Henry Sweet
Henry Sweet (15 Septemba 1845 - 30 Eprel 1912) bụ onye na-amụ asụsụ, onye na-ahụ maka ụdaolu na onye na-amụ ụtọ asụsụ nke bekee
Dị ka o bu onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ọ bụ ọkachamara n'asụsụ German, kachasị bekee nke ochie na Old Norse. Na mgbakwunye, Sweet bipụtara ọrụ na nnukwu okwu nke phonetics na ụtọ asụsụ na nkuzi asụsụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ya anọgidewo na-enwe mmetụta, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya ka na-ebipụta, a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ederede na kọleji na mahadum.
Ndụ na ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Henry Sweet na St Pancras, London. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bruce Castle School na King's College School, London. Na 1864, o jiri obere oge mụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Heidelberg.[1] Mgbe ọ laghachiri England, ọ were gị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa na London.[2] Afọ ise ka nke ahụ gasịrị, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ, o nwetara ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ German wee banye na Balliol College dị na Oxford.[2]
Sweet leghaara ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya anya, na-elekwasị anya n'ịchụso ịdị mma na ọmụmụ ihe onwe ya. N'oge mbụ, a matara ya n'afọ mbụ ya na Oxford, mgbe nnukwu Philological Society (nke o mechara bụrụ onye isi oche ya) bipụtara akwụkwọ ya na Old English.[2] N'afọ 1871, mgbe ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ dezigharịrị nsụgharị nke Eze Alfred nke Cura Pastoralis maka Early English Text Society (King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care: With an English Translation, the Latin Text, Notes, and an Introduction), nkọwa ya na-eguzobe ntọala maka Old English dialectology. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1873, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri atọ, na akara ugo mmụta nke anọ na Litteree humaniores.[2] Ọrụ ndị sochirinụ na Old English gụnyere An Anglo-Saxon Reader (1876), The Oldest English Texts (1885) na A Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxony (1896). [1]
Sweet, dị ka onye ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ Walter Skeat, chere na nrụgide pụrụ iche sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta German na ọmụmụ Bekee bụ ndị, na-arụkarị ọrụ na steeti, na-anọgide, ma na-esonyere comitatus nke ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, "na-etinye" ọmụmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bekee. N'ịbụ onye "ndị na-eto eto na-emepụta mmemme na-apụta kwa afọ site na mahadum ndị Germany," o chere na "ọ dịghị onye Bekee na-eme ihe nkiri nwere ike ịtụ anya ịsọ mpi na ha - ma e wezụga site na ịghọ onye Germany ma tụfuo mba ya niile"
N'afọ 1877, Sweet bipụtara A Handbook of Phonetics, nke dọtara uche mba ụwa n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị nkuzi Bekee na Europe. Ọ gara n'ihu na Elementarbuch des gesprochenen Englisch (1885), nke e mesịrị gbanwee dị ka A Primer of Spoken English (1890). [1] Nke a gụnyere nkọwa sayensị mbụ nke okwu gụrụ akwụkwọ na London, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka ịkpọpụta a nabatara, yana ụdị okwu jikọtara ọnụ na-anọchite anya na mkpụrụedemede phonetic.[1] Na mgbakwunye, ọ mepụtara ụdị mkpirisi a na-akpọ Current Shorthand, nke nwere ma orthographic na phonetic modes. Mmetụta ya na asụsụ a na-asụ na phonetics mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na nkuzi asụsụ, isiokwu nke ọ kọwapụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na The Practical Study of Languages (1899). [1] N'afọ 1901, e mere Sweet onye na-agụ fonetics na Oxford. The Sounds of English (1908) bụ akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya gbasara ịkpọpụta Bekee.[1]
Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Sweet dere gụnyere An Icelandic Primer with Grammar, Notes and Glossary (1886), The History of Language (1900), na ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ọ dezigharịrị maka Early English Text Society. Sweet tinyekwara aka nke ukwuu na akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ nke Oxford English Dictionary .
N'agbanyeghị nkwanye ùgwù ọ natara maka ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, Sweet enwetaghị ọkwa prọfesọ mahadum, eziokwu nke na-enye ya nsogbu nke ukwuu, ọ bụ ezie na a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ. O mere nke ọma dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Oxford, ọ kpasuru ọtụtụ ndị iwe site na ikwu okwu mkparị, ọ nweghịkwa mgbalị ọ bụla iji nweta nkwado gọọmentị. Mmekọrịta ya na Oxford University Press na-enwekarị nsogbu.[2]
Sweet nwụrụ na 30 Eprel 1912 na Oxford, n'ihi ụkọ ọbara; ọ hapụghị ụmụ.
Ihe ndị ọzọ na-amasị ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Who's Who, 1911, Sweet nyere ntụrụndụ ya dị ka:
Ihe Nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Sweet anọgidewo na-enwe aha dị ka "nwoke kụziri Europe phonetics". Ọrụ ya guzobere omenala asụsụ na nkuzi asụsụ nke gara n'ihu n'enweghị nkwụsịtụ ruo taa.[2]
H. C. Wyld bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede na akwụkwọ nchịkọta.
N'okwu mmalite nke egwuregwu ya nke 1913 Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw kwuru na "[Henry] Higgins abụghị onyinyo nke Sweet, onye njem Eliza Doolittle ga-agaghị ekwe omume; ka ọ dị, dịka a ga-ahụ, enwere mmetụta nke Sweet na egwuregwu ahụ. " Leslie Howard gosipụtara àgwà Higgins na ihe nkiri 1938 Pygmalion; Rex Harrison gosipụtara Henry Higgins n'ụzọ doro anya na egwu egwu egwu nke 1956 My Fair Lady na mgbanwe ihuenyo ya nke 1964.
A na-akpọ Henry Sweet Society for the History of Linguistic Ideas (nke e guzobere na 1984) aha ya. Ọ na-enwe mkparịta ụka kwa afọ, ma na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Language and History.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Charles Leslie Wrenn, 'Henry Sweet', Transactions of the Philological Society; mpịakọta. 45, peeji nke 177-201 (1946)
- Henderson, ed. (1971). The indispensable foundation: a selection from the writings of Henry Sweet. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0194370394.
- Anthony Philip Reid Howatt, H. G. Widdowson (2004). A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-442185-6.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- The Henry Sweet Society
- Works by Henry Sweet at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Henry Sweet at the Internet Archive
- Works by Henry Sweet at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Anthony Philip Reid Howatt, H. G. Widdowson (2004). A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-442185-6.
- Henry Sweet's The Principles of Spelling Reform
- An Anglo-Saxon primer Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. {Reprinted by} Cornell University Library Digital Collections