Margery Jourdemayne
Margery Jourdemayne, "Nwoke nke Anya Na-esote Westminster" (tupu 1415 - 27 Ọktoba 1441) bụ ekiri England nke e boro ebubo "nkwenye mkpuchi na amoosu". O Paris ka ụlọ ikpe ikpe mara ya ikpe; ọ dịghị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na-akwado ebubo ahụ. Edward Coke kwuo ikpeazụ na ọ hụla akwụkwọ na a gbara ya ọkụ De heretico comburendo. A gbara ya ọkụ n'osisi na Smithfield Market na 27 Ọktoba 1441.
Ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Margery lụrụ William Jourdemayne. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla maara banyere ezinụlọ nke ya, ezinụlọ di ya nke Jourdemayne nwere nke ọma ma nwee ọganihu Middlesex yeomen site na opekata mpe na narị afọ nke iri na anọ. Ihe aha nna nna pụtara nwere ike ịpụta na French ochie maka onye ọrụ ụbọchị-jour de main.
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Site na mbido afọ 1430, Margery yiri ka ọ nọgidere na-enwe ọtụtụ ndị ụkọchukwu na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ, nke dịtụ iche maka nwunye onye na-azụ ehi.
Margery akụkọ William Jourdemayne. Ọ bụ ebe na ọ dịghị ihe a maara mpaghara mpaghara ya, akara di ya nke Jourdemayne bụ ndị Middlesex yeomen adi nke ọma ma nwee ike site na ọ na-achọ ala na njedebe nke ozi nke iri na anọ. Orị ka ihe aha nna ahụ sitere na Old French maka otu ụbọchị onye ọrụ-jour de main.
N'afọ 1432, ndị mkpọrọ ibe ya nọ na Windsor Castle gụnyere ndị ụkọchukwu na ndị ụkọchị, otu n'ime ha, Ashwell, bụ onye maara nke ọma na nkà mmụta mbara igwe ma ga-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma na June 1433 buru amụma banyere chi jiri n'ehihie.[1]
Southwell, onye nwere ike ịbụ dọkịta onwe onye nke Eleanor, bụ dọkịta a ma ama, n'ụlọ ma n'ụlọ eze ma n'obodo London. Ya, ya na Gilbert Kymer, dọkịta Duke Humphry, na John Somerset, so na ndị rịọrọ onye isi obodo na obodo London maka ntọala nke kọleji nke ndị dọkịta na ndị dọkụ na-awa ahụ na 1423. N'afọ sochirinụ, Kymer bụ Master nke kọleji ahụ, Somerset na Southwell bụ ndị nyocha ma ọ bụ ndị nlekọta ya abụọ. [2] [3] [4][5][6]
E nwere ihe akaebe ụfọdụ nke ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-eji nkà Margery, dị ka Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, onye a na-ekwu na ọ gakwuuru Margery Jourdemayne, onye amoosu a ma ama nke Anya, gbasara omume ya na akara aka n'oge esemokwu na-abịanụ. Ọ gwara ya na a ga-emeri ya ma gbuo ya n'ụlọ elu: mana ọ bụrụhaala na ọ chịkọtara ndị agha ya ma lụọ ọgụ n'ọhịa, ọ ga-enwe mmeri ma ghara imerụ ya ahụ.[7]
Ihe mere n'afọ 1432
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'oge ikpe nke afọ 1441, a kpughere na e jidere Margery ọnwa ole na ole na Windsor Castle afọ iri gara aga maka mmebi iwu a na-akọwaghị akọwa gbasara amoosu. N'afọ 1430, e jidere ndị amoosu asaa na London ma bo ha ebubo na ha na-akpa nkata igbu Eze Henry na-eto eto wee tụọ ha mkpọrọ na Fleet; ọ ga-ekwe omume na Margery bụ otu n'ime asaa a.
N'ihe omume ọ bụla, na 22 Nọvemba nke afọ ahụ, a kwụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi agha eze ụgwọ iji duru 'otu nwanyị' si n'obodo London gaa Windsor, ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, a kwụọ ụgwọ ọzọ maka ịkpọrọ John Ashwell n'otu njem ahụ. Akwụkwọ iwu sochirinụ nyere onye isi nke Windsor Castle, John Wintershull, maka ụgwọ ọ na-akwụ maka idebe Friar John na Margery Jourdemayne, na ndị mkpọrọ ha abụọ, site na 18th November 1430 ruo 9th May 1432. Akwụkwọ ozi ọzọ nke July 1432 nyere ikike ịkwụ Wintershull ụgwọ maka ụgwọ ya. maka idebe Margery na Ashwell.[1]
Na 9 Mee 1432, a nyochara Margery, tinyere Friar John Ashwell na John Virley (onye odeakwụkwọ), maka ebubo nke amoosu. A tọhapụrụ Ashwell na Virley na nkwenye nke ha, mana a tọhapụrụ Margery n'ọnọdụ nke omume ọma ya n'ọdịnihu nakwa na ọ kwụsịrị ịgba afa.
Ihe mere n'afọ 1441
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ikpe nke dugara na ogbugbu Margery Jourdemayne idheer nke ọma ma ịga ya eje ije nke iri na ise. Eleanor Cobham, Duchess nke Gloucester, kenene Humphrey nke Lancaster, 1st Duke nke Glouvester, e boro ya ebubo afa mgba okpuru, ebe ndị a na-ebo ebubo: Roger Bolingbroke, John Hume (ma ọ bụ Home), Thomas Southwell na Margery boro ebubo iji amoosu mee ka ụgwọ Henry VI.[1] (Di Cobham bụ onye na-esote n'ocheeze.)
Atọ n'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo bụ ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị ụkọchukwu nke ụlọ ikpe Duke. Onye nke anọ bụ Margery Jourdemayne, nwanyị a mụrụ n'ụzọ dị ala, nke a na-ebo ebubo "nkwenye ụgha na amoosu" dịka akụkọ ihe mere eme si kwuo.
N'oge ụfọdụ n'etiti July na September 1441, ndị ikom eze jidere Margery ma kpọga ya na Tower of London.
A maara Margery ruo ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nwere ike inye ọgwụ na ọgwụ bara uru n'ịkwalite ịhụnanya na ime ime ime ime ma ọ bụ kwụsị.
There was a Beldame [old woman] called the wytch of Ey,
Old mother Madge her neyghbours did hir name
Which wrought wonders in countryes by heresaye
Both feendes [fiends] and fayries her charmyng would obay
And dead corpsis from grave she could uprere
Suche an inchauntresse, as that tyme had no peere.[8]
O Paris ka ụlọ ikpe ikpe mara ya ikpe; ọ dịghị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na-akwado ebubo ahụ. Edward Coke kwuo ikpeazụ na ọ hụla akwụkwọ na a gbara ya ọkụ De heretico comburendo. A gbara ya ọkụ n'osisi na Smithfield Market na 27 Ọktoba 1441.[9]
N'akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Margery nwanne na Henry VI nke William Shakespeare, Nkebi nke 2, dị ka Margery Jourdayn, sere onye ya na ya na-ebo ebubo. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ede akwụkwọ Philippa Gregory nke afọ 2011 ịhụ Jacquetta nke Luxembourg, The Lady of the Rivers .
N'omenala a ma ama
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Deborah Hyde, onye isi nchịkọta nke magazin UK The Skeptic blọọgụ na ozizi ikwere na ikike nke mmadụ na ihe ndị ọzọ nke okpukpe na-eme ka ndị n'okpuru aha "Jourdemayne".[10]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Freeman (2004). "Sorcery at Court and Manor: Margery Jourdemayne, the Witch of Eye next Westminster". Journal of Medieval History 30 (4): 343–357. DOI:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2004.08.001. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "freeman" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Emden (1959). A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1734–1735. ISBN 0-19-951564-6.
- ↑ Emden (1958). A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1068–1069. ISBN 0-19-951563-8.
- ↑ (1911) in Sharpe: Calendar of Letter-Books of the City of London: K, Henry VI. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 11, 41.
- ↑ (1943) in Thomas: Calendar of Select Plea and Memoranda Rolls, London, 1413–1437. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Carey (1992). Courting Disaster: Astrology at the English Court and University in the Later Middle Ages. London: Macmillan, 145–147. ISBN 9780333532935.
- ↑ (1869) "March 20th", in Chambers: The Book of Days. London: W & R Chambers.
- ↑ (1938) The Mirror for Magistrates. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Young (2018). Magic as a Political Crime in Medieval and Early Modern England. Bloomsbury, 44–45. ISBN 9781786722911.
- ↑ Hyde. About Jourdemayne. Jourdemayne. Retrieved on 7 October 2015.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Royal Witches: Site na Joan nke Navarre ruo Elizabeth Woodville. Cheltenham: The History Press.