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Katuic

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Iri na ise ahụ [1] Asụsụ Katuic bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 1.5 na-asụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia..[2]

Nchịkọta

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N'afọ 1966, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ nke Summer Institute of Linguistics David Thomas na Richard Phillips mere nyocha lexicostatistical nke asụsụ Austroasiatic dị iche iche na Mainland Southeast Asia. Nnyocha a mere ka a mata mpaghara ọhụrụ abụọ dị iche iche nke Austroasiatic, ya bụ Katuic na Bahnaric (Sidwell 2009). Sidwell (2005) na-etinye obi abụọ na echiche Vieto-Katuic nke Diffloth, na-ekwu na ihe akaebe ahụ edoghị anya, nakwa na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ebe Katuic nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ. Ihe ọmụma zuru ezu maka iji ya mee ihe na sub-classification nke asụsụ Katuic na-adị naanị mgbe emeghe Laos maka ndị nchọpụta mba ọzọ na 1990s.

Sidwell (2005)

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Sidwell (2005) chepụtara nkewa nke Katuic n'okpuru ebe a. Tụkwasị na nke a, Sidwell (2009) na-enyocha alaka Katu dị ka obere ìgwè na-agbaso omenala nke Katuic.

  • Alaka ọdịda anyanwụ Katuic: Asụsụ Kuy, Asụsụ Souei Bru: Bru, So, wdg.
    • Asụsụ Kuy: Kuy, Souei
      • Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya
    • Asụsụ Bru: Bru, So, wdg.
      • Bru, So, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
  • Alaka Ta'Oi: Ta'Oi, Katang, Talan/Ong/Ir/Inh Kriang/Ngeq
    • Ta'Oi, Katang, Talan/Ong/Ir/Inh
    • Kriang/Ngeq
  • Alaka Katu:
    • Katu, Phuong, Kantu, Triw, Dak Kang
  • Alaka

Gehrmann (2019)

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Gehrmann (2019) na-atụ aro nkewa ndị na-esonụ nke asụsụ Katuic.

Proto-Katuic

Ethnologue also lists Kassang (the Tariang language), but that is a Bahnaric language (Sidwell 2003). Lê, et al. (2014:294) reports a Katu subgroup called Ba-hi living in mountainous areas of Phong Điền District, Vietnam, but Watson (1996:197) speaks of "Pacoh Pahi" as a Pacoh variety.

Kuy na Bru nke ọ bụla nwere ihe dị ka ọkara nde ndị na-ekwu okwu, ebe ụyọkọ Ta"Oi nwere ihe dị na 200,000 ndị na-asụ okwu.

Asụsụ Mbụ

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Nrụzigharị nke Proto-Katuic, ma ọ bụ alaka ya, gụnyere:

  • Thomas (1967): Nrụzigharị Phonology nke Proto-East-KatuicNtụziaka Phonology nke Proto-East-Katuic
  • Diffloth (1982): Ihe ndekọ, devoisement, stampụ ụdaume: akụkọ ha na katouique
  • Efinov (1983): Nsogbu fonologicheskoj resecccii proto-katuicheskogoNsogbu fonologicheskoj RUCTION proto-katuicheskogo通ka
  • Peiros (1996): Katuic Comparative DictionaryAkwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Katuic
  • Therapahan L-Thongkum (2001): Asụsụ nke Agbụrụ dị na Xekong Province, Southern Laos
  • Paul Sidwell (2005): Asụsụ Katuic: nkewa, nrụzigharị na okwu ntụnyere

Sidwell (2005) na-eweghachi ndepụta nke ụdaume nke proto-Katuic dị ka ndị a:

Akpụkpọ ahụ Alveolar Palatal Velar Mkpịsị aka
Plosive enweghị olu *p *t *c *k *ʔ
kwuru okwu *b *d *ɟ *ɡ
<small id="mwpA">implosive</small> *ɓ *ɗ *ʄ
Ụgbọ imi *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Mmiri *w *l, *r *j
Ihe na-esiri ike *s *h

Nke a yiri nrụzigharị nke proto-Austroasiatic ma e wezụga maka *, nke echekwara nke ọma n'asụsụ Katuic karịa na alaka ndị ọzọ nke Austro-Asiatic, nke Sidwell kwenyere na ọ dịkwa na Proto-Mon Khmer.

Isoglosses nke okwu

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Paul Sidwell (2015:185-186) depụtara ihe ọhụrụ ndị na-esonụ pụrụ iche na Katuic nke dochiri ụdị Proto-Austroasiatic mbụ.

Nkọwa Proto-Katuic Ebe Ọdịdị nke Austria
nwunye *kɗial *kdɔːr
afọ *Kmụgbọ mmiri *cnam
agwọ *Dur *ɟaːt
mushroom *trɨa *psit
ọkpụkpụ *ʔŋhaaŋ *cʔaːŋ
isii *tbat *t nwa
asatọ *Tg na-eme *thaːm
isi[3] *pləə *b/ɓuːk; *kuːj

Sidwell (2015:173) depụtara isoglosses lexical ndị a n'etiti Katuic na Bahnaric.

Nkọwa Proto-Katuic Ụgbọ mmiri Proto-Bahnaric Ihe edeturu
mkpo osisi *ʔnɗɔh *kɗuh
mkpịsị aka *knrias *krʔniəh Lee: Khmer kiəh 'na-acha'
akpụkpọ ahụ *ʔŋkar *ʔəkaːr
iguzo ọtọ *dɨk *dɨk nwere ike ịgbazite ya na Chamic
osisi/osisi N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n"ụlọ *ʔlɔːŋ Lee: Proto-Khmuic *cʔɔːŋ
ụta *Pannaɲ *Pannaɲ Lee: Old M pnaɲ 'ndị agha'
mpi *ʔakiː *ʔəkɛː
ogwe aka, sole *trpaːŋ *-paːŋ
nnu *bɔːh *bɔh
izuru ohi *toŋ *toŋ
iri *ɟit * ihe e dere n'ala

Furthermore, Gerard Diffloth (1992) lists the words 'centipede', 'bone', 'to cough', 'to fart', 'to breathe', and 'blood' as isoglosses shared between Katuic and Vietic. A Vieto-Katuic connection has also been proposed by Alves (2005).

Hụkwa

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  • Ndepụta nke Proto-Katuic reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2018. Ntughari okwu Katuic na ọdịdị ọdịdị na anya diachronic. Na Ring, Hiram & Felix Rau (ed.), Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ Mba nke asaa na Austroasiatic Linguistics, 132-156. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Special Publication No. 3. Honolulu: Mahadum nke Hawai'i Press.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2017. The Historical Phonology of Kriang, A Katuic Language. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 10.1, 114-139.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2016. Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ: ụdaolu na ngwaọrụ nchọpụta. Chiang Mai: Payap University MA Thesis.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2015. Vowel Height and Register Assignment na Katuic E debere Wayback Machine. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 8. 56–70.
  • Gehrmann, Ryan na Johanna Conver. 2015. Katuic Phonological Features E debere Wayback Machine. Mon-Khmer Studies 44. 55–67.
  • Choo, Marcus 2012. Ọnọdụ nke Katuic E debere Wayback Machine. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Choo, Marcus 2010. Katuic Bibliography with Selected Annotations Archived 2019-07-06 at the Wayback Machine. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • Choo, Marcus 2009. Katuic Bibliography E debere Wayback Machine. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. Asụsụ Katuic: nkewa, nrụzigharị na ntụnyere okwu echekwara Wayback Machine. LINCOM ọmụmụ na asụsụ Eshia 58. Munich: LINCOM Europe.  
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. Proto-Katuic phonology na sub-grouping nke asụsụ Mon-Khmer Archived Wayback Machine. Na Paul Sidwell (ed.), SEALSXV: Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ nke 15 nke South East Asian Linguistics Society, 193-204. Asụsụ Pacific PL E1. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific.
  • Theraphan L-Thongkum 2002. Ọrụ nke asụsụ Mon-Khmer dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke Xekong Province, Southern Laos, na iwughachi Proto-Katuic. Na Marlys Macken (ed.), Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ nke Iri Kwa Afọ nke Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 407–429. Usoro ihe omume maka ọmụmụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, Mahadum steeti Arizona.
  • Theraphan L-Thongkum 2001. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka ya bụ "Akwụkwọ Nsọ" Phasa khong nanachon pound nai khweng Sekong Lao Tai. [Asụsụ nke agbụrụ dị na mpaghara Xekong, Southern Laos]. Bangkok: The Thailand Research Fund.
  • Peiros, Ilia 1996. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Katuic. Asụsụ Pacific C-132. Canberra: Mahadum Mba Australia. ISBN 0-85883-435-9  
  • Miller, John & Carolyn Miller. 1996. Ntụnyere okwu nke asụsụ Katuic Mon-Khmer na-elekwasị anya pụrụ iche na ndị otu So-Bru na Northeast Thailand. Mon-Khmer Studies 26. 255–290.
  • Migliazza, Brian 1992. Nnyocha lexicostatistic nke ụfọdụ asụsụ Katuic. Na Amara Prasithrathsint & Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin (ed.), 3rd International Symposium on Language and Linguistics, 1320-1325. Bangkok: Mahadum Chulalongkorn.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1985. Nnyocha ntụnyere nke Kui, Bruu na So phonology site n'echiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University MA thesis.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1983. Nsogbu nke mmezigharị asụsụ proto-katouik. Probljemy phonologichjeskoj rjekonstruktsii Proto-Katuichjeskovo通. [Ihe na-akpata na nhazi ụdaume nke asụsụ Proto-Katuic]. Moscow: Institute of Far Eastern na-amụ akwụkwọ edemede Moscow.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1982. Ihe ndekọ, mkpịsị aka, stampụ ụdaolu: akụkọ ha na Katouique. [Registers, devoicing, vowel phonation: akụkọ ihe mere eme ha na Katuic]. Mon-Khmer Studies 11. 47–82.
  • Thomas, Dorothy M. (1967). Ntụziaka ụdaume nke Proto-East Katuic. Grand Forks: Mahadum nke North Dakota MA thesis.

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Family: Austroasiatic. Glottolog. Retrieved on 4 November 2024.
  2. ↑ Austroasiatic Languages. The Language Gulper. Retrieved on 4 November 2024.
  3. ↑ Sidwell (2021). "Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages", The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter, 179–206. DOI:10.1515/9783110558142-011. 

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