Incantation

Amụma, spepe, amara, mgbaasị, ma ọ bụ ime amoosu bụ usoro anwansi ezubere ịkpalite mmetụta anwansi n'ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe. Enwere ike ikwu usoro a, bụrụ abụ, ma ọ bụ agụ. A nwekwara ike ime mkpesa n'oge emume emume ma ọ bụ ekpere. N'ime ụwa nke anwansi, ndị dibịa afa, ndị amoosu, na ndị a na-anụ ọkụ n'obi bụ ndị na-eme ihe ike na omenala na akụkọ ifo..^[1]

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe ochie, akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo, na akụkọ ifo ọgbara ọhụrụ, mgbaasị bụ ịma mma ma ọ bụ afa. Nke a ebutela okwu ndị a na-akpọ "enchanter" na "enchantress" maka ndị na-eji mgbaasị.[1] Asụsụ bekee gbaziri okwu ahụ bụ "incantation" site na Old French na njedebe narị afọ nke 14; Okwu Old English kwekọrọ bụ gealdor ma ọ bụ galdor, "abụ, spell", cognate to ON galdr. The ike ọgwụgwụ uche "ụtọ" (tụnyere otu mmepe nke "amara") bụ nke oge a, nke mbụ gbara akaebe na 1593 (OED).

A na-ekwukarị okwu ndị a na-ekwu na ha na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-ekwusi ike na okwu ndị a gwara. Ụda na rhyme nke otu esi ekwu okwu na ntinye nke okwu eji eme ihe na usoro ahụ nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na nsonaazụ achọrọ nke mmetụta anwansi.^[2]

E kpochapụrụ ihe ndekọ ndị na-adị ndụ nke ndị na-eme anwansi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ omenala site na ọganihu nke okpukpe ndị bụ́ isi nke otu okpukpe (Islam, okpukpe ndị Juu, na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst), bụ́ ndị na-akpọ ụfọdụ ọrụ anwansi dị ka omume rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ihe ọjọọ.^[3] ^{[<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (August 2022)">unreliable source?</span>]}

Okwu mmalite

Latịn incantare, nke pụtara "iji ọgwụ doo anya, iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ, iji mee ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ, iji mee mgbaasị", bụ ntọala nke okwu ahụ bụ "onye na-adọ adọrọ", nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ asụsụ miri emi na-alaghachi na prefix kan- Proto-Indo-European. Ya mere, enwere ike ikwu na onye na-eme anwansi ma ọ bụ onye na-ede anwansi na-eme onwansi, ma ọ bụ na-eme emume anwansi.

Okwu ndị yiri nke anwansi dị ka anwansi, anwansi na anwansi bụ mmetụta nke ikwughachi anwansi. Ịbụ onye a ma ama bụ ịnọ n'okpuru mmetụta nke anwansi, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ anwansi ma ọ bụ anusansi kpatara ya.

Okwu anwansi

Okwu anwansi ma ọ bụ okwu ike bụ okwu ndị nwere mmetụta a kapịrị ọnụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-enweghị ebumnuche. Ha na-abụkarị ahịrịokwu na-enweghị isi nke a na-eji eme ihe na akụkọ ifo ma ọ bụ site n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. A na-egosikarị okwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke okwu nzuzo, adamic, ma ọ bụ asụsụ nzuzo ma ọ bụ nke e nyere ikike. Ụfọdụ ndị dike akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị na-eji okwu anwansi eme ka ike ha rụọ ọrụ.

Ihe atụ nke okwu anwansi ọdịnala gụnyere Abracadabra, Alakazam, Hocus Pocus, Open Sesame na Sim Sala Bim.

N'asụsụ Babilọn, a pụrụ iji ọgwụ mee ihe n'ememe iji gbaa ihe oyiyi nke ndị iro ọkụ. A ga-ahụ ihe atụ na usoro nke okwuchukwu Mesopotamian nke Šurpu na Maqlû. N'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, a na-eji agwọ mara mma mee ihe n'oge gara aga ma ka na-eji ya eme ihe taa. Onye na-eji anwansi ga-adọta agwọ ahụ n'ebe ọ na-ezo iji kpochapụ ha.^[1]

Udug-hul

N'akụkọ ifo Mesopotamian, a na-eji ọgwụ Udug Hul achụpụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ (ajọ Udug) na-eweta ọdachi ma ọ bụ ọrịa, dị ka ọrịa uche ma ọ bụ nchegbu. Ndị mmụọ ọjọọ a nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ọjọọ dịka ịgba alụkwaghịm, mfu ihe onwunwe, ma ọ bụ ọdachi ndị ọzọ.^[4]

N'akụkọ ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo

N'akụkọ ọdịnala, a na-ejikọta usoro anwansi mgbe ụfọdụ na ihe. ^{[citation needed]} Mgbe a na-ekwu okwu ahụ, ọ na-enyere aka ịgbanwe ihe ahụ. N'akụkọ ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-ejikọta okwu anwansi na mkpara anwansi nke ndị dibịa afa, ndị amoosu na ndị nne na nna na-eji. Otu ihe atụ bụ ọgwụgwọ nke Cinderella's Fairy Godmother ji mee ka pumpkin ghọọ onye na-akwọ ụgbọ ala, "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo", okwu na-enweghị isi nke na-ekwughachi ihe ndị siri ike n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.^[5]

Ojiji na nkọwa nke oge a

Ọrụ anwansi na-agụnye iji asụsụ eme ihe. Ma a na-ekwu okwu n'olu dara ụda ma ọ bụ n'ekwughị okwu, a na-ejikarị okwu eme ihe iji nweta ma ọ bụ duzie ike anwansi. Na The Magical Power of Words (1968), S. J. Tambiah na-ekwu na njikọ dị n'etiti asụsụ na anwansi bụ n'ihi nkwenye na ikike nke okwu nwere imetụta eluigwe na ala. Bronisław Malinowski, na Coral Gardens and their Magic (1935), na-atụ aro na nkwenye a bụ ndọtị nke iji asụsụ eme ihe iji kọwaa gburugburu ya, ebe "ihe ọmụma nke okwu ziri ezi, ahịrịokwu kwesịrị ekwesị na ụdị okwu ndị ọzọ, na-enye mmadụ ike n'elu na n'elu obere ọrụ nke onwe ya". ^[6]:: 235 Okwu anwansi bụ ya mere omume ma ọ bụ ọbụna dị mkpa karịa arụmọrụ nke anwansi karịa omume ndị na-abụghị okwu. ^[7]: 175–176

Ọ bụghị okwu niile ka a na-ewere dị ka anwansi. Naanị okwu ụfọdụ na ahịrịokwu ma ọ bụ okwu ndị a na-ekwu n'otu ọnọdụ ka a na-ewere na ha nwere ike anwansi.^[7]:: 176 Asụsụ anwansi, dị ka C. K. Ogden na I. A. Richards's (1923) ụdị okwu, dị iche na asụsụ sayensị n'ihi na ọ na-emetụ n'ahụ ma na-agbanwe okwu ka ọ bụrụ akara maka mmetụta; ebe n'asụsụ sayensị okwu na-ejikọta ya na nkọwa ụfọdụ ma na-ezo aka na eziokwu dị n'èzí.^[7]:: 188 Asụsụ anwansi bụ ya mere nke maara nke ọma n'ịmepụta ihe atụ nke na-eguzobe akara ma jikọta ememe anwansi na ụwa.^[7]: 189

Malinowski argues that "the language of magic is sacred, set and used for an entirely different purpose to that of ordinary life."^[6]^: 213 The two forms of language are differentiated through word choice, grammar, style, or by the use of specific phrases or forms: prayers, spells, songs, blessings, or chants, for example. Sacred modes of language often employ archaic words and forms in an attempt to invoke the purity or "truth" of a religious or a cultural "golden age". The use of Hebrew in Judaism is an example.^[7]^: 182

Isi iyi ọzọ nke ike nke okwu bụ nzuzo na nke pụrụ iche. A na-eji ọtụtụ asụsụ dị nsọ dị iche na asụsụ a na-ahụkarị nke na ọ bụ ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ya na-apụghị ịghọta ma ọ bụ naanị ndị na-eme ya pụrụ iji ya mee ihe ma kọwaa ya (ndị majik, Ndị ụkọchukwu, ndị shaman, ma ọ bụ Ndị Imam). ^[6]:: 228 ^[7]:: 178 N'ihe banyere nke a, Tambiah na-ekwu na asụsụ anwansi na-emebi ọrụ bụ isi nke asụsụ: nkwurịta okwu.^[7]:: 179 Ma ndị na-agbaso anwansi ka nwere ike iji ma jiri ọrụ anwansi nke okwu kpọrọ ihe site n'ikwere na ike nke okwu n'onwe ha na ihe ha ga-enye ndị na-aghọta ha. Nke a na-eduga Tambiah ka o kwubie na "ihe dị ịrịba ama dị n'etiti asụsụ dị nsọ na nke na-adịghị ọcha nke dị dị dị ka eziokwu n'ozuzu ya anaghị ejikọta ya na mkpa ọ dị itinye okwu dị nsọ n'asụsụ pụrụ iche" :: 182 ^[7]

Ihe Nlereanya nke Ịma Mma

Ọmarịcha metric nke Anglo-Saxon
Kaadị Tarot nke Thoth site na Aleister Crowley
Carmina Gadelica, nchịkọta nke uri Gaelic, ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-adọrọ mmasị
Atharvaveda, nchịkọta nke amara, na Rigveda, nchịkọta nke ukwe ma ọ bụ okwu mkparị
Ihe odide ndị Het
Papyri Anwansi nke Gris
Maqlû, ihe odide nke Akkadian
Ọmarịcha Merseburg, ọmarịcha majik abụọ nke oge ochie, ọmarịacha e dere na Old High German
Cyprianus, okwu n'ozuzu maka akwụkwọ nke ndị ScandinaviaỌgwụ ndị Scandinavia
Pow-Wows; ma ọ bụ, Enyi furu efu
Abụ Ndị Babilọn^[8]
E dere okwuchukwu Mesopotemia iji gbochie ihe ọ bụla site na amoosu (Maqlû) ruo na ụmụ ahụhụ (Zu-buru-dabbeda).

Hụkwa

Carmen, okwu maka anwansi Rom oge ochie
Ịbụ ọnụ
Dharani, okwu a na-ahụkarị maka mantras Buddha nke Mahayana
Okwu mkparị Finnic
Hex (disambiguation)
Nkwupụta na usoro Harry Potter
Igbe anwansi, ngwá ọrụ anwansi na-echebe ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ oge ochie
Jinx (disambiguation)
Kotodama, nkwenye ndị Japan na ike nke okwu na aha
Lorica, ekpere nchebe nke Irish
Mantra, ụda dị nsọ, okwu, ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu, nke a na-ekwughachi ọtụtụ ugboro, na ntụgharị uche
Paritta, okwu a na-ahụkarị maka Theravada Buddhist mantras
Ọgwụ (ememe)
Yajna, àjà ndị Hindu
Zagovory, Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Slavic

Edemsibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Cushman (2012). Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics : Fourth Edition. Princeton, ProQuest Ebook Central: Princeton University Press, 681. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Conley (2008). Magic Words:a dictionary. San Francisco: Weiser Books, 23–27. ISBN 978-1-57863-434-7.
↑ Davies (8 April 2009). The top 10 grimoires. The Guardian. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.
↑ Markham (2015). Healing Magic and Evil Demons : Canonical Udug-Hul Incantations. De Gruyter, Inc, 3–5. ISBN 9781614515326.
↑ Garry (2005). Archetypes and Motifs in Folklore and Literature. Armonk: M.E. Sharp. ISBN 0-7656-1260-7.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Malinowski (2013). Coral Gardens and Their Magic: A Study of the Methods of Tilling the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobriand Islands. Hoboken, New Jersey: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1136417733. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Malinowski" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 Tambiah (June 1968). "The Magical Power of Words". Man 3 (2): 175–208. DOI:10.2307/2798500. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Tambiah" defined multiple times with different content
↑ The Recordings: BAPLAR: SOAS. speechisfire.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved on 2010-06-19.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Cushman (2012). Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics : Fourth Edition. Princeton, ProQuest Ebook Central: Princeton University Press, 681. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Conley (2008). Magic Words:a dictionary. San Francisco: Weiser Books, 23–27. ISBN 978-1-57863-434-7.

[3] Davies (8 April 2009). The top 10 grimoires. The Guardian. Retrieved on 24 October 2017.

[4] Markham (2015). Healing Magic and Evil Demons : Canonical Udug-Hul Incantations. De Gruyter, Inc, 3–5. ISBN 9781614515326.

[5] Garry (2005). Archetypes and Motifs in Folklore and Literature. Armonk: M.E. Sharp. ISBN 0-7656-1260-7.

[Malinowski-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Malinowski (2013). Coral Gardens and Their Magic: A Study of the Methods of Tilling the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobriand Islands. Hoboken, New Jersey: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1136417733. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Malinowski" defined multiple times with different content

[Tambiah-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 Tambiah (June 1968). "The Magical Power of Words". Man 3 (2): 175–208. DOI:10.2307/2798500. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Tambiah" defined multiple times with different content

[8] The Recordings: BAPLAR: SOAS. speechisfire.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved on 2010-06-19.

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