Ederede Hic Sunt Dracones na Hunt-Lenox Globe, malitere na 1504
" Lee dragons " ( Latin ) pụtara ókèala dị ize ndụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-enyochabeghị, na-eṅomi omume ochie nke itinye ihe atụ nke dragons, nnukwu anụ mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ e kere eke n'akụkọ ifo na mpaghara map ndị a na-akọwaghị ebe a na-eche na ihe egwu nwere ike ịdị. [1][2]
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ maapụ mbụ, dị ka Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, nwee ihe atụ nke ihe e kere eke akụkọ ifo maka ịchọ mma, nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ n'onwe ya bụ ihe anachronism . [3] Ruo mgbe e nyere Ostrich Egg Globe maka ọrịre na 2012 na London Map Fair nke e mere na Royal Geographical Society, [4] naanị ihe a maara nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okwu a n'ụdị Latin "HIC SVNT DRACONES" (ie, hic sunt dracones, 'ebe a bụ dragons') bụ Hunt-Lenox Globe malitere na 1508. [5] Maapụ ndị gara aga nwere nrụtụ aka dị iche iche gbasara akụkọ ifo na ihe e kere eke n'ezie, mana Ostrich Egg Globe na ejima ya bụ Lenox Globe bụ naanị ụwa na-adị ndụ ama ama nwere nkebi ahịrịokwu a. Okwu a na-egosi na ụwa abụọ a na mpụta, oke njedebe nke kọntinent Eshia.
Nkebi ahịrịokwu oge ochie nke ndị na-ese foto oge ochie ji bụ HIC SVNT LEONES (n'ụzọ nkịtị, "ebe a bụ ọdụm ") mgbe ọ na-egosi mpaghara amaghi ama na maapụ. [6]
Dragons pụtara na maapụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ole na ole ndị ọzọ:
Map ụwa TO Psalter ( c. 1250 AD) nwere dragons, dị ka akara nke mmehie, na a ala "oku" n'okpuru ụwa, itule Jesus na ndị mmụọ ozi n'elu, ma dragons adịghị apụta na map kwesịrị ekwesị.
Map Borgia (ihe dị ka 1430), n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ Vatican, na-ekwu, n'elu ihe oyiyi dragọn dị n'Eshia (n'akụkụ akụkụ aka ekpe nke elu Hic etiam homines magna cornua habentes longitudine quatuor pedum, et sunt etiam serpentes tante magnitudinis, ut unum bovem comedant integrum map ahụ), " ". (“Lekwa, e nwere ndị ikom nwere nnukwu mpi ukwu anọ, ma e nwere ọbụna agwọ buru ibu nke na ha nwere ike iri otu ehi.”)
The Fra Mauro Map (c. 1450) na-egosi "Agwaetiti Dragons" ( Italian ), àgwàetiti a na-eche n'echiche dị n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic. N'ihe odide dị nso na Herat na Afghanistan nke oge a, Fra Mauro na-ekwu na n'ugwu ndị dị nso na "e nwere ọtụtụ dragons, nke n'egedege ihu ya bụ nkume nke na-agwọ ọtụtụ ọrịa", ma kọwaa ụzọ ndị obodo si achụ nta dragons ndị ahụ iji nweta nkume. A na-eche na nke a dabere na akwụkwọ Albertus Magnus De mineralibus . N'ihe e dere n'ebe ọzọ na map ahụ, onye na-ese foto ahụ na-egosipụta obi abụọ ya banyere "agwọ, dragons na basiliks " nke "ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kwuru".
Map Japan nke narị afọ nke 19, Jishin-no-ben, nke dị n'ụdị ouroboros, na-egosi dragọn nke metụtara ịkpata ala ọma jijiji.
Echiche dị nso nke dragons na maapụ ụwa 1265 Psalter
Map ụwa nke etiti narị afọ nke 15 dabere na nsụgharị Latin nke Jacobus Angelus nke 1406 nke Maximus Planudes nke narị afọ nke 13 nke ihe odide Grik ndị achọpụtaraghachi nke Geography nke narị afọ nke abụọ nke Ptolemy . Ntụle Ptolemy nke mbụ (conic agbanweela). Ptolemy 's atlas in Geographia (mbụ narị afọ nke abụọ, ewelitere ọzọ na narị afọ nke 15) na-adọ aka ná ntị banyere enyí, hippos na anụ anụ .
Tabula Peutingeriana (ihe odide maapụ Rome mgbe ochie) nwere " in his locis elephanti nascuntur "," in his locis scorpiones nascuntur "na" hic cenocephali nascuntur " ("N'ebe ndị a ka a na-amụ enyí, n'ebe ndị a ka a na-amụ akpị, ebe a ka a mụrụ Cynocephali ").
Owu MS. Taịbiriọs BV fol. 56v (narị afọ nke 10), Nchịkọta Akwụkwọ edemede nke British Library, nwere "leones dị egwu" ("ebe a ọdụm juru"), yana foto ọdụm, n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Asia (n'elu map ahụ n'aka ekpe); Map a nwekwara ihe odide naanị agwọ dị n'ebe ndịda Africa (n'okpuru aka ekpe nke map): "Zugis regio ipsa est et Africa. est enim fertilis. sed ulterior bestiis et serpentibus plena" ("Nke a na mpaghara Zugis dị n'Africa; ọ bụ ihe na-eme nri, ma n'aka nke ọzọ) jupụtara na ya."
Map Ebstorf (narị afọ nke 13) nwere dragọn na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Africa, yana asp na basilisk .
Map Giovanni Leardo (1442) nwere, n'ebe ndịda Africa, "Dixerto dexabitado p. chaldo e p. agwọ".
Martin Waldseemüller 's Carta marina navigatoria (1516) nwere "ihe e kere eke dị ka elephant dị na ugwu Norway, tinyere akụkọ akụkọ na-akọwa na 'morsus' a nwere ogologo ezé abụọ dị ogologo na akụkụ anọ gbakọtara n'ebe ahụ", ya bụ walrus, nke gaara adị ka ihe dị egwu n'oge ahụ.
Waldseemüller's Carta marina navigatoria (1522), nke Laurentius Fries degharịrị, ka morsus kwagara na Davis Strait .
Bishop Olaus Magnus 's Carta Marina map nke Scandinavia (1539) nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu anụ mmiri na ugwu oke osimiri, yana anụ nwere nku, bipedal, anụ ọhịa na-eri anụ nke yiri dragọn na ugwu Lapland.
Na map ndị Europe nke Africa, ruo mgbe Nzukọ Berlin na Scramble maka Africa na-esote wepụta ihe ngosi eserese ziri ezi nke Africa, enyí nọchiri anya dragons dị ka ndị na-edebe ebe ndị a na-amaghị. Ihe odide sitere na On Poetry: Rhapsody nke onye satirist Irish bụ Jonathan Swift na-ekwu, sị: " Ya mere, ndị na-ese geographers, na map Afric, na foto ndị na-adịghị mma na-ejupụta oghere ha, na ala ndị na-adịghị ebi ebi, Debe enyí maka enweghị obodo ". [7]
↑Van Duzer(2014-06-04)."Bring on the Monsters and Marvels: Non-Ptolemaic Legends on Manuscript Maps of Ptolemy's Geography". Viator45(2): 303–334. DOI:10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103923. ISSN0083-5897.
↑Swift(1733). On Poetry: a Rapsody, 1st(in en),Irland:And sold by J. Huggonson, next to Kent's Coffee-house, near Serjeant's-inn, in Chancery-lane; [and] at the bookseller's and pamphletshops,12.
