma ọ bụ Pampas nke Argentina nke Europe na ụmụ amaala America nke na-etinye onwe ya n'ịzụ anụ na ịzụ ehi na ịnyịnya"; gaúcho enwetawokwa akara ngosi metonymic na Brazil, nke pụtara onye ọ bụla, ọbụlagodi onye bi n'obodo mepere emepe, onye bụ nwa amaala steeti Rio Grande do Sul. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]

Etymology

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Atụpụtala ọtụtụ nkọwa, mana ọ nweghị onye maara n'ezie ka okwu ahụ bụ "gaucho" siri malite. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Ugbua na 1933 onye odee gụrụ 36 dị iche iche chepụtara; [ 9 ] n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ihe karịrị iri ise. [ 10 ] Ha nwere ike gbasaa n'ihi na "enweghị akwụkwọ ọ bụla nke ga-edozi mmalite ya na oge ọ bụla, ebe ma ọ bụ asụsụ". [ 11 ]

Echiche myirịta

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Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha yiri ka a gbakọtara site n'ịchọta okwu nke dị ka gaucho na iche na ọ gbanwere n'ụdị ọ dị ugbu a, ikekwe n'amaghị na e nwere iwu ndị mara mma nke na-akọwa otú asụsụ na okwu si agbasa n'ezie ka oge na-aga. Ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara gbasara mmadụ bụ Joan Corominas kwuru na ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ndị a erughị eru ka a kparịta ụka. N'ime nkọwa ndị a, Rona kwuru na ọ bụ naanị #5, #8 na #9 ka a ga-eji kpọrọ ihe. [ 12 ]

Some proposed explanations for "gaucho"
# Proposer Alleged root and evolution Objection(s) Discussed in
1 Emeric Essex Vidal Same root as English gawky (awkward, uncouth) Earliest theory (1820), dismissed as "humorous"Templeeti:Efn Paullada 1961;[3] Trifilo 1964[4]
2 Monlau and Diez French gauche (rough, uncouth) > Argentine gaucho. French little spoken in region. Paullada 1961[3]
3 Emilio Daireaux Arabic chauch (herder) > Andalusian Spanish chaucho > guttural Amerindian gaucho Sp. chaucho is unattested.Templeeti:Efn That Indians could not have pronounced "chaucho" is untenable.Templeeti:Efn Groussac 1904;[5] Paullada 1961;[6] Trifilo 1964;[7] Gibson 1892;[8]
4 Rodolfo Lenz Pehuenche cachu (friend) or Araucanian kauchu (astute man) > Argentine gaucho No proof that it was not the other way round Paullada 1961;[6] Hollinger 1928[9]
5 Martiniano LeguizamónTempleeti:Efn Quichua huajcho or wáhča (orphan, abandoned, maverick) > colonial Sp. guacho > Arg. gaucho by metathesis Guacho > gaucho is an improbable metathesis.Templeeti:Efn Theory does not explain Braz. gaúcho Groussac 1893;[10] Groussac 1904;[11] Paullada 1961;[12] Rona 1964;[13]
6 Vicuña Mackenna Chilean Quichua or Araucanian guaso (modern sp.huaso) (countryman or cowboy) > guacho > gaucho Same as #5. Hollinger 1928[14]
7 Lehmann-Nitsche Gitano (i.e. Sp. Romani) gachó (foreigner) > Andalusian gachó (bohemian, wanderer) > Arg. gaucho or Braz. gaúcho Transition unexplained Lehmann-Nitsche 1928[15]
8 Paul Groussac Lat. gaudeo (I enjoy) > Sp. gauderio (peasant, one who enjoys life) > Urug. gauderio (low person, cattle rustler) > derisive *gauduchoTempleeti:Efn > gaúcho and gaucho *Gauducho unattested, linguistically improbable. Unlikely transition to gaucho Groussac 1904;[16] Paullada 1961;[17] Hollinger 1928;[18] Rona 1964[19]
9 Buenaventura Caviglia, Jr *GarruchoTempleeti:Efn (supp. from Sp. garrocha, a cattle pole) > gaúcho, "under negroid influence" > gaucho Cattle pole origin implausible speculation; negroid theory untenable Rona 1964[20]
10 Fernando O. AssunçãoTempleeti:Efn Learned Sp. gaucho (in math. & architecture, "not level", "warped") Elite technical word unknown to the masses Assunção 2011;[21] Hollinger 1928.[22]
Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Río de la Plata

Ụzọ dị iche bụ ịtụle na okwu ahụ nwere ike ịmalite n'ebe ugwu Río de la Plata, bụ ebe asụsụ ụmụ amaala dị nnọọ iche ma nwee mmetụta Portuguese. Eziokwu abụọ nke tiori ọ bụla nwere ike ịkọwa maka ya bụ:

  • Okwu a dị n'ụdị abụọ: Port. gaúcho na Sp. gaucho, ma ogologo oge gbara akaebe.
  • A na-akpọbu Gauchos aha n'aha na ndekọ ndị ọchịchị Spanish maka Uruguay nke oge a, mgbe mgbe n'ihe gbasara ịkwaga Brazil (lee n'okpuru, Origins). Ya mere Azara dere (ihe dịka 1784):

N'ihi ya, onye na-asụ asụsụ Uruguayan José Pedro Rona chere na a ga-achọ mmalite nke okwu ahụ "na mpaghara oke n'etiti Spanish na Portuguese, nke na-esi n'ebe ugwu Uruguay gaa n'ógbè Argentine nke Corrientes na mpaghara Brazil n'etiti ha". [ 32 ]

Rona, onye amụrụ n'onwe ya na mpaghara asụsụ na tupu Oké Mgbukpọ nke Europe, [ i ] bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'echiche nke oke asụsụ, wee mụọ olumba nke ugwu Uruguay ebe Portuguese na Spanish na-ejikọta ọnụ. [ 33 ] Rona chere na, n'ime ụdị abụọ ahụ - gaúcho na gaucho - nke mbụ nwere ike ịbịa na mbụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe dị mma na asụsụ gaúcho ka ọ na-amalite site na ụda olu-agbanwe gaa gáucho, karịa ụzọ ọzọ gburugburu. [ 34 ] Ya mere, nsogbu ahụ rutere n'ịkọwa ebe gaúcho si malite.

Ngosipụta mbụ nke gaucho Uruguayan ( Emeric Essex Vidal, Picturesque Illustrations of Buenos Ayres na Monte Video, 1820)

N'ihe banyere nke ahụ, Rona chere na gaúcho sitere na ugwu Uruguay, wee si na garrucho, okwu mkparị nwere ike ịbụ nke Charrua sitere, nke pụtara ihe dị ka "ochie indian" ma ọ bụ "onye na-eleda anya", a na-ahụkwa ya n'ezie na ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Otú ọ dị n'asụsụ Portuguese nke dị n'ebe ugwu Uruguay, a naghị akpọ fọnịm /rr/ n'ụzọ dị mfe, a na-asụkwa ya dị ka /h/ (na-ada ụda dị ka English h). [ 38 ] Ya mere, a ga-asụgharị garrucho dị ka gahucho, na n'ezie onye France na-ahụ maka ọdịdị ọdịdị Augustin Saint-Hilaire, na-eme njem na Uruguay n'oge ọgba aghara Artigas, dere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya (16 October 1820):

Ihe atụ

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Gaucho n'akụkụ ụfọdụ yiri ndị otu ime obodo nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ndị ọzọ, omenala ndị dabeere na ịnyịnya dị ka North America cowboy ( vaquero na Spanish), huaso nke Central Chile, Peruvian chalan ma ọ bụ morochuco, Venezuelan na Colombian llanero, Ecuadorian chagra, Hawaiian paniolo, [ 143 ] charro nke Mexico, na ndị Portuguese campino, vaqueiro ma ọ bụ ọbụna caubói .

Na omenala ewu ewu

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  • Martín Fierro is a 2,316-line epic poem by the Argentine writer José Hernández on the life of the eponymous gaucho.
  • La Vuelta de Martín Fierro (1879) is the sequel.
  • The Jewish Gauchos is a 1910 novel by Alberto Gerchunoff about Jewish gauchos in Argentina. It was adapted into a film, Los Gauchos judíos, in 1975.
  • The Gaucho was a 1927 film starring Douglas Fairbanks.
  • Gauchos of El Dorado was a 1941 American Western Three Mesquiteers B-movie directed by Lester Orlebeck.
  • La Guerra Gaucha was a 1942 Argentine film set during the Gaucho war against Spanish royalists in Salta, northern Argentina, in 1817. It is considered a classic of Argentine cinema.
  • The third segment of Disney's 1942 animated feature package film, Saludos Amigos, is titled "El Gaucho Goofy", where American cowboy Goofy gets taken mysteriously to the Argentine Pampas to learn the ways of the native gaucho.
  • Way of a Gaucho 1952 film starring Gene Tierney and Rory Calhoun.
  • El Fin, a short story by Jorge Luis Borges (1953), is about the death of José Hernández's eponymous protagonist.
  • Martín Fierro (1968) was an Argentine film based on the same character.
  • Gaucho is the name of the 1980 album by American jazz fusion band Steely Dan, which featured a song by the same name.
  • Inodoro Pereyra by Roberto Fontanarrosa is an Argentine comics series about a gaucho.
  • Gaucho is the name of a song by the Dave Matthews Band on the 2012 album Away From the World.
  • The Gaucho is the University of California Santa Barbara mascot.

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

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Hụkwa

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  • Onye ọchụnta ego
  • Gaucho atụrụ
  • Criollo ịnyịnya
  • Cowboy
  • Sertanejos
  • Caipira

Ihe ndetu

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  1. ↑ Folklore Paraguayo (es). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Paraguay (August 22, 2022). Retrieved on 2024-07-17.
  2. ↑ Tribuno. El Tribuno. El Tribuno.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Paullada 1961, p. 152.
  4. ↑ Trifilo 1964, p. 397 n.9.
  5. ↑ Groussac 1904, p. 410.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Paullada 1961, p. 153.
  7. ↑ Trifilo 1964, p. 396.
  8. ↑ Gibson 1892, p. 436.
  9. ↑ Hollinger 1928, p. 17.
  10. ↑ Groussac 1893, p. 12.
  11. ↑ Groussac 1904, pp. 407–416.
  12. ↑ Paullada 1961, pp. 153–4.
  13. ↑ Rona 1964, pp. 88, 90.
  14. ↑ Hollinger 1928, pp. 17–18.
  15. ↑ Lehmann-Nitsche 1928, pp. 105–5.
  16. ↑ Groussac 1904, pp. 410–4.
  17. ↑ Paullada 1961, p. 151.
  18. ↑ Hollinger 1928, pp. 18–19.
  19. ↑ Rona 1964, p. 91.
  20. ↑ Rona 1964, pp. 88, 92, 95.
  21. ↑ Assunção 2011, 4135-4283.
  22. ↑ Hollinger 1928, p. 16.

Ntụaka

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Akwụkwọ akụkọ

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Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Mounted stock herders

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