Iwu maka ndị nwụrụ anwụ

ihe iku maka ndị anwụ anwụ ihe ,ụrọ imetụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ aka, ndị gbara ha gburugburu na ihe ọ ela ọgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ.

Iwu megide ịkpọ aha ndị nwụrụ anwụ

Ihe na-achọrọ ndị ọzọ aha ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ ụdị okwu ebe aha onye nwụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na okwu ọ mgbasa ozi ọzọ yiri ya na ọrụ, nwere ike ọ nwughari . Ndị mmadụ na-ahụ ya n'elu nke ụwa, ndị ụmụ amaala nke ugwu Australia, [1] Siberia, Southern India, Sahara, Subsaharan Africa, na ihe nkiri.

Mba Mbụ nke Australia

Dị ka akụkụ nke ememe olili ozu, ụfọdụ ọdịbendị ndị Aborigine na Central Australia, Arnhem Land na Cape York Peninsula machibidoro onye ọ bụla ikwu aha mmadụ n'oge iru uju mgbe ha nwụsịrị. Oge iru uju dịgasị iche dabere na afọ na ọnọdụ nke onye nwụrụ anwụ, site na ọnwa ole na ole n'ihe gbasara nwa ọhụrụ ruo afọ anọ n'ihe banyere onye ndu ma ọ bụ onye iwu a ma ama.^[1] N'oge iru uju, enwere ike ịkpọ onye ahụ n'ụzọ na-agagharị agagharị (dịka, "nwanyi ochie ahụ"), site na Aha ikwu, site na aha nnọchi anya dịka Kuminjay, ma ọ bụ naanị aha ezinụlọ ha.^[2]

N'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ, iwu ahụ na-agbasa na iji aha onye nwụrụ anwụ mee ihe n'ịtụ ọ clala, ederede mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na ndị ọzọ, ebe, ihe na echiche nwere aha yiri ya.[1] Nke a nwere ike inwe ike ogologo oge na ahụ, dịka a na-eji okwu ndị yiri nke onye nwụrụ anwụ anya okwu ndị yiri ya ma ọ bụ okwu ndị a gbazitere.[2] Onye ọkà iwere bụ Bob Dixon chere na nke a ga-eme ka a ọchịchị okwu dị ka ama ka oge na-aga iji usoro ntụnyere na ọrụ [1] - ọ bụ na a na-arụ ụka..

Ethnologist Philip Jones na-ekwu na ndị na-agbaso iwu a kwenyere na mmụọ nke onye nwụrụ anwụ " nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ, na-egbu egbu, ajọ omume na ihe ọjọọ" ma a ghaghị ịgba ya ume ịlaghachi na isi iyi ya n'ala mmụọ. Ikwu okwu aha onye nwụrụ anwụ bụ itinye onwe ya n'ihe ize ndụ ịkpọghachi mmụọ ahụ n'ụwa n'ezie, ebe ọ nwere ike ịkpata mbibi. N'ime narị afọ gara aga, nkwenkwe ndị a agbanweela - maka obodo ụfọdụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala - ịgụnye ederede, foto na ihe nkiri yana okwu.^[1]^[3]

Na mgbasa ozi

Ọ bụ ebe ahụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù ndị ọzọ na-anwa Celsiusnyere ọdịnala ndị a, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe anya n'ịbụ onye ebe ọbụbụ ahụ bụመዛ. O mmetụta ike isi ike ma aha onye Aborigine a na-enye ya bụ ihe a ndekọ iwu. ለምሳሌ, mgbe onye egwu Yolŋu a ma bụ Gurrumul Yunupingu nwụrụ na Julaị 2017, medozi mbụ jiri aha mbụ ya mee ihe tupu a mụrụ ya ka ọ bụrụ "Yunupingu".^[1]

Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Australia na-eji mkpuchi mkpuchi na-adọ ndị Aborigine na ndị Torres Strait Islanders aka ná ntị banyere ihe nwere ike ịnwe foto na olu nke ndị dị otú ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-eleghara itinye iwu ahụ n'ọrụ n'etiti obodo ndị Aborigine nakwa oge mkparị n'oge iru uju anya.^[1]^[4]

N'ịgwọ ọrịa

McGrath na Phillips na-ekwu na "mmetụta ọdịbendị na nkwanye ùgwù, tinyere ihe ọmụma nke ọdịnala na omume gbasara ọnwụ na ọnwụ, dị oke mkpa n'ịkwurịta okwu na ndị Aboriginal" n'ọnọdụ ahụike. Ọ bụ ezie na ha kọrọ na aha aha a na-akpọkarị n'etiti ndị Aboriginal nke Northern Territory, enwere nnukwu ọdịiche n'otú ezinụlọ si etinye ha n'ọrụ.[10]

Iwu na-akwadoghị na ndị nwụrụ anwụ

N'Okpukpe ndị Juu, imetụ ozu aka na-eme ka mmadụ bụrụ onye na-adịghị ọcha, si otú a ghara ike n' nssọ ahụ ruo mgbe a sachara ya site na ntụ nke Nwa ehi na-acha ngwaọrụ.[1] gosiri a nwere ike iketa ọ bụghị naanị site na mmetụ ahụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ, site na mmeta na-iche (ahụ mmetụ na onye metụrụ ozu aka) ma ọ bụ site na ike n'iche ma ọ bụ ụlọ nwere ozu. Dị ka ehi na-acha ọkụ adịghị ugbu a, Halakha na-ewere ndị Juu niile dị ka ndị na- ọcha ọcha n'ememe okwukwe Ugwu ndị nsọ. Kohanim (ndị ndú ndị Juu) na-agbakwu mbọ, a akụkọ ha ị ị anya na-emetụta ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ na-agagharị na nso nke ili. A na-eme ihe ndị ọzọ maka ndị ikwu Kohen asaa kacha nso anwụ anwụ (nna, nne, nwanne nwoke, nwanne nwoke na-alụ di, nwa nwoke, nwa nwoke, ma ọ bụ onyinye).

Mmalite na ihe kpatara ya

Wilhelm Wundt akwụkwọ iwu ahụ na egwu na obi nwoke ahụ iku iku ike ike.[1] Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ikpe na-egosi ibu iro megide ndị nwụrụ anwụ na anụ ha dị ka ndị agha.[2] Edward Westermarck kwuru na "A na-ewere ọnwụ dị ka ihe njọ n'ime ihe niile; ya mere, a na ndị nwụrụ anwụ anwụ agbọgọ na ọta ha [...]hụ dị otú ahụ na-eme ka mmetụta obi nwee mmegwara na iwe. Ọ na-enwere ndị dị ndụ anyaụfụ ma na-achọsi nke enyi ochie ya ike.. "

Nkọwa Sigmund Freud maka tabos ndị na-anwụ anwụ, na-agbasawanye site na ndị agha Wundt na Westermarck, bụ na egwu nke nchegbu nke ike onye nwụrụ anwụ bụ ihe nke echiche a na-edozighị ikike nke nwere n'oge ndụ, na ikpe nke na-emetụta onye nwụrụ anwụ. Egwu a, nye Freud, bụ maka ememe ndị e mere iji mee ka ike dị anya ma ọ bụ ịchụpụ ya, [1] na iwu ahụ ka dị ruo mgbe ozu onye ahụ nwụrụ kpamkpam kpamkpam..

Hụkwa

De mortuis nil nisi bonum - ihe a machibidoro iwu ikwu okwu ọjọọ banyere ndị nwụrụ anwụ
Aha a machibidoro iwu
Aha ọzọ
Aha a na-akpọ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị
Ọmụmụ ihe
Mmụọ na-abọ ọbọ

Ihe edeturu

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Stewart. "Naming taboo often ignored in breaking news", The Weekend Australian, 13 July 2013, pp. 16. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ McGrath (2008). "Australian findings on Aboriginal cultural practices associated with clothing, hair, possessions and use of name of deceased persons". International Journal of Nursing Practice 14 (1): 57–66. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00667.x. PMID 18190485.
↑ Flood (2006). The original Australians : story of the Aboriginal people. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 155–157. ISBN 1-74114-872-3. OCLC 71089055.
↑ ABC Indigenous Content. ABC Editorial Policies. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (8 October 2015).

Ihe odide

Alpher, Barry (1991). "Lexical Replacement and Cognate Equilibrium in Australia". Australian Journal of Linguistics 19 (1): 5–56. DOI:10.1080/07268609908599573.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Developments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
Evans, Nicholas (June 2005). "Australian Languages Reconsidered: A Review of Dixon (2002)". Oceanic Linguistics 44 (1): 242–286. DOI:10.1353/ol.2005.0020.
Freud (1950). Totem and Taboo:Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics, trans. Strachey, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-00143-3.
McGregor, William B. (2004). The Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-30808-3.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas (2 mpịakọta). London
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mythus und Religion, Teil II (Völkerpsychologie, Band II). Leipzig

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Stewart. "Naming taboo often ignored in breaking news", The Weekend Australian, 13 July 2013, pp. 16. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[McGrath-2] McGrath (2008). "Australian findings on Aboriginal cultural practices associated with clothing, hair, possessions and use of name of deceased persons". International Journal of Nursing Practice 14 (1): 57–66. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00667.x. PMID 18190485.

[:1-3] Flood (2006). The original Australians : story of the Aboriginal people. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 155–157. ISBN 1-74114-872-3. OCLC 71089055.

[Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation-4] ABC Indigenous Content. ABC Editorial Policies. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (8 October 2015).

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