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Iwu Ịkwụsị Ime (Zimbabwe)

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Iwu ịkwụsị ime bụ iwu na Zimbabwe na-achịkwa ite ime . Edebere n' afọ 1977 site na nzuko omeiwu nke Rhodesia ma malite na onwa mbu Jenụwarị afọ 1978, e debere ya mgbe nnwere onwe nke Zimbabwe n'afọ 1980. [1] Iwu ahụ gbasaa ohere ite ime, na-enye ya ohere n'okpuru ọnọdụ atọ: ma ọ bụrụ na ime na-etinye ndụ nwanyị ahụ n'ihe ize ndụ ma ọ bụ na-eyi egwu na ọ ga-emebi ahụ ike ya kpamkpam, ma ọ bụrụ na nwatakịrị nwere ike mụọ ya nwere nkwarụ siri ike nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche. idina mmadụ n'ike ma ọ bụ idina nwoke . [2] [3]> [4]

ndabere

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Tupu afọ 1977, ite ime na Zimbabwe (mgbe ahụ Rhodesia ) na-achịkwa British 1861 Mmejọ megide iwu mmadụ na iwu Roman-Dutch, nke nyere ikike ite ime naanị iji zọpụta ndụ nwanyị dị ime. [1] [3] [4] N'oge ahụ, Bulawayo bụ "ebe a na-ete ime" nke Rhodesia, na ọtụtụ usoro ime ime bụ ndị ọkachamara n'ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị na-eme na ụlọ ọgwụ Bulawayo. [5]

Site na ọbịbịa nke òtù nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị na Rhodesia na mmalite 1970s, arụmụka gbasara iwu ite ime nke mba ahụ mụbara. [6] [7] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1976, Kọmishọna nke gọọmentị na-enyocha nkwụsị nke ime na Rhodesia bipụtara aro ya ka a tọhapụrụ ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi na ite ime. [7] N'ime akụkọ ahụ, kọmitii ahụ kwetara na "ikekwe ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Rhodesia na-eto eto na-achọ ịhụ ka iwu ime ime nwere onwe ya." [7] Akụkọ nke kọmitii ahụ, na iwu a tụrụ aro na nzuko omeiwu sochirinụ, kpalitere arụmụka ọha na eze na ihe ọ kọwara dị ka " ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na obodo Rhodesia." [7]N'ọnwa December afọ 1976, na-eme ihe na nchoputa nke kọmitii ahụ, nzuko omeiwu webatara iwu na-ekwu banyere ite ime, na ihe ga-abụ Iwu nkwụsị nke ime ime..

Ndokwa

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Iwu nkwụsị nke ime ( No. 29 nke afọ 1977 [3]Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2002-04-01)."Zimbabwe: Abortion Policy". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2002-04-01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help) </ref> [8] nke malitere n' ọnwa mbu nke Jenụwarị afọ 1978, yiri South Africa ugbu a kagburu Iwu Ime na Sterilisation nke afọ 1975. ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na a ga-amụ nwa ahụ nwere nnukwu nkwarụ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na nwa ebu n'afọ ka a tụrụ ime n'ihi mmekọahụ na-akwadoghị iwu, akọwapụtara dị ka mmeko nwoke, idina nwoke, ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ na nwanyị nwere nkwarụ (mmejọ mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka mmeko nwoke n'ike n'ike, abụghị ihe ndabere iwu kwadoro maka ite ime). [1] [2] [9]

Enwere ike ime ime naanị site na onye na-ahụ maka ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ nke Ministri nke ahụike na nlekọta ụmụaka, họpụtara, site na ikike ederede nke onye nlekọta ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ onye nchịkwa. [2] [9] Ka e wee mee usoro ite ime ahụ, ndị dọkịta abụọ na-esiteghị n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-akwadorịrị na ọnọdụ ndị a chọrọ n'ezie dị. [2] N'ihe gbasara mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị iwu na-akwadoghị, (ndina n'ike, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ma ọ bụ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi), onye ọka iwu ụlọikpe nke ikike nke ite ime ahụ ga-enyerịrị akwụkwọ na-egosi na ime ime nwere ike ịbụ na nsonaazụ nke mmekọ iwu na-akwadoghị dị ka akọwapụtara na Iwu ahụ. [2] A na-enye ọrụ ime ime site na Ministri nke ahụike na nlekọta ụmụaka, ma nweere onwe ya nye ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị ego na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ. [9]

Ite ime n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na-ebu ntaramahụhụ mkpọrọ ruo afọ ise na/ma ọ bụ nra . [2] [9] [10] Iwu nkwụsị nke ime nwa tụrụ ntaramahụhụ na Z$ 5,000. [2] [9] [10] Otú ọ dị, Zimbabwe anaghịzi eji dollar Zimbabwe . N'okpuru ngalaba Iwu Mpụ nke 60 na Ndozigharị Iwu, ite ime n'ụzọ megidere iwu ga-ata ahụhụ ruo afọ ise na/ma ọ bụ nra na-agaghị agafe ọkwa 10. [11]

Mmetụta na nnabata

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N'oge a na-agafe ya, ọ bụ ezie na iwu ọhụrụ ahụ gbasaa ohere ime ime, [3] [4] [1] ọ garaghị nke ọma maka ụfọdụ: Jacquie Stafford, onyeisi oche nke Òtù Mba Nile Maka Ụmụ nwanyị, dere n'akwụkwọ ozi na Rhodesia Herald na iwu ahụ "egosighi ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị nlelị maka ụmụ nwanyị nke mba a, na-emekwa ka m na-eche banyere ịdị ọcha nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị omeiwu anyị." [7] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ gbasaara ọnọdụ ebe enwere ike ịnweta ite ime n'ụzọ iwu, o mekwara ka o sie ike ịnweta ọrụ ime ime site na ịchọ dọkịta, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, onye ọka ikpe, nkwenye maka usoro ahụ ga-aga n'ihu. [8]

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nkwado olu na-eto eto iji gbanwee iwu na ịgbasa ohere ime ime n'ụzọ iwu. [4] [10] [12] Ọtụtụ nkwado gbasaa ohere ime ime iwu iji kwụsị ime ime na-ezighi ezi nke na-eyikarị ahụike nne egwu, ma ọ bụ bute ọnwụ nne . [4] [10] [12] Ụmụ nwanyị Zimbabwe nwere ike ịnwụ ugboro 200 karịa site na usoro ime ime karịa ndị inyom na South Africa, ebe ịnweta ite ime dị mfe. [2] Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na-anwụ na Zimbabwe ji okpukpu atọ karịa South Africa. [12] Otu otu ndị ikike ime ime na-arụ ọrụ na Zimbabwe dị ugbu a ugbu a (RHRN), nke na-akwado maka nyocha iwu nke nkwụsị ime, nke ha weere na "archaic". [10] Oku ndị ọzọ iji megharịa iwu sitere na nzukọ ndị dọkịta Zimbabwe maka ikike mmadụ, yana onye bụbu minista na-ahụ maka ego bụ Tendai Biti . [13]

Hụkwa

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  • Iwu ime ime
  • Nhọrọ na nkwụsị nke iwu ime ime, 1996

Ntụaka

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  1. 1 2 3 4 Cook (2014-08-15). Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies (in en). University of Pennsylvania Press, 171–72. ISBN 9780812246278. Cook, Rebecca J.; Erdman, Joanna N.; Dickens, Bernard M. (2014-08-15). Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 171–72. ISBN 9780812246278.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Termination of Pregnancy Act. cyber.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2018-06-01."Termination of Pregnancy Act". cyber.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2002-04-01)."Zimbabwe: Abortion Policy". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2002-04-01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Our ugly secret: abortion in Zimbabwe, illegal but thriving (en). Pambazuka News (2012-05-16). Retrieved on 2018-05-31."Our ugly secret: abortion in Zimbabwe, illegal but thriving". Pambazuka News. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
  5. ↑ (1978) Zambezia (in en). University of Rhodesia., 62. 
  6. ↑ Potts (1977). Abortion (in en). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 433. ISBN 9780521291507. 
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Law (2015-11-06). Gendering the Settler State: White Women, Race, Liberalism and Empire in Rhodesia, 1950-1980 (in en). Routledge, 161–62. ISBN 9781317425359. Law, Kate (2015-11-06). Gendering the Settler State: White Women, Race, Liberalism and Empire in Rhodesia, 1950-1980. Routledge. pp. 161–62. ISBN 9781317425359.
  8. 1 2 "COMMENTARY ON TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ACT: Mapingure v Minister of Home Affairs & Ors S-22-14 - Masiye-Moyo and Associates", Masiye-Moyo and Associates, 2017-07-23. Retrieved on 2018-06-02. (in en-US)
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Women's Reproductive Rights in Zimbabwe: A Shadow Report. The Center for Reproductive Law & Policy (December 1997). Archived from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved on 2025-09-03.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Langa (2018-04-09). Government urged to revisit abortion laws (en-US). NewsDay Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved on 2018-06-01.
  11. ↑ Makaripe. "Doctors promoting illegal abortions", The Financial Gazette, 2015-02-05. Retrieved on 2018-06-01. (in en-US)
  12. 1 2 3 Phiri. "As teenagers die, Zimbabwean lawmakers call for abortion reform", Reuters, 2018-05-08. Retrieved on 2018-06-01. (in en-US)
  13. ↑ Laiton (2017-10-11). Legalise abortion, says Biti (en-US). NewsDay Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved on 2018-06-01.

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