John Hart (onye na-ede mgbanwe)
John Hart (nwụrụ n'afọ 1574) bụ onye nkuzi Bekee, ọka akara akara, onye na-eme ihe na onye isi agha. A maara nke ọma maka ngwaọrụ aro usoro maka Bekee, nke a na-ekiri dị ka "atụmatụ mbụme mbụ" n'Iche ihe mere nke eme nke mbụ Bekee. Dị ka onye isi agha, John Hart nwere otu aha Chester Herald n'etiti afọ 1567 na 1574.
Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Hart bụ onye dere akwụkwọ atọ a ma na mgbanwe na-eji okwu: ihe odide a na-amụghị . akwụkwọ nta e biri ebi nkenke An Orthgraphie, nke e ndidi na 1569; na akwụkwọ ozi dị nkenke A Methode or Comfortable Beginning for All Unlearned, nke e biri na 1570. N'ime ọrụ ndị a, ọ na-akatọ omume nke oge a dị ka ọgba aghara na ihe na-enye isi, ma na-arụ ụka maka orthography mmepụta kpamkpam na-eme phonological. factor ya bụ iwebata usoro ihe ngosi nwere otu na otu n'etitietiti na akara ("to vse as many letters in our writing, as we doe voyces or breathes in speaking, and no more"). [1] Maka Matt a, o webatara akara akaraume ọhụrụ isii maka ụfọdụ l="IPA nowrap" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ð, θʒ,θʒ ʃ"},"2":{"wt":""}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwIg" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Nnochite anya na International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion,">tʃ, nabic "> dʃ usoro dicritics maka ụkwụume. A na-eji akara n'okpuru akara ahụ akara akaraume ogologo, ebe a na-eji ë akara akaraume schwa dị ala.
| Ihe nnọchianya Hart | Nkọwa nke Wikisource | Asụsụ ọdịnala (nke a na-ahụkarị / nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya) | Uru ụdaolu |
|---|---|---|---|
 (dị ka d nwere elu loop ma ọ bụ n'elu ala)
|
∂ | th | /ð/ |
 (dị ka digraph nke f[[)
|
† | th | /θ/ |
 (dị ka ihe na-agbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ digraph nke na-agbakọta na ala)
|
Na-ahụ | ch | /tʃ/ |
 (dị ka nke na-esote site na ịkụ ọkpọ)
|
Ọdịdị | g dị nro | /dʒ/ |
 (dị ka ojiji e ji elu mee)
|
Ọdịdị | sh | /ʃ/ |
 (dị ka azụ, na-enweghị mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ogologo oge na-aga n'elu)
|
l | -le | /l̩/ |
| Ọchịchị | Ọchịchị | -a...na | /aː/ (nke oge a /eɪ/) |
| ẹ | ẹ | ee | /eː/ (nke oge a /iː/) |
| ë | ë | -a | /ə/ |
| ị | ị | -i...na | /iː/ (nke oge a /aɪ/) |
| ọ bụ | ọ bụ | -ma ọ bụ...na | /oː/ (nke oge a /oʊ/) |
| ụgbala | ụgbala | -u...na | /uː/ |
Mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ nke oge a etowo ọrụ Hart maka nyocha fonetiki ya nke ọma banyere Early Modern English nke oge ya, na maka nlezianya ya n'ịchụso ụkpụrụ phonetiki. Nkwurịta okwu ya banyere ịkpọpụta ụdaume na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa nye ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ Bekee, n'ihi na ọ na-edekọ asụsụ Bekee a na-asụ n'etiti oge Great Vowel Shift, nke n'oge Hart na-agbanwe usoro ụdaume nke Bekee. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Hart na-edepụta na ịkpọpụta okwu ndị nwere ogologo /iː/ ma gbanwee gaa na /aɪ/ na Bekee nke oge a ka na-agbanwe agbanwe n'oge ya, na ụfọdụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ejigide /iː / na okwu ụfọdụ, mana diphthong /ɛɪ/ (nke Hart sụgharịrị ei) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndị ọzọ.
Ihe Nlereanya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkụ na-esonụ site na Hart's Orthographie, na mkpụrụ okwu mbụ ya, na-egosi usoro ahụ. (N'ihi ihe ndị metụtara teknụzụ, akara ụdaume ọhụrụ isii nke Hart ejirila akara IPA nke oge a dochie anya ebe a.)
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- An Orthographie (1569) naEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
- A Methode or comfortable beginning for all unlearned (1570) naEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet