Lubna al-Hussein
Lubna Ahmed al-Hussein bụ onye Alakụba Sudan, onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi na onye na-akwado ndị mba ụwa na Julaị 2009, mgbe a gbara ya ikpe maka iyi uwe ogologo ọkpa. Okwu ya ghọrọ ihe kpatara célèbre, yana otu dị ka Arabic Network for Human Rights Information[1] na Amnesty International na-ewepụta nkwupụta nkwado.
Onye nta akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Al-Hussein bụ onye nta akụkọ bụ onye, n'oge e jidere ya na 2009, na-arụ ọrụ maka ngalaba mgbasa ozi nke United Nations Mission na Sudan.[1]A maara ya maka nkatọ ọha na eze ọ na-akatọ gọọmentị Sudan na-emeso ụmụ nwanyị.
Akpa uwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2009, usoro iwu nke obodo ahụ dabere na iwu Alakụba (sharia), ma kwe ka ntaramahụhụ ụlọ ikpe dị ka ọkọlọtọ. Iwu mpụ nke oge ahụ machibidoro iyi uwe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n'ihu ọha, ebubo nke na-ebu ntaramahụhụ 40 lashes na nra. Dịka onye isi ndị uwe ojii siri kwuo, na 2008 na Khartoum State naanị, ejidere ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 40 000 maka mmejọ uwe; a maghị mmadụ ole a mara ikpe ma ọ bụ tie ihe.[2]
Isiokwu 152
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Nkeji edemede 152 na Memorandum na Iwu Mpụ nke 1991 bụ:
- 152 Omume rụrụ arụ na nke rụrụ arụ
- (1) Onye ọ bụla na-eme ihe rụrụ arụ n'ebe ọha na eze ma ọ bụ omume megidere omume ọha na eze Ma ọ bụ na-eyi uwe rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ megidere omume ihu ọha ma ọ bụ na na-akpata iwe ọha ga-enweta ntaramahụhụ site na ịpịa ya ihe nke nwere ike ọ gaghị agafe iri anọ ma ọ bụ site na ịkwụ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ha abụọ.
- (2) Omume ahụ ga-emegide omume ọha na eze ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ewere ya dị ka nke a dịka ụkpụrụ nke okpukpe onye ahụ ma ọ bụ omenala nke mba ebe omume ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ.
Njide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2009, ndị uwe ojii na-ahụ maka iwu ọha na eze banyere n'ụlọ nzukọ Kawkab Elsharq, na-achọ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ọ bụla na-eyi brọsh.[3]Al-Hussein - onye bịara ịdebanye aha oriri agbamakwụkwọ nwa nwanne nne ma na-ele onye na-agụ egwú Ijipt ma na-aṅụ mmanya coke ka ọ na-echere - e jidere ya na ụmụ nwanyị iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ.[4]Iri n'ime ha kwupụtara na ikpe mara ha ozugbo, a pịa onye ọ bụla ihe iri, ma hapụ ha. Hussein na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ndị ọzọ jụrụ onyinye a ma sie ọnwụ na a ga-ekpe ha ikpe.
N'etiti njide na ikpe ahụ, Hussein malitere ịkpọsa ikpe ahụ site na ibipụta kaadị ịkpọ òkù 500 ma zipụ ozi ịntanetị nwere isiokwu "Onye nta akụkọ Sudanese Lubna na-akpọ gị ọzọ ka ọ tie ya ụtarị echi".[5]Hussein ejirila ọgụ iwu ya dị ka ikpo okwu ọha na eze maka ịwakpo edemede 152, n'ihi na ụzọ e si etinye ya na Sudan abụghị nke iwu kwadoro, ma ọ bụ nke iwu Shariah kwadoro. Mgbalị ya emeela ka ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ógbè ahụ gosipụta nkwado n'ihu ọha, kamakwa ime ihe ike site n'aka ndị Alakụba.[6]
Ịpụta n'ụlọ ikpe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe e kpere ikpe ahụ, ọkàikpe ahụ kwuru na a ga-achụ ya, na-egosi na ọ na-enweta nchebe pụọ n'ịbụ onye a gbara akwụkwọ n'ihi ọrụ United Nations ya. Al-Hussein kwuru na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ ọrụ ya, ma nwalee iwu. Ọ bụrụ na a mara ya ikpe, o kwupụtara ebumnobi ya ịgbagharị ikpe ya n’ụlọikpe dị elu na ọbụna ụlọikpe iwu, ná mgbalị ịgbanwe iwu ahụ..[5]
N'oge nke abụọ Al-Hussein pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe, n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, onye ọka ikpe yigharịrị ikpe ya ọzọ, n'oge a maka otu ọnwa, na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ inweta ndụmọdụ banyere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ikpe ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. N'èzí ụlọ ikpe, ndị uwe ojii gbara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eyi uwe elu gas.[7]Ban Ki-moon, Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN, kwupụtara nchegbu ya banyere ntaramahụhụ ọ na-eche ihu.
N'ụbọchị nke asaa n'ọnwa Septemba, a mara ya ikpe ma kwụọ ya ụgwọ 500 Sudanese pound, mana a maghị ya ikpe ịpịa ya ụtarị. O kwuru na ya bu n'obi ịghara ịkwụ ụgwọ, ma dị njikere ịnagide otu ọnwa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ kama.[8] Mpụta nke atọ a gosipụtara ndị nnọchi anya mba na ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na-ele ikpe ahụ n'ụlọ ikpe, na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'èzí. Ndị nta akụkọ gụrụ ihe dị ka 150 n'ime ndị nke ikpeazụ, bụ ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-emegide ma bụrụ ndị ndị uwe ojii na-eme ọgba aghara na-eti ihe. E jidere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe iri anọ ma tọhapụ ha na mgbapụta.[8]
Mgbasa ozi mba ụwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe Hussein nwara iji ụgbọelu gaa Lebanọn na mbido Ọgọstụ 2009 maka ajụjụ ọnụ banyere ikpe ya, ndị ọchịchị Sudan gbochiri ya ịhapụ mba ahụ.[9]
N'èzí Sudan, nkwado maka ikpe ya ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto, n'agbanyeghị ihe ọmụma ya banyere otu mgbasa ozi si arụ ọrụ na kọntaktị mba ụwa ya. Ihe omume redio BBC bụ Woman's Hour tụlere ókè ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na Britain leghaara ikpe ahụ anya.[10]
Mmegide megide iwu ahụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okwu Hussein ghọrọ ihe nlele maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Sudan.[1] Hussein, onye na-ewere onwe ya dị ka ezigbo onye Alakụba ma yikwa uwe ogologo ọkpa na-adịghị mma nke ogologo uwe elu kpuchie ya,[2] na-ekwu na ikpe ahụ "abụghị maka okpukpere chi, ọ bụ maka ụmụ nwoke na-emeso ụmụ nwanyị ihe ọjọọ." O kwuru na ya chọrọ ịgbanwe iwu n'aha ụmụ nwanyị Sudan niile.[3] Ọ rụrụ ụka na Nkeji edemede 152, nke na-enye ohere ịpịa ma ọ bụ nra onye ọ bụla nke "na-emebi omume ọha ma ọ bụ yi uwe na-adịghị mma" na-akọwapụtaghị "uwe na-adịghị mma", n'onwe ya megidere ma iwu 2005 nwa oge nke Sudan na Sharia.
N'abalị nke atọ Hussein pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe, Amnesty International (AI) wepụtara nkwupụta na-arịọ gọọmentị Sudan ka ha kagbuo Akụkụ nke 152 ma wepụ ebubo ndị e boro ya. AI kwuru na African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights "nyere Sudan iwu ka ọ gbanwee Nkeji edemede 152 n'ihi na ịpịa ụtarị bụ ịta ahụhụ nke gọọmentị kwadoro" n'afọ 2003.[11]
Dị ka otu isiokwu dị na Foreign Policy si kwuo, ikpe a gbara ndị na-eme ihe ike dịgasị iche iche ume, site na NGO ruo na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ibe ha, ka ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na mbọ ha na-agba ịgbanwe iwu ahụ.
Mba Maka Mmegbu megide Ụmụ nwanyị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkwụsi ike Hussein na ndị ọrụ ibe ya abụọ na-aga ikpe ikpe na uwe ogologo ọkpa mere ka e mepụta No to Mmegbu megide Women Initiative, [1] nke afọ iri ka e mesịrị bụ otu n'ime ndị debanyere aha na nkwupụta Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC). na Jenụwarị 1, 2019.[2] Enweghị mmegide megide mmegide ụmụ nwanyị ozugbo na n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè, site na FFC, nyere aka na 2018-2019 Sudanese Revolution.[3] N'ime usoro mgbanwe nke ọnwa 39 na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, Ihsan Fagiri, n'aha nke No to Mmegbu megide Women Initiative, mere mkpesa megide ụdị nwoke naanị nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha igbuchapụ nke Khartoum mepụtara na Ọktọba 2019. O kwuru na, dịka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nwere. e gburu ma ọ bụ tụba ya n'ime osimiri Naịl, ndị inyom na ndị nwoke 70 e dinara n'ike, [4] [5] na ụmụ nwanyị atọ ndị e dinara n'ike gburu onwe ha mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, a ga-anọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị òtù kọmiti.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Sudan
- Ikpe nkwulu nke anụ ọhịa bea nke Sudan
- Òtù nnwere onwe n'ime Islam
- Ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba
- Hijab
- Islam na uwe
- Iwu ejiji site na mba
- Ndị uwe ojii okpukpe Alakụba, mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka mutaween
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Editorial. "In praise of… Lubna Hussein", The Guardian, 31 July 2009. Retrieved on 2010-01-21.
- ↑ Hussein. "When I think of my trial, I pray my fight won't be in vain", The Guardian, 4 September 2009. Retrieved on 6 May 2017.
- ↑ Osman. "'Whip me if you dare' says Lubna Hussein, Sudan's defiant trouser woman", The Daily Telegraph, 1 August 2009. Retrieved on 21 January 2010.
- ↑ Feminist Wire. "Journalist Goes to Trial in Sudan Flogging Case", MS. Magazine, Feminist Majority Foundation, 30 July 2009.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Copnall. "Lubna Hussein: "I'm not afraid of being flogged. It doesn't hurt. But it is insulting"", The Observer, 2 August 2009. Retrieved on 21 January 2010. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "obs20090802" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Sudanese 'trousers woman' jailed", Article, BBC, 7 September 2009. Retrieved on 20 December 2011.
- ↑ "Protests at Sudan woman's trial", BBC News Online, 4 August 2009.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 BBC News - Sudanese 'trousers woman' jailed. news.bbc.co.uk (7 September 2009). Retrieved on 6 May 2017.
- ↑ "Sudanese woman in trouser case banned from travel", Reuters, 11 August 2009. Retrieved on 21 January 2010.
- ↑ BBC (4 September 2009). BBC - Radio 4 Woman's Hour -Feminism and Lubna Hussein. BBC.co.uk. Retrieved on 6 May 2017.
- ↑ Sudan: Amnesty International calls on government to repeal law penalising women for wearing trousers. Amnesty.org.uk. Retrieved on 6 May 2017.