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Ibu oke ibu na Naịjirịa

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Ibu oke ibu

Ibu oke ibu na Naịjirịa bụ ihe ịma aka ahụike ọha na eze na-apụta, nke na-akpali ngwa ngwa ime obodo, mgbanwe ndụ, na omume nri. Ọ bụ ezie na nri na-edozi ahụ bụ nnukwu nchegbu ahụike na mba ahụ, oke ibu na oke ibu amụbaala nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Mgbanwe a na-emetụta n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na uto akụ na ụba, ime obodo, na usoro nri ọdịda anyanwụ.[1] [2]

Mgbasawanye

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru oke ibu na Naịjirịa anọwo na-arị elu, ọkachasị n'obodo ukwu. Dị ka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) si kwuo, mmụba nke ibubiga ibu ókè na oke ibu n'etiti ndị okenye na Naịjirịa ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa. Nnyocha na-egosi na ihe dịka 20-35% nke ndị okenye Naijiria buru oke ibu, [3] na oke ibu dị n'etiti 8-22%, dabere na okike na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba. [4] Ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị oke ibu karịa ụmụ nwoke, ọkachasị n'obodo ukwu.[1][5]

Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbanwe nri

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Ịkụziri nke iri nri na-atụghị anya ya, mmụba nke iri ihe oriri na shuga, na nsuso nri ngwa ngwa nwere ọtụtụ abụba na carbohydrates emeela ka ọrịa ibu buru ibu gbasaa na Naịjirịa. Ọtụtụ ndị, karịsịa ndị bi n’obodo ukwu, na-ahọrọ nri ngwa ngwa n’ihi na ọ dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala. Nri ndị a na-enwekarị abụba na-adịghị mma, shuga dị elu, na calorie nke ukwuu, mgbe ha na-erughị ihe oriri bara uru dị ka eriri nri, vitamin, na protein. Mmekọrịta nke nri ọdịda anyanwụ, uto akụ na ụba, na ịbanye n’ụwa gbara gburugburu emeela ka iri nri ọdịnala, nke jupụtara na akwụkwọ nri, eriri, na protein, belata. Mgbanwe a n’usoro nri emeela ka a na-eri calorie karịrị nke ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmega ahụ, nke na-eduga n’ibu ibu na oke ibu.[6][7]

Ọzọkwa, atụmatụ ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nri mba dị iche iche arụwo ọrụ n'ịkwalite omume iri nri na-adịghị mma. Mgbasa ozi ndị na-elekwasị anya na ndị okenye na ụmụaka na-agba ume iri nri na-atọ ụtọ na ihe ọṅụṅụ shuga, nke na-eme ka nsogbu oke ibu ka njọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ahịa nke nri ndị a na-edozi ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, na-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị mmadụ mfe ịhọrọ nhọrọ na-adịghị mma. Na-enweghị mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na nri, mmụba nke oke ibu ga-anọgide na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka ahụike ọha na eze na Naịjirịa.[8]

Ụzọ ndụ a na-ebi ebi

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbanwe site na ọrụ siri ike nke ọdịnala gaa n'ọrụ ọfịs na oge nyocha dị ukwuu emeela ka mmega ahụ belata, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na oke ibu na Naịjirịa. Ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na gburugburu ebe ndị chọrọ obere mmegharị, dị ka ọfịs ụlọ ọrụ, ebe ha na-anọ ogologo oge nọdụ ala na tebụl. Mbelata a na mgbalị anụ ahụ, tinyere ịnweta nri nwere calorie dị elu, emeela ka ibu ibu ibu na ohere dị ukwuu nke ọrịa ndị metụtara oke ibu. Tụkwasị na nke a, ojiji a na-ejikarị teknụzụ eme ihe, gụnyere smartphones, kọmputa, na telivishọn, enyela aka n'ịdị ndụ nke ịnọ otu ebe, ka ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka n'ihe omume ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ kama ndị na-arụ ọrụ.[9]

E wezụga ọnọdụ ọrụ, ụdị ntụrụndụ kwa ụbọchị agbanweela nke ukwuu, na-eduga n’ibelata mmega ahụ. Oge gara aga, ụmụaka na ndị okenye na-ejikarị oge ha mee egwuregwu n’èzí ma tinye aka n’ọrụ anụ ahụ. Taa, ọtụtụ na-ahọrọ ntụrụndụ n’ime ụlọ—dịka ile telivishọn, igwu egwuregwu vidio, ma ọ bụ ịnọ n’elu ekwentị—nke na-eme ka mmega ahụ bụrụ ihe a na-eme obere oge. Ebe mmepụta mmega ahụ dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ, ebe egwuregwu, na ụzọ ijegharị adịghị n'ọtụtụ obodo Naịjirịa, na-eme ka o siere ụmụ amaala ike itinye mmega ahụ n’ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị mgbalị siri ike ma ọ bụ atụmatụ pụrụ iche iji kwalite mmega ahụ ma belata omume ịnọ ọdụ ogologo oge, ọnụego oke ibu nwere ike ịga n’ihu ịrị elu..[10][11]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru oke ibu (WHO, 2022)

Mmepe obodo na uto akụ na ụba

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Mmepe obodo na uto akụ na ụba enyewo ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria ohere ọrụ ka mma na ọnọdụ ndụ ka mma, mana ha enyekwara aka n'ịbawanye oke ibu. Ndị bi n'obodo ukwu na-enwekarị ohere dị mfe inweta nri nwere calorie dị elu n'ihi nnweta nke nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na ụlọ nri ngwa ngwa. N'adịghị ka ndị bi n'ime ime obodo, ebe ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-achọ ahụike, ndị bi n"obodo ukwu nwere ike ịnwe ọrụ na ndụ. Njikọ a nke iri nri nwere calorie dị elu na mbelata mmega ahụ emeela ka ọrịa oke ibu na ọtụtụ obodo Naijiria.

Furthermore, urbanization has led to increased reliance on transportation systems such as buses, motorcycles, and private vehicles, reducing the amount of walking people do daily. In rural areas, walking long distances for work, school, or market activities contributes to maintaining a healthy weight, but in urban centers, convenience has replaced physical exertion. Additionally, the cost of living in cities often makes healthy foods more expensive than processed alternatives, leading many to choose less nutritious, high-calorie meals. Addressing these challenges requires policies that promote healthier urban environments, such as the development of parks, sidewalks, and accessible fitness centers. [citation needed]

Echiche ọdịbendị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'obodo ụfọdụ dị na Naijiria, ibubiga ibu ókè na-ejikọta ya na akụ na ụba, ahụike dị mma, na ọnọdụ dị elu. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ahụ ahụ zuru oke dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke akụ na ụba na ọganihu, ọkachasị na mpaghara ebe ụkọ nri bụbu nchegbu. N'ọtụtụ ọdịbendị, a ka na-ewere ogo ahụ buru ibu dị ka ihe na-adọrọ mmasị, na-eduga ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ ka ha kpachara anya buru ibu. Echiche a na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịchụso usoro nchịkwa ịdị arọ, ọbụlagodi mgbe ha na-eche ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara oke ibu ihu.

Additionally, societal expectations and family pressure can make it difficult for individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles. Some people may feel ashamed to engage in weight loss efforts because it contradicts cultural norms that associate thinness with poverty or illness. As a result, public health campaigns aimed at addressing obesity must also focus on changing these cultural perceptions. Educating communities about the health risks of obesity and promoting body positivity in a way that encourages fitness and well-being, rather than just weight gain, is essential in tackling the obesity crisis. [citation needed]

Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere mmetụta nke ibu oke ibu, nke ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ime ka ọ ka njọ. Ihe ndị metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-emetụta metabolism, nchekwa abụba, na ikike ahụ nwere ịchịkwa ịdị arọ. Ndị nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oke ibu n'ezinụlọ nwere ike ibu ibu n'ụzọ dị mfe, ọkachasị mgbe ha na-ahụ nri na-adịghị mma na ụdị ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-arụ ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị na ha na-ekpebi ịdị arọ nke mmadụ. Nhọrọ ndụ dị ka nri, mmega ahụ, na ọkwa ọrụ zuru oke nwere ike inye aka belata mmetụta nke predisposition mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

In Nigeria, limited awareness of genetic influences on obesity means that many people may not understand why they struggle with weight gain despite efforts to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This lack of knowledge can lead to frustration and a feeling of helplessness. However, adopting personalized nutrition and exercise plans, along with medical guidance, can help individuals with genetic predispositions to obesity manage their weight effectively. Public health initiatives should incorporate genetic education to encourage healthier lifestyles and preventive measures. [citation needed]

Enweghị nghọta

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Ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria amaghị ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara oke ibu, na-eduga na nhọrọ nri na ndụ na-adịghị mma.[12] Enwere agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze pere mpe banyere ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ndị metụtara oke ibu, dị ka ọrịa shuga, ọbara mgbali elu, na ọrịa obi. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ anaghị ahụ mkpa ọ dị ịnọgide na-enwe ahụike. Enweghị ihe ọmụma na-edozi ahụ pụtakwara na ndị mmadụ na-aga n'ihu na-eri nri nwere calorie dị elu n'amaghị mmetụta ha na-enwe na ahụike.

Tụkwasị na nke a, enweghị mmemme mgbochi oke ibu na-enye aka na nsogbu ahụ. N'adịghị ka mba ndị mepere emepe ebe mkpọsa ahụike na-ekwusi ike na njikwa ibu, Naịjirịa nwere atụmatụ ọha na eze ole na ole lekwasịrị anya na mmata banyere oke ibu. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ enweghị ntụziaka kwesịrị ekwesị maka nri dị mma na mmega ahụ. Iji lụso nsogbu a ọgụ, gọọmentị, ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike, na ndị isi obodo ga-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji kụziere ọha na eze banyere mgbochi oke ibu ma gbaa ume ịhọrọ ndụ dị mma.

Mmetụta ahụike

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Ibu oke ibu na-eweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ ahụike, na-enye aka na mmụba nke ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ebute ọrịa (NCDs) [13] n'ụwa niile, gụnyere na Naịjirịa. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-emetụta ya bụ njikọ siri ike ya na ọrịa obi [14] [15] dị ka ọbara mgbali elu [16] [17] na ọrịa obi, nke abụọ nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu dị ka nkụchi obi ma ọ bụ nkụchiobi. Ibu oke ibu bụ isi ihe na-akpata ụdị ọrịa shuga nke abụọ, ọnọdụ na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị na Naijiria n'ihi mgbanwe ndụ na omume nri.[18] Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke cholesterol na ọbara mgbali elu, nke a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị buru oke ibu, na-emekwa ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa strok, nke nwere ike ịkpata nkwarụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ ogologo oge. Ọzọkwa, oke ibu ejikọtala na ụdị ọrịa kansa ụfọdụ, gụnyere ọrịa kansa ara na colorectal, na-agbakwunye ibu arọ nke ọrịa. Nsogbu iku ume dị ka apnea ụra na ụkwara ume ọkụ na-adịkarị n'etiti ndị buru oke ibu, ebe ibu gabigara oke ibu nwere ike igbochi ikuku na-agafe ma mebie ọrụ akpa ume. E wezụga ahụike anụ ahụ, oke ibu nwere ike inwe mmetụta siri ike n'uche, na-enye aka na nsogbu ahụike uche dị ka ịda mbà n'obi na enweghị ùgwù onwe onye.[19] N'iburu ihe ize ndụ ndị a n'uche, ịnagide oke ibu site na mgbanwe ndụ, gụnyere nri dị mma na mmega ahụ mgbe niile, dị mkpa maka igbochi ọnọdụ ndị a na-eyi ndụ egwu na imeziwanye ahụike n'ozuzu.

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chukwuonye (2022). "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies". PLOS Global Public Health 2 (6). DOI:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000515. ISSN 2767-3375. PMID 36962450. Chukwuonye, Innocent Ijezie; Ohagwu, Kenneth Arinze; Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel; John, Collins; Oviasu, Efosa; Anyabolu, Ernest Ndukaife; Ezeani, Ignatius Ugochukwu; Iloh, Gabriel Uche Paschal; Chukwuonye, Miracle Erinma; Raphael, Caleb Ogechi; Onwuchekwa, Uwa; Okafor, Umezurike Hughes; Oladele, Clement; Obi, Emmanuel Chukwuebuka; Okwuonu, Chimezie Godswill (2022). "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies". PLOS Global Public Health. 2 (6) e0000515. doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000515. ISSN 2767-3375. PMC 10021772. PMID 36962450.
  2. ↑ Archived copy. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18.
  3. ↑ Adeloye (December 2021). "Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Medicine 53 (1): 495–507. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2021.1897665. ISSN 1365-2060. PMID 33783281. 
  4. ↑ Adeloye (2021-01-01). "Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Medicine 53 (1): 495–507. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2021.1897665. ISSN 0785-3890. PMID 33783281. 
  5. ↑ Mohammed (2022-01-26). How e Consign Me? Obesity, a Growing Concern in Nigeria (en-GB). Nigeria Health Watch. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  6. ↑ Petrikova (2023-01-17). "The 'Nigerian Diet' and Its Evolution: Review of the Existing Literature and Household Survey Data". Foods 12 (3). DOI:10.3390/foods12030443. ISSN 2304-8158. PMID 36765972. 
  7. ↑ Reardon (2021-03-01). "The processed food revolution in African food systems and the double burden of malnutrition". Global Food Security 28. DOI:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100466. ISSN 2211-9124. PMID 33868911. 
  8. ↑ Smith (2019-04-18). "Food Marketing Influences Children's Attitudes, Preferences and Consumption: A Systematic Critical Review". Nutrients 11 (4). DOI:10.3390/nu11040875. ISSN 2072-6643. PMID 31003489. 
  9. ↑ Iwuala (2015-01-09). "Obesity among health service providers in Nigeria: danger to long term health worker retention?" (in English). The Pan African Medical Journal 22 (1). DOI:10.11604/pamj.2015.22.1.5586. ISSN 1937-8688. PMID 26600902. 
  10. ↑ Iwuala (2015). "Obesity among health service providers in Nigeria: danger to long term health worker retention?". The Pan African Medical Journal 22. DOI:10.11604/pamj.2015.22.1.5586. ISSN 1937-8688. PMID 26600902. 
  11. ↑ Kehoe (2024-09-23). Physical Activity and Moving More (in en). Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-4501-7. 
  12. ↑ Assessment of Dietary Knowledge, Practices and Control in Type 2 Diabetes in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. www.ajol.info.
  13. ↑ Noncommunicable diseases (en). www.who.int. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  14. ↑ Cardiovascular diseases (en). www.who.int. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  15. ↑ Cardiovascular Disease: Types, Causes & Symptoms (en). Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2025-03-23. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  16. ↑ Hypertension (en). www.who.int. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  17. ↑ Hypertension: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (2024-10-29).
  18. ↑ Griffin (2016-07-11). Differences Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (en-US). Diabetes Research Connection. Retrieved on 2025-03-26.
  19. ↑ Sarwer (September 2016). "The Psychosocial Burden of Obesity". Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45 (3): 677–688. DOI:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.016. ISSN 1558-4410. PMID 27519139. 
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