Jean-Marie Seroney

Jean-Marie Seroney (25 Julaị 1927 – 6 Disemba 1982) bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ Kenya, onye omebe iwu na onye mkpọrọ nke Amnesty International. E jidere ya dị ka onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche maka 1,155 ụbọchị.

Seroney jere ozi dị ka onye otu ọgbakọ omebe iwu maka Nandi Constituency site na 1961 ruo 1963 na onye otu nzuko omeiwu (MP) maka Nandi North site na 1963 ruo 1966 tupu ọ bụrụ onye otu maka Tinderet Constituency ọhụrụ malitere site na 1966 ruo 1975. Dịka onye omebe iwu. ọ gbasiri mbọ ike iwebata ụgwọ ndị ga-ewepụ ma ọ bụ opekata mpe lelee ikike gabigara ókè enyere onye isi ala n'ihi ya nke ọtụtụ mmezigharị na Iwu. O webatakwara akwụkwọ iwu onye mbụ nke onwe iji nyere aka hụ na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke Kenya nwere n'efu, ziri ezi na nke gụnyere.

Seroney katọrọ ihe ọ kọwara dị ka iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi site n'aka ndị isi ma katọọ nrụrụ aka, nkesa na-ezughị oke nke akụ na ụba mba, izu ohi ala n'aka losuda site n'etiti ndị na-achị achị, na enweghị ike ịkwaga ndị na-enweghị ala. O mere ndị iro dị ike, na njide ya n'ọnọdụ mkpọrọ siri ike ruo afọ atọ na ọkara mere ka ihe omume ndị mesịrị duga n'ọnwụ ya malite.

Oge ọ malitere

A mụrụ Jean-Marie Seroney Eric Kipketer Seroney na Mọnde, 25 Julaị 1927 na Kapsabet, Nandi District nke Kenya.[1] Ọ bụ nwa mbụ nke onye nkuzi/onye ozioma Reuben Seroney na Leah Jeptarus Tapmaina Seroney ghọrọ Africa Inland Mission (AIM). N’oge na-adịghị anya ka a mụsịrị ya, Rev. Stuart M. Bryson weghaara ọrụ Kapsabet AIM[2]. O zipụrụ Reuben Seroney ozugbo ka ọ malite ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Surungai ihe dị ka kilomita iri atọ na abụọ n'ebe ugwu nke ozi Kapsabet.[3] Reuben na Lia kụziri ihe n’Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Surungai n’ehihie ma jiri ụtụtụ na-ezi ozi ọma n’obodo nta ndị dị nso.[4] Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, na 1929, Lia nwụrụ na mberede n'ihi nsogbu ime nwa. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Reuben lụrụ Rebeka Jeptanui.

Ezinụlọ Seroney biri na Mission Surungai ruo 1933 mgbe a gwara Reuben ka ọ kwaga Kapsowar na mpaghara Elgeyo-Marakwet ka ya na Rev. na Oriakụ R. V. Reynolds sụọ ụzọ n'ọdụ Mission ọhụrụ. AIM amalitela ụlọọgwụ ebe ahụ nke guzoro ruo taa. Reuben Seroney nọrọ na Kapsowar dịka onye na-ezisa ozi ọma na onye isi nkuzi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ afọ ise. Ọ gara n’obodo nta ndị dị nso na ógbè ndị dị anya na-akụzi ihe na ime nkwusa. Ọ bụ n'otu n'ime ọbịbịa ya na Kabartonjo na obodo Tugen ka Reuben Seroney zutere Daniel Toroitich arap Moi, mechara bụrụ Onye isi ala Kenya. Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi na onye ndụmọdụ Moi wee nye aka n'itinye ya na Government African School Kapsabet na 1938..

Mmụta

Seroney na-eto eto malitere agụmakwụkwọ na 1935 na Kapsowar na nna ya na Oriakụ Reynolds dị ka ndị nkuzi ya. Mgbe nna ya laghachiri Kapsabet na Mee 1938, ọ sonyeere Government African School na Kapsabet (nke bụzi Kapsabet High School) site na 1938 ruo 1940. Seroney gafere ule ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya ma bụrụ naanị onye nọ na klas ya ka a nabatara na Alliance High School na Kikuyu nke bụ naanị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Kenya n'oge ahụ. Ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ site na Local Native Council (LNC) na Kapsabet nke kwụrụ ya ụgwọ Sh. Ụgwọ 200 kwa afọ. Seroney nọrọ na Alliance site na 1941 ruo 1944, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Edward Carey Francis .

Ọ nọdụrụ na asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ Cambridge wee nweta Division 1, nke pụtara na ọ ga-aga n'ihu na Makerere maka agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. Ọ debanyere aha na kọleji Makerere na Kampala, Uganda na 1945 na-ewere Higher Studies na Arts. Na Makerere, ọ meriri ihe nrite nyocha Arts ama ama. Ọ bụ onye-isi-nhazi nke otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee jee ozi dịka onye isi oche nke Dramatic Society n'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ nke ọma na Makerere, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta gọọmentị India ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Allahabad a ma ama na steeti Uttar Pradesh, India. Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ya ebe ahụ na Septemba 1947 na William Holland University College, kọleji mebere nke Mahadum Allahabad. Ọ gụchara akara ugo mmụta BA na 1949 wee nweta akara ugo mmụta nke abụọ, Upper Division. Ọ malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ maka nzere LL.B n'otu mahadum ahụ wee mechaa ya na Disemba 1951 wee nweta nkwanye ugwu nke mbụ.[1]. Ọ ghọrọ onye Kenya mbụ nwetara nzere iwu.

Okpukpe

Na 1938, Reuben Seroney nwere nghọtahie siri ike na onye ozi ala ọzọ na-apụ apụ bụ Stuart M. Bryson na onye nnọchi anya ya Reginald V. Reynolds. Bryson bụ otu n'ime ndị mgbasa ozi AIM kacha pụta ìhè nye ndị Nandi (otu ebo nke Kalenjin People) wee nye aka na Rev. Samuel Gimnyigei sụgharịa Bible n'asụsụ Nandi). Reuben Seroney ekwenyeghị na ha gbasara omume omenala Nandi nke ụka AIM nọgidere na-emegide ya yana ọdịda nke nzukọ ahụ nyere ya ikike ịzụ atụrụ.[1] Ọ hapụrụ AIM wee sonye na Native Anglican Church (emesịa gbanwee aha ya gaa na African Anglican Church). Ọ bụ ọgbakọ ozi ala ọzọ nke Church (CMS) hibere ya ma bụrụ onye butere ụzọ nke Ụka Anglican nke Kenya taa. Reuben Seroney kwagara obere oge ka o si Kapsowar lọta na 1939.

Reuben Seroney natara ikike ịghọ onye na-ezisa ozi ọma / onye nkuzi site na African Church Council nke 'Native Anglican Church' na 29 Nọvemba 1942. Ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya mbụ nke Nandi na 1950 mana ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na 12 Eprel 1954. Nwunye ya Rebecca na ụmụ ha iri na abụọ, Jean-Marie, Grace, David, Walter, Graham, Richard, Jean, Agnes, Christine, Tom, Eunice, na Levi hapụrụ ya.

Ịghọ Onye Katọlik

Onye na-eto eto Eric Seroney mere baptizim dị ka onye Anglịkan na 1944 mana ya na nna ya dakwara n'ihe gbasara okpukpere chi mgbe ọ na-aga kọleji Makerere na 1946 ebe ọ ghọrọ onye Roman Katọlik. Ọ bụ site na ntọghata ya na okpukpe Katọlik ka ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ John Marie Therese n'ihi nraranye ya nye St. Marie Therese nke Liseux. O mesịrị Francized na hyphenated aha Jean-Marie Seroney, idobe na-arụsi ọrụ ike ojiji nke 'Therese'. Ọ nọgidere na-abụ onye Katọlik n'oge ndụ ya fọdụrụ na St. Therese, ọbụna na-ahọrọ ịnọgide na-alụbeghị di.[1] Mkpebi ya ịghọ onye Katọlik adabaghị nna ya Reuben nke ọma, onye were ọrụ Fr. Joseph Kuhn nke Chepterit Catholic Mission maka ime nwa ya nwoke baptizim na 1947.

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Mgbe ọ nọ na India, Jean-Marie Seroney nọgidere na-enwe nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị na-achị ala site n'ụzọ dị iche iche, ọbụna bipụta otu isiokwu na Indian Review nke Jenụwarị 1950 nke isiokwu ya bụ 'Threat of South African Fascism to East Africa.' Ọ laghachiri Kenya na 1951, kpọmkwem n'oge maka ụbọchị ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke ọgụ nnwere onwe tupu nkwupụta nke Mau Mau Emergency. Ọ gwara nzukọ ọha na eze na mpaghara Afrịka dị na Nairobi ma soro Jomo Kenyatta mee njem nleta nke Rift Valley.

Ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya masịrị ndị ọchịchị colonial na Kenya nke mere na e chere na ọ ga-aga England maka ịga n'ihu n'ọmụmụ ihe. Na February 1952, ndị nchịkwa nyere ya mbinye ego na na July 1952 ọ nabatara ya na Mahadum University nke South-West nke England na Exeter (nke bụ Mahadum Exeter ugbu a) ebe ọ ga-agụ akwụkwọ maka Intermediate LL.B of Mahadum nke London na n'otu oge ahụ na-amụ maka Bar na Ụlọ Nsọ dị na London.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ọ gawa Exeter, ọ gara ma kwuo okwu Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa maka Ịghaghachi Moral Re-Armament na Caux, Switzerland n'August 1952 ma kpọọ maka ụzọ ọhụrụ e si emeso okwu nke colonialism..

Mgbe esemokwu ya na ndị isi mahadum na Exeter gasịrị maka ihe ọ tụlere nkwughachi nke ogo ya si India, ọ họọrọ ịga ozugbo maka ụlọ mmanya kama ịgafe na LLB etiti. Mgbe ya na ndị ọchịchị colonial gbasasịa mgba na England na na Kenya, o mechara nọrọ ọdụ maka asọmpi ikpeazụ nke Bar ya na Disemba 1955, na 7 February 1956, Honorable Society of the Inner Temple nabatara ya na Bar of England. O mere akụkọ ihe mere eme dịka naanị onye Kenya nke atọ ghọrọ onye ọka iwu ka Chiedo More Gem Argwings-Kodhek na Charles Njonjo gasịrị, na onye mbụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu. Ọ laghachiri na Kenya nke tozuru oke ịme iwu dịka onye ọka iwu n'ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Majesty.

Ọrụ na ịbanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Kenya na 1956, a họpụtara Seroney dị ka onye enyemaka iwu n'ọfịs nke Registrar-General na 21 June 1956. N'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1957, e buliri ya n'ọkwa onye ọkàiwu na-ahụ maka mmebi iwu site na ọkwa Kenya Gazette no. 4067 nke ụbọchị 3 Disemba n"afọ 1957.

Na 25 Septemba 1958, ọ tinyere akwụkwọ ka a nabata ya dị ka onye otu Law Society of Kenya nke e hiwere na 1948. Seroney mere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka onye isi ojii Kenya nke abụọ iji ruo eru na iwu mgbe Chiedo More Gem Argwings-Kodhek gasịrị. . N'oge ntinye akwụkwọ ya na 1958, Hon. Ọkaikpe Chanan Singh bụ onye isi oche nke Law Society of Kenya.[1] Mgbe a nabatara ya na Bar nke Kenya ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ozugbo wee banye na nzuzo.

Seroney gara n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nzuzo n'ogo nke oge mberede Kenya n'ime afọ iri ise na-akpakọrịta na ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị oge mbụ dịka Tom Mboya, Oginga Odinga, Dr. Julius Kiano na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọbụna ọ sonyeere mmemme Airlift nke Mboya ma mara na o nyeere ụfọdụ ndị ntorobịa Nandi aka ịga America inweta agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. O sonyekwaara òtù ndị Labour wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Kenya African Civil Servants Union. O nyere ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu ma kwado ngagharị nnwere onwe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.

Ọ bụghị ruo n'afọ 1959 ka Seroney mechara banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe ọ kpọrọ oku ka e guzobe otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-eburu ọdịmma ndị Afrịka n'obi. N'afọ sochirinụ, o kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịzọ ọkwa Nandi na Kansụl Iwu (LegCo) na Sọnde 27 Nọvemba 1960. Na Febụwarị 1961, mgbe ọ dị afọ 33, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Nandi, na-emeri naanị onye iro ya Shadrack Kimalel. A họpụtara Seroney ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ndị omeiwu na Ministri Nchebe.

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1962, ọ nọ na ndị nnọchi anya Kenya na Nzukọ Ụlọ Lancaster na mkparịta ụka nnwere onwe ikpeazụ na Septemba n'afọ 1963. N'afọ 1963, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu maka Nandi North Constituency na tiketi Kenya African Democratic Union ma nọrọ n'oche ya na nzukọ mpaghara nke gbakọtara na Nakuru. Otú ọ dị, ọ gafere ala wee sonye na Kenya African National Union ya na Taita araap Towett onye omeiwu maka Bureti na William Murgor onye omeiwu nke Elgeyo na 21 Nọvemba 1963. Nke a merụrụ ọtụtụ ndị n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi karịsịa enyi ya ghọrọ onye iro Daniel arap Moi onye nọgidere na KADU. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1963, ọ kpọrọ Praịm Minista Jomo Kenyatta ka ọ kwuo okwu n'otu nnọkọ ọha na eze na Kapsabet na Eldoret.

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu maka Tinderet na 1966 ma jee ozi ruo mgbe ntuli aka e mere na 1969. Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1969, ọ meriri onye iro ya kacha nso Francis K. Ruto iji merie na votu 9,006 megide Ruto 1,699 iji weghachite oche Tinderet ya.

Nkwupụta Nandi Hills

Seroney banyere na nsogbu na Septemba 1969 mgbe o gosipụtara "Nandi Hills Declaration", akwụkwọ nke enyi ya Joseph K. Mitei si Koilot, Ol'Lessos nke Nandi District dere. Mitei bụ odeakwụkwọ nhazi nke pati na-achị KANU, alaka Nandi mgbe o dere akwụkwọ ahụ na 27 Julaị 1969. Akwụkwọ ahụ mara gọọmentị Kenyatta aka ire / ibi n'ala Nandi nye ndị na-abụghị ndị Kalenjin na-efu ndị nwe ala ahụ n'oge gara aga ebe ọkara nke ọzọ bụ mkpesa megide obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na usoro ikpe na-ezighị ezi na Nandi.

E weere akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka nke nnupụisi ma jide Seroney na Satọdee, 20 Septemba 1969 na Eldoret ma kpọga ya na enyi ya Mitei na Nakuru. Na Tuzdee 23 Septemba, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru n'ụlọ ikpe Nakuru. Ọ bụ P.J. Wilkinson QC, onye bụbu Attorney General nke Uganda nke Sibi-Okumu nyere aka, duziri ndị na-agbachitere ya. A mara ha ikpe ma kwụọ ha KShs ụgwọ. 6,000 onye ọ bụla site n'aka onye isi obodo R.P. Maini.

Nsonaazụ ya na m

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Seroney abụghị onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ karịsịa Daniel M onye a họpụtara dị ka osote onye isi ala n'ihi na o yiri ka ọ na-emebi ikike Moi dị ka naanị ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Kalenjin. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ onye a ma ama n'ala, ọ bụ ihe a ma ama karịa Moi, n'agbanyeghị na nke ikpeazụ bụ osote onye isi ala. Ndị Kalenjin lere Moi anya dị ka onye na-ele anya ka ndị dị ike na Gọọmentị Kenyatta na-ejide ala ha. A na-ahụ nhọpụta Moi dị ka osote onye isi ala dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka ndị Kalenjin nwee obi iru ala iji dozie ala ha n'enweghị ajụjụ. Esemokwu Moi na Seroney gbanwere mgbe onye nke ikpeazụ kpebiri iguzobe Samoei Institute for Technology and Education na Nandi Hills. Kama nke ahụ, Moi jiri atụmatụ gọọmentị mee ihe iji belata ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ edebanyere aha ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị 'Harambee' (onwe ya) nke mere ka ndị Nandi nwee nkụda mmụọ. Moi jiri ikike ya n'ọchịchị mpaghara iji hụ na Seroney enwetaghị ikike ịme nzukọ ma ọ bụ ịnakọta ego maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ; n'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ 'e debanyere aha'. N'agbanyeghị mmeghachi omume na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na agha ndị nta akụkọ, Moi n'ikpeazụ gosipụtara na ọ dị ike karịa ha abụọ.

Ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike na Rift Valley malitere ịlụso Seroney ọgụ tupu ntuli aka nke 1974 nke e mere na 14 Ọktoba. Onye a ma ama bụ onye ndụmọdụ n'oge ahụ bụ Ezekiel Barngetuny onye bụ ezigbo onye nzuzo Moi na Nandi. N'agbanyeghị mmegide siri ike, Seroney nọgidere n'oche ya megide ndị Moi kacha họrọ. N'ịghọta na esemokwu Seroney na Moi na-abawanye, onye bụbu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Uasin Gishu Paul Kiplimo Boit, gakwuuru Seroney wee kpọrọ ya gaa Moi na Kabarak iji mee ka ha lie hatchet. Seroney zutere Moi na 17 Nọvemba 1974 iji dozie esemokwu ha - n'otu akụkụ maka mmepe na n'otu aka iji nweta nkwado Moi n'ihu Seroney maka oche onye isi oche nke ntuli aka na-aga ime.

Nkwekọrịta ya na Moi adịteghị aka ka ha maliteghachiri asọmpi ha ozugbo.

Onye isi oche

Mgbe mmeri ya na ntuli aka, Seroney kpebisiri ike ịgbakwunye ábụ́bà na okpu ya site n'ịga oche onye isi oche nke National Assembly. O meriri n'oche ahụ n'agbanyeghị mmegide siri ike nke onye isi ala Jomo Kenyatta bụ onye na-enweghị atụ na-eme ka ndị omeiwu kwụsị ọnwa atọ iji gbochie Seroney ka a họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche. Mgbe Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu maliteghachiri na 5 Febụwarị 1975, a họpụtara Seroney dị ka osote onye isi oche.

Ihe bịara n'isi mgbe e gbusịrị onye omeiwu Nyandarua North na onye nkatọ gọọmentị Josiah Mwangi Kariuki na Machị 1975. Seroney nọdụrụ na Kọmitii e guzobere iji nyochaa ọnwụ Kariuki dị ka odeakwụkwọ ya ma dee akụkọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ na-ebo Gọọmentị ebubo na ọ bụ ya kpatara ọnwụ ya ma na-anwa ikpuchi ya.

Ịnọ n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ya ikpe

N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1975, Jean-Marie Seroney banyere na nsogbu ọzọ mgbe ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke ụlọ omebe iwu mgbe ọ jụrụ ịrịọ Martin Shikuku MP maka Butere ka ọ kwado okwu ya na "Kanu anwụọla". Ọ zaghachiri Kihika Kimani onye choro ihe akaebe nke okwu Shikuku na "ihe mere o ji kwado ihe doro anya...". Okwu a. mere ka e jide ya n'ụbọchị iri na ise nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1975 n'ọfịs ya n'ụlọ omebe iwu n'elekere 7:15 nke ehihie.

Na mbido ụbọchị ahụ, ọ kpaliri arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ma na-ewe iwe mgbe ọ rịọrọ mkpebi onye isi oche banyere nchekwa ya mgbe ọ nụrụ na ndị uwe ojii na-echere iburu ya na Shikuku. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke nnọkọ ahụ ruo elekere 6:30 nke ehihie ma were ya ka ọ na-ahapụ ọfịs ya.  A kpọgara ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Manyani ebe ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ya ikpe maka afọ atọ sochirinụ, na-efunahụ oche ndị omeiwu ya n'usoro ahụ.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ dị ka Amnesty International, yana Inter-Parliamentary Union, malitere ikpe ya na Gọọmentị Kenya.

Seroney ekwughị banyere ụbọchị ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Otú ọ dị, ndị gara leta ya n'ebe ahụ kwuru na o ji obi ike were ya. Ọ tara nnukwu mgbaàmà nke ịkwụsị ịṅụ sịga ma n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ kwụsiri ike. Ọ na-echegbu ezinụlọ ya mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mana ego ya na-enweta nsogbu siri ike. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, ugbo ahụ emeghị nke ọma ma ọ nweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-adabere na ya yana ụgwọ ụlọ ha. Ọ biri na mpaghara South 'B' nke Nairobi n'ụlọ City Council.

A tọhapụrụ Seroney n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site na mgbaghara onye isi ala na 12 Disemba 1978. A tọhapụrụ ya na ndị mkpọrọ 25 ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche. N'etiti ha bụ Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Koigi wa Wamwere, George Anyona, Martin Shikuku, Wasonga Sijeyo, na ndị ọzọ. Seroney nọrọ ụbọchị 1,155 (afọ atọ, ọnwa abụọ) n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ya ikpe, na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị mkpọrọ akọ na uche kacha ogologo oge na Kenya.

Nhọrọ nke 1979

Na Jenụwarị 1979, naanị izu 3 ka a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a kpọrọ ya na nnukwu ndị nnọchi anya si na Tinderet Constituency ya gaa n'ụlọ Moi na Kabarak na 1 Jenụwarụ 1979 iji malite afọ ọhụrụ na ihe ọhụrụ. N'oge nzukọ ahụ, Onye isi ala Moi toro Seroney dị ka ezigbo onye ndu ma belata esemokwu ha, na-ekwe nkwa iso ya rụọ ọrụ. Akụkọ kwuru na ọ bụrụ na e nwere naanị ndị ọzọ ole na ole dị ka Seroney, mba a ga-adị nnọọ iche. Nkwekọrịta ahụ ga-adịru naanị ụbọchị ole na ole.

Naanị otu izu mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị nnọchi anya ọzọ nke Ezekiel Barng'etuny duziri gara Kabarak n'oge a na-akpọrọ onye ọrụ nchịkwa nke Kenya Breweries aha ya bụ Henry Kiprono Kosgey. A kpọbatara ya na nnọkọ nke ndị Tinderet na Kabarak dị ka nwoke maka ntuli aka na-abịanụ nke afọ 1979. Mgbalị na-adịghị agwụ ike nke Ezekiel Barngetuny (onye gara n'ihu na-ewebata Samuel Ngeny iji merie Simeon Kiptum Choge na Stanley Metto iji wepụ Robert Tanui na Mosop site na okwu ya a ma ama 'Kibunguok Somok' ma ọ bụ 'Three Keys') Ihe nnọchianya ntuli aka maka Kosgey, Ngeny, na Metto bụ isi nke na-ewe iwe Seroney maka 'ị mechiri' ma ọ bụrụ mmepe na Nandi. Barngetuny na ndị ọzọ mere ka e merie Seroney na ntuli aka na 8 Nọvemba 1979. 'Mkpịsị ugodi' ya atọ niile batara mana ọ bụghị n'enweghị nnukwu mmebi iwu, ime ihe ike, na oghere oghere.

Seroney kwetara mmeri, na-ekwe nkwa iso onye omeiwu ọhụrụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ, na-ekwu maka "nnukwu mmebi iwu n'oge mkpọsa ntuli aka na n'ụbọchị ntuli aka..."

Ime ihe ike megide Seroney

Seroney had been physically harassed, beaten, and even denied permits to hold public rallies and where he did, they were disrupted. It was clear that someone desperately didn't want him to go back to Parliament. According to Peter Sang, an Eldoret businessman and supporter of Seroney, there was a deliberate scheme to rig out Seroney right from the start. He narrated a story told to him by H. K. Burrows the proprietor of Ogirgir Tea estate who found a mob of rowdy youth that had captured Seroney, roughed him up, spat on him all over, soiled him and mocked him in public as he was on the campaign trailTempleeti:When.

Burrows batara ma mee ka ndị otu ahụ tọhapụ Seroney. Onye na-akwado Seroney bụ John Rugut onye ọrụ ibe Sang na Kibwari Tea Estate bụ onye hụrụ ihe isi ike a. Rugut kwuru na ọ chọtara Seroney nwere nkụda mmụọ n'ebe ahụ ma nyere aka mee ka ìgwè mmadụ ahụ dajụọ. Ọ kpọgara Seroney na Burrows n'ebe nchekwa nke ụgbọ ala ya wee chụga ya n'ebe dị nchebe. O doro anya na ọ bụrụ na ha emeghị nke ahụ, Seroney nwere ike ịbụ na e gburu ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o doro anya na mbọ ọ na-agba ịzọ ọkwa ọzọ enweghị isi. O meriri site na nnukwu mmeri na-enweghị isi. O yighị ka ọ ga-abụ, mana o mere. N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1979, o wepụtara nkwupụta mgbasa ozi na-ekwe nkwa iso onye omeiwu ọhụrụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ ma na-ekwe ka ọ ga-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Onye isi ala Moi.

Ntinye ego na ịda ogbenye

N'afọ 1975, Seroney zụrụ 1,546 acres nke Kapkures Sisal Estates na Tinderet Constituency ya. Ọ gbanwere aha ya 'Kibois Farm' nke Kaprotuk Estates Ltd nwe ya nke ọ bụ onye nwere ọtụtụ òkè. Ọ gbazinyere KSh 1,035,000 site na Standard Chartered Bank na National Bank of Kenya iji kwado nnweta ahụ.

Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị iri na ise n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 1980, o ji nnukwu ụgwọ KShs. 1,545,012.15 (gbanwere na 2018 ihe dịka Kshs. 1 ijeri, ma ọ bụ US $ 10 nde). Ọrụ ugbo ya mebiri nke ukwuu na Seroney enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ nnukwu ego ya. Ọ na-eche ihu na a ga-achụpụ ya n'ụlọ ma gbalịa ịchọ enyemaka nke Gọọmentị iji ma ọ dịkarịa ala hapụ mmasị ya n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ugbu a na-enweghị ikpe ma chọpụta na ikpe mara ya maka mmebi iwu ọ bụla. Arịrịọ ya dara na ntị chiri na-eduga ya n'ọnọdụ ịda mbà n'obi ma mee ka ọ bụrụ onye aṅụrụma.

N'afọ 1980, n'ihe ngosi, Moi họpụtara Seroney dị ka Onye isi oche nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe nke Kenya (IDB) nke na-abụghị ọkwa a na-akwụ ụgwọ ma bụrụ naanị onye isi ememe. Ya na Dr. Julius Gikonyo Kiano rụkọrọ ọrụ ogologo oge enyi ya na onye otu oge nke ndị omeiwu na Minista. Minista na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke IDB bịara n'okpuru ya bụ Andrew Omanga. Ọfịs Seroney na isi ụlọ ọrụ IDB dị na Harambee Avenue Nairobi ebe ọfịs ndị ahụ ka dị ruo taa. Ọ bụ ezie na nhọpụta ahụ abaghị ya uru ego, o nyeere ya aka itinye ya n'ihe ngosi ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ọchịchị afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Nchegbu ego na-adịgide adịgide na egwu miri emi nke ọdịda nke ya mere ka ọ daa mbà n'obi ma ọ pụọ n'ihu ọha naanị na-egbochi obere oge ya na mgbasa ozi na okwu gọọmentị.

Ọnwụ na esemokwu

N'ehihie Tuesday, 30 November 1982 a nabatara Seroney na MP Shah Hospital na Nairobi na-eme mkpesa banyere ihe mgbu obi. Ọ nọ na-arịa ọrịa ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị, na-ezere ịga ụlọ ọgwụ. Odeakwụkwọ ya wee kpọọ dọkịta onye si n'ụlọ ya dị na Mariakani (South B) Nairobi kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọ nọrọ ụbọchị ise n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ma a ga-ahapụ ya na Fraịdee nke izu ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ya gbanwere na mberede ka njọ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime ndị iro ya kachasị ike gachara. A kpọgara ya na ICU na Satọdee ebe a gwọrọ ya mgbe ọnọdụ ya kara njọ. Na Mọnde 6 Disemba na 6:45 nke ụtụtụ Hon. Jean-Marie Seroney nwụrụ. Dọkịta onwe ya Dr. Nalini P. Mandevia kwuru na ọ nwụrụ site na "ịdị ike ịba ọcha n'anya, jaundice na ụkọ ọbara"

Ajụjụ bilitere ozugbo banyere ọnwụ ya na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ enweghị ike ikwere ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya dị ka ekwuru. N'ụzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, ọ dịghị post-mortem e mere.

Onye isi ala Moi zigara ozi ọmịiko nye ezinụlọ ya na-ekwu na ọ mụtara "oké mwute" banyere ọnwụ mberede nke Seroney. Ọ nwụrụ naanị ụbọchị isii tupu afọ anọ a tọhapụrụ ya. E mere emume olili ozu ya na 13 Disemba 1982 na emume nke Onye isi ala Moi na ọtụtụ puku ndị enyi ya na ndị na-akwado ya bịara na Ko'lelach Village, Senetwo Village, Meteitei, Tinderet. Nke a bụ ncheta nke anọ a tọhapụrụ ya. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ akụ ahụ mechara ree ugbo ebe e liri ya iji nwetaghachi ego mgbazinye nke afọ 1975. Ụlọ mbụ ya bụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na ili ya bụ akụkụ nke ogige egwuregwu.

Ihe Nketa

Seroney bụ dike nke nnwere onwe Kenya nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'akwụsịghị akwụsị site na mmalite 1950. Mgbe o si India lọta n'afọ 1951, ọ sonyeere Kenya Africa Union (KAU) ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ma ama site na njem Rift Valley na Jomo Kenyatta tupu e jide Kenyatta n'afọ sochirinụ. Site na ezigbo ọbụbụenyi ya na Tom Mboya, o nyere aka ịhazi 'Air Lifts' a ma ama nke zigara ọtụtụ ndị Kenya na mahadum dị na United States malite na ngwụcha afọ iri ise. O nyekwara Tom Mboya ndụmọdụ iwu bara uru n'oge tupu nnwere onwe ma nyere ọtụtụ ndị Mau Mau aka ịchọta enyemaka iwu. Dị ka onye otu Kansụl Iwu na Nzukọ Mba, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'akwụsịghị akwụsị iji kagbuo iwu ndị na-emegide ọchịchị ndị dị ka Chief's Authority Act, Public Order Act, Laibon Removal Ordinance, Trespass Act, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Seroney nyere aka kwado ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze, ọchịchị iwu, na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ọtụtụ afọ mbụ nke nnwere onwe Kenya. Echiche ya banyere Devolution nke ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime ọtụtụ afọ iri isii na iri asaa bụzi akụkụ nke Iwu Kenya (2010). N'afọ 1969, Seroney nọ n'ihe ndekọ dị ka onye kpọrọ oku ka a tọhapụ Oginga Odinga n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe e jidere ya mgbe ọgba aghara Kisumu gasịrị. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka Gọọmentị kpochapụ Odinga na ndị otu ya bụ Kenya People's Union tupu ntuli aka na ịkwụsị omume nke ịtụ ndị mmadụ n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe. Ọ megidere mgbalị siri ike ime ka Kenya bụrụ otu pati na-agbanye ike maka ọtụtụ na nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị yana ịdị n'otu mba na ọnụnọ nke ndị omeiwu na-emegide gọọmentị. Ọ kwadoro nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi na-akpọ maka 'nnwere onwe, eziokwu na egwu' mgbasa ozi na Kenya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kenya 'People Daily' ji nkwupụta ahụ mee ihe ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka okwu mmeghe ya.

Seroney ghọkwara onye mbụ na-akwado iwu nke o dere n'onwe ya iji gbalịa idozi nsogbu ndị metụtara ntuli aka Kenya. Mgbe ọtụtụ mmegide gasịrị, Attorney General Charles Njonjo weghaara Bill ya ma gbanwee ya iji mee ka mgbanwe Seroney dịkwuo mfe ma kpọọ ya iwu gọọmentị. E mechara tụfuo ya na-eduga na nnukwu nsogbu na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta ntuli aka Kenya. Seroney lụsoro Nrụrụ aka ọgụ na ọchịchị Kenyatta na Moi ma nyere Martin Shikuku aka ịpụta na Bill iji lụso omume rụrụ arụ ọgụ na Kenya. Dị ka mgbalị mbụ ya iji gbanwee ntuli aka, iwu Shikuku enweghịkwa ohere. Dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ikpeazụ ya dị ka osote onye isi oche, Seroney guzobere kọmitii ndị omeiwu iji lelee ike na ihe ùgwù nke ndị omeiwu. Ọ chọrọ ime ka ndị omeiwu bụrụ ndị nwere onwe ha n'ezie na gọọmentị na ndị omeiwu nwere onwe ha na-ejere ndị mmadụ ozi. Nke a kwụsịrị ọzọ mgbe e jidere ya n'afọ 1975.

Seroney malitere ọrụ mmepe dị iche iche na Tinderet Constituency ya nke rụzuru na Samoei Institute of Technical Education (SITE) nke ọ bụ ezie na Moi mere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, e buliri ya elu na Mahadum Koitalel Samoei, kọleji nke Mahadum Nairobi.

Akụkọ ndụ Seroney

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ akpọrọ Just for Today: The Life and Times of Jean-Marie Seroney nke Godfrey K. Sang malitere na Jesus College, Oxford na 13 November 2015 site n'aka onye bụbu Prime Minister Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga. Dolman Scott bu ụzọ bipụta akwụkwọ a tupu Gapman Publications bipụtaghachi ya na 2018 ma ọ dị ugbu a na mbipụta nke abụọ. O nwere okwu mmalite nke onye bụbu kọmishọna ukwu UK na Kenya Sir Edward Clay na ndị ejidere ya bụ Koigi wa Wamwere na Ngugi wa Thiong'o yana onye nwụchiri Raila Odinga mechakwara. Martin Shikuku, onye ya na ya nwụchiri, onye odee gbara ajụjụ ọnụ nke ukwuu. Na Eprel 13, 2023, Sinetọ Kakamega County Boni Khalwale kwuru akụkọ ndụ na ụlọ omebe iwu Kenya mgbe ọ na-enye aka na ngagharị iwe iji mata ndị dike Kenya. Ọ kọwara akụkọ ndụ ya dị ka 'akwụkwọ mara mma..'