Mapoyo-Yabarana

 

Mapoyo, ma ọ bụ Mapoyo–Yavarana, bụ asụsụ Carib a na-asụ n'akụkụ Osimiri Suapure na Parguaza, Venezuela . Ndị bi na Mapoyo kwesịrị ekwesị dị ihe dịka 365. O nwere ike ịbụ na olumba Yabarana ekpochapụla; A maara ndị ọkà okwu 20 na 1977. Achọpụtara olumba ọzọ, Pémono, na 1998. Ọ bụ nanị otu nwanyị dị afọ 80 kwuru ya, ọ pụwokwa n'iyi kemgbe.

fonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Kwụsị	p	t		k	ʔ
Ihu imi	m	n	ɲ
Nke na-ese okwu	β	s			h
Rhotic		ɾ
Odika	w		j

• /h/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka palatal [ç] mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu plosive na-enweghị olu.
• /n/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka velar [ŋ] mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu velar /k/.
• Enwere ike ịnụ /β/ dị ka nkwụsị ụda [b], mgbe emechara plosive ma ọ bụ glottal na-enweghị olu /ʔ/.
• Enwere ike ịnụ /s/ na allophone nke [ts] mgbe okwu-mmalite, ma ọ bụ mgbe glottal /ʔ/ gachara.
• Enwere ike ịnụ /j/ dị ka okwu na-atụgharị uche [ʝ], mgbe tupu ụdaume azụ.

Udaume

	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i	ɨ	u
N'etiti	e	ɘ	o
Dị ala		a

• A na-ebelata ụda /i, u/ ka ọ bụrụ [ɪ, ʊ] n'ọnọdụ mkpụrụokwu-ikpeazụ.
• A na-anụ /ɘ/ ka ụda [ə] dị ala mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ /h/, ma ọ bụ na-eso /β/.
• A na-anụ /a/ dị ka [ɑ] mgbe ọ na-eme mgbe ụda bilabial nke mbụ gasịrị.

Ntụaka

iche nke na enwere ike were ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Ọzọkwa Caño Padilla-La Laguna. Olumba ndị Venezuela

• Granadillo, Tania. 2019. El mapoyo y la rama venezolana de lenguas caribes . Cadernos de Etnolingüística, mpịakọta 7, número 1, julho/2019, p. 43-55.

Njikọ mpụga

• Yabarana ndepụta okwu