Mansi
Asụsụ Mansi Ndị Mansi na-asụ asụsụ ndị a na Siberia, Russia n'akụkụ Osimiri Ob na mpaghara mmiri ya, na Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, na Sverdlovsk Oblast. A na-ewere ha dịka otu asụsụ n'oge gara aga, ha bụ alaka nke asụsụ Ugric, n'ime ezinụlọ asụsụ Uralic sara mbara. A na-ewerekarị ha dị ka ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na Khanty gbara agbata obi, wee si na Hungarian
Asụsụ isi nke asụsụ Mansi bụ Asụsụ Sosva, onye nnọchi anya asụsụ ugwu. usoro okwu a na-ejighị n'aka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Mansi. Adverbials na participles na-arụ ọrụ dị ikpe n'ịmepụta ahịrịokwu. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [citation needed]
Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2020-2021, mmadụ 2229 kwuru na ha na-asụ Mansi n'asụsụ ala.[1] Ndị niile na-asụ asụsụ ugbu a na-eji Northern Mansi, ebe ụdị ndị ọzọ adịkwaghị.[2]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A kewara Mansi n'ime otu olumba anọ bụ́ isi nke na-enweghị nghọta n'otu n'otu, ya mere a na-ewere ya dịka asụsụ anọ kacha mma. Enwere ike ịtọ nkewa mbụ n'etiti ụdị dị iche iche nke Ndịda na ndị ọzọ. A na-ekekọtakwa ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche n'etiti ụdị dị iche iche nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, ebe ụfọdụ mgbanwe ụda ndị e mesịrị gbasaa n'etiti Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ugwu (a na-ahụkwa ha n'ụfọdụ olumba ndị dị nso na Northern Khanty n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ).
A maara olumba dị iche iche dabere na osimiri ndị na-asụ ha bi (d) na ya: [3] All of the sub-dialects given above are those which were still spoken in the late 19th and early 20th century and have been documented in linguistic sources on Mansi, except for certain varieties of Western and Southern Mansi, spoken further west; the Tagil, Tura and Chusovaya dialects of Southern[4] and the Vishera dialect of Western,[5] found in pre-scientific records from the 18th and early 19th centuries.
Asụsụ abụọ a kpọtụrụ aha n'ikpeazụ bụ ndị a na-asụ na ndagwurugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ural, ebe ọtụtụ isi mmalite Russia na-edekọ ebe obibi Mansi. A na-eji ihe akaebe nke Aha ebe mee ihe iji gosipụta ọnụnọ Mansi ka na-eru n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'oge gara aga, [6] ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ nke a dị ka ihe na-enweghị isi. [7]
Northern Mansi nwere mmetụta siri ike nke Russian, Komi, Nenets, na Northern Khanty, ọ bụkwa ntọala nke asụsụ Mansi. Enweghị ikpe ebubo; ya bụ, ma ọrụ ebubo na ebubo enweghị akara na aha. */æ/ na */æː/ akwadowo na [a] na [aː].
A kọwara Western Mansi dị ka "ma eleghị anya na-adịghịzi adị" n'afọ 1988. Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị onye ikpeazụ kwuru okwu, a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe doro anya na ọ dịghị onye fọdụrụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20. [2] O nwere mmetụta siri ike nke Russian na Komi; ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ dị iche iche dịkwa ukwuu.[8] A na-eji ụdaume ogologo eme ihe.
Eastern Mansi kwụsịrị na 2018, mgbe onye ikpeazụ na-ekwu okwu ya bụ Maksim Šivtorov (Maksim Semyonovich Shivторов) nwụrụ. [2] O nwere mmetụta Khanty na Siberian Tatar. Enwere nkwekọrịta ụdaume, maka */æː/ ọ nwere [œː], na-abụkarị diphthongized.
Southern (Tavda) Mansi ka edere site na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ụdị Mansi ndị ọzọ. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1900, e nwere narị ndị na-ekwu okwu; n'afọ ndị 1960, ọ bụ naanị ndị agadi ole na ole na-asụ ya, ma kemgbe ahụ, ọ kwụsịrị.[12] O nwere mmetụta siri ike nke Tatar ma gosipụta ọtụtụ archaisms dị ka nkwekọrịta ụdaume, ijigide /y/ (ebe ọzọ jikọtara ya na */æ/), /tsj/ (ebe ọ bụla a na-akpọ /sj/), /æː/ (ebe ndị ọzọ na-akpọ ya /aː/ ma ọ bụ diphthongized) na /ɑː/ (ebe ọzọ e buliri ya na /oː/).
Ntụnyere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bekee | Ebe Ugwu [9] | Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ [10] | Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ | Ndịda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sosva | U. Lozva [11] | Sygva | Ob | Jukonda | Upper Konda | Maazị Lozva | L. Lozva | Unu - Ugboro | Verho-Tur | Tavda | |
| Mụ onwe m | am (am) | am (am) | am (am) | am (am) | Å̄m (åm) | ом, am (om, am) | (äm) | (äm) | am (am) | Ihe (anyị) | (äm) |
| ị | Naŋ | Naŋ | Naŋ | Naŋ | Nэй (näj) | Naịg (näγ) | (N'ihi ya) | (näi) | Naị (nai) | (nøu, nū) | |
| mmiri | witt (wit) | witt (wit) | witt (wit) | witt (wit) | viть (wiť) | viть (wiť) | (wüť) | (üť) | Ulite (ujt) | Nwa (uť) | (uť) |
| ịga | __ibo____ibo__ Nke a bụ nke a na-akpọ "Minuŋkwe" | __ibo____ibo__ Minikv (Minuŋkw) | __ibo____ibo__ Nke a bụ nke a na-akpọ "Minuŋkwe" | Mọnke, Mọnke | Mọn, Mọn (menəχ) | Menχ | Oge m ga-eme | Oge m ga-eme | mọnk (minəγ) | (mińəŋ) | |
| nwanyị | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | нэ̄ (nē) | N'ihi ya, | (nē) | (nē) | ọ bụghị, ọ bụghị (n'e, ọ bụghị) | (Nị) | |
| nwoke | HUM (χum) | HUM (χum) | HUM (χum) | HUM (χum) | ̊ хам (χåm) | Kom (kom) | (khum) | (khum) | Kom (kom) | ||
| nwa nwoke | ụfụfụ (piγ) | ọnyà | ụfụfụ (piγ) | ụfụfụ (piγ) | __ibo____ibo__ N'ikwu okwu n'ikwu ihe n'ikuku | пуу, пуув | (pūγ) | [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] | (pu, pøw) | ||
| pine (Pinus sylvestris) | ya bụ (tarəγ) | onye na-eme ihe nkiri (tarəj) | ya bụ (tarəγ) | ya bụ (tarəγ) | __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Iri na Otu | (Tari) | (tøri) | тари (tari) | (nke a na-akpọ ~ ~ tāru, å̄nu) | ||
| okwu | laʹtē (lātəŋ) | laʹtē (lātəŋ) | laʹtē (lātəŋ) | laʹtē (lātəŋ) | Laʹh, Laʹh (läŋχ, ľaŋχ/χ) | ogbu, ogbu (laχ, ľeχ) | (lātėχ ~ lātėŋ) | (ľēk) | |||
| ezi ihe | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмас (jomas) | ёмс, ёмщ (joms, jomś) | amị (jam) | (Kaị) | (Kaị) | amọs (jama) | (Jumås, lönk) | |
| abụọ | Kit, kiets (kit, kitiγ) | Kitii, Kitii (kit, kitij) | mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi (ťit, ťitiγ) | Kit, kiets (kit, kitiγ) | Ndị na-eso ụzọ (kīt, kītej) | onye Qeta (Kitej) | Kat (kita) | (kiťi) | |||
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) Palatal |
Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Labialized | |||||
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /nʲ/ | /ŋ/ | /ŋʷ/ | |
| Stop | /p/ | /t/ | /tʲ/ | /k/ | /kʷ/ | |
| Affricate | /ɕ/1 ~ /sʲ/ |
|||||
| Fricative | voiceless | /s/ | /x/2 | /xʷ/3 | ||
| voiced | /ɣ/ | */ɣʷ/4 | ||||
| Semivowel | /j/ | /w/ | ||||
| Lateral | /l/ | /lʲ/ | ||||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||
Ndepụta e gosipụtara ebe a bụ nchịkọta kachasị elu nke akụkụ ndị a hụrụ n'ofe ụdị Mansi. Okwu ụfọdụ:
- /ɕ/ bụ allophone nke /sj/ .[12]
- A na-ahụ ụdaolu /x/, /xw/ naanị n'ìgwè Northern na Lower Konda dialect nke ìgwè Eastern, nke sitere na spirantization nke *k, *kw dị n'akụkụ ụdaume azụ mbụ.
- Dị ka Honti si kwuo, enwere ike ịmegharị ọdịiche dị n'etiti *w na *ɣw, mana nke a anaghị apụta na ụdị ọ bụla a kwadoro.
- Ọdịiche dị n'etiti velars malitere na Proto-Mansi, mana ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ụdị nke e wusiri ike site na labialization nke velars dị n'akụkụ ụdaume gbara gburugburu. Karịsịa, Proto-Mansi *yK → Core Mansi *æKw (ụdị Transphonologization).
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro ụdaume gafee Mansi na-egosi nnukwu ihe dị iche iche. Dị ka ọ dị n'ofe asụsụ Uralic, ọtụtụ ọdịiche dị iche iche nwere ike ime na mbido, mkpụrụedemede a na-ekwusi ike karịa na ndị a na-ejighị ike. Enwere ike ịchọta ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ụdaume 18-19 n'asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ọwụwa anyanwụ, ebe Northern Mansi nwere usoro dị ala nke ụdaume 8, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị obere **/e/ ma nwee ogologo [iː]:
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ RosStat. Росстат — Итоги ВПН-2020. Том 5 Национальный состав и владение языками. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. (ru). Retrieved on 2024-02-04.
- 1 2 3 Salminen (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization", in Abondolo: The Uralic languages, 2nd, Routledge Language Family, London New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8. Salminen, Tapani (2023).
- ↑ Honti (1998). "ObUgrian", in Abondolo: The Uralic Languages. Taylor & Francis, 327–328. ISBN 0-415-08198-X.
- ↑ Gulya (1958). "Egy 1736-ból származó manysi nyelvemlék". Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (60): 41–45.
- ↑ Kannisto (1918). "Ein Wörterverzeichnis eines ausgestorbenen wogulischen Dialektes in den Papieren M. A. Castréns". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskira (30/8).
- ↑ Kannisto (1927). "Über die früheren Wohngebiete der Wogulen". Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen (XVIII): 57–89.
- ↑ Napolskikh (2002). ""Ugro-Samoyeds" in Eastern Europe?". Finnisch-Ugrische Mitteilungen (24/25): 127–148.
- ↑ Kálmán (1965). Vogul Chrestomathy, Indiana University Publications. Uralic and Altaic Series. The Hague: Mouton, 4–5.
- ↑ E. I. Rombandejeva (2005). Русско-Мансийский словарь (Е. Ромбандеева). Saint-Petersburg: ООО "Миралл". ISBN 5-902499-14-3.
- ↑ E. A. Kuzakova (1994). Словарь манси (восточный диалект). Moskwa: Российская академия наук, Ин-т этнологии и антропологии им. Миклухо-Маклая.
- ↑ T. P. Bakhtiarova (2016). Мансийско-русский словарь (верхне-лозьвинский диалект). Khanty-Mansiysk: ФОРМАТ. ISBN 978-5-9906863-8-0.
- ↑ Rombandeeva (2017). Sovremennyĭ mansiĭskiĭ i︠a︡zyk: leksika, fonetika, grafika, orfografii︠a︡, morfologii︠a︡, slovoobrazovanie, Obsko-ugorskiĭ institut prikladnykh issledovaniĭ i razrabotok, Обско-угорский институт прикладных исследований и разработок. ISBN 978-5-6040210-8-8. OCLC 1062352461.