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Medical ethnobotany of India

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[1][2] Ọgwụgwụ ethnobotany nke India bụ igbu nke osisi ọgwụ India na ojiji ọdịnala ha.  A na-eji Osisi eme ihe na mpaghara India maka mgbaàmà na-egosi ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma na-ama na-abụ ihe dị mkpa nke ngwaahịa na ọgwụ maka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ.  Ndị India taa na-eji osisi maka ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ bụ isi (ịkarịsịa n'ime ime obodo na mpaghara ndị na-agba eru) na dịka ndị ọzọ na-emegharị nke oge a.  A na-eme emu na 70% nke ndị India bi n'ime ime obodo na-eji omenala maka mkpa ndabere bụ.[1][2]  Ịdabere na osisi maka ọgwụ ọgwụ na ihe ndị a na-ama na mba ndị na-emepe gbara, ebe n'etiti 65% na 80% nke ndị mmadụ na-eji ọgwụ eme ihe.

Ọgwụgwọ na India na-eduzi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na ọgwụ ọgwụ, ma n' akara edi a na-ekerịta n'ọtụtụ ebe (Ayurveda, [1] Siddha, Unani), na omume dị elu nke ma ọ bụ mmepụta (Adivasi).  N'etiti 3,000[2] na 5,000[3] ụdị osisi ọgwụ na-eto na India na ihe dịka 1,000 na-eyi egwu mkpochapụ.  N'ime ndị a, e dekọrọ ihe ụgbọ ụdị osisi 2,400 maka iji mee ọgwụ. [3][4][5]

Ayurveda Herbal

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na-eme Ayurveda ọrịa na osisi ụfọdụ nwere ike iweghachi nguzozi nke ndị mebiri.[1]  Ihe ka ọtụtụ (90%) nke ọgwụ Ayurvedic na osisi.[6]

Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na rediresiri ọgwụgwọ ike na ọgwụ ọdịnala, a na-Mpụta mkpá akwụkwọ Ayurvedic site na nchacha ụlọ na ngwaahịa iji nkwado irẹ nke otu.  Ụfọdụ osisi eji eme ihe na Ayurveda nwere metabolites nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere uru.[1]  Ọgwụ ndị ọzọ mkpụrụ uru uru, ụfọdụ ike inwe na-akpa.[7]

Ọ dịkarịa ala, a chọpụtala osisi 700 site na usoro ọgwụ Ayurvedic. Ọ bụ ezie na a chọpụtala ihe karịrị 12,000 aha osisi Sanskrit n'ihe odide Ayurvedic oge ochie (gụnyere samhitas na nighantus) enwere nnukwu ihe isi ike n'ịtọlite njirimara botanical nke ọtụtụ ụdị a kpọtụrụ aha.[8] A na-akwadebe osisi dịka ọdịnala si dị, na-eji akụkụ osisi ụfọdụ dịka egosiri n'ihe odide akụkọ ihe mere eme.[6][9] Nkwenye Ayurvedic na-ekwu na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke osisi (dịka akwụkwọ, okooko osisi, mgbọrọgwụ) nwere ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ iji gwọọ ọrịa.[10]

Ngwakọta ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na synergism
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Ọgwụgwọ Ayurvedic na- elele nke otutu (usoro usoro polyherbal).  Ndị na-ahụ maka Ayurvedic ọrịa na ụfọdụ, mgbe a àmà ya, nwere ike na-akwado nke nwera ike ike irẹ nke ire;  a na-akpọ echiche a synergism.  Ihe odide Ayurvedic Sarangdhar Samhita (ihe dị ka 1300 AD) mesiri ike mkpa synergism dị.[1]  A na-eji otu ọgwụ Ayurvedic (trikatu) site na ijikọta ginger, ogologo ose, na ose dị ka ihe nhọrọ maka mgbari nri ma ọ bụ nsogbu afọ.  Ndị na-eme Ayurvedic na-egosi dị otú ahụ nwere ike ike ịmakọrọ.[2]  Afọ nke afọ 2014 faịlụ aro usoro nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka mgbọrọgwụ herbal synergism.[11]

Ọgwụ Ayurvedic na mmekọrịta ọgwụ

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Nkwadebe nwere ikike na Ayurveda ike i taimaka makọrọ (ma ọ bụ bioavailability) nke ọgwụ.  N'ihi na ndị mgbasa na- uzọ Ayurveda eme ihe iji gbakwunye nke oge a, ebelata nke ire Ayurvedic nwere ike ngwaọrụ ama na-azụ.  onyinye, mkpụrụ osisi nwere ike ike Usoro usoro enzyme cytochrome (CYP), nke nke enzyme imeju dị oke mkpa na metabolism ọgwụ.  Igbochi ma ọ bụ na-eme ka enzymes CYP siri ike bụ ike ngwaahịa a na-ahụ nke ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na ọgwụ.[1]  Ike nke CYP nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ọgwụ daa n'ebe mgbochi ebe mgba dị, ebe ele nke usoro CYP nwere ike mee ka ọgwụ dị elu.

Nnyocha maka ịdị irè

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N'afọ 2021, nyocha usoro n'ime ọgwụgwọ Ayurvedic maka sinusitis kpebiri mkpa ọ dị ime nnyocha ahụike siri ike tupu e nwee ike iru nkwubi okwu banyere nchekwa na ịdị irè.[12] Nnukwu ihe ịma aka n'ịtụle ọgwụ ahịhịa Ayurvedic bụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọgwụgwọ. Nnyocha dị iche iche na Ayurveda kpebiri na a chọrọ nhazi nke àgwà na ihe ndị dị n'ime ahịhịa maka nyocha. Nke a na-agụnye nyocha banyere ihe ndị dị n'ime ahịhịa, ịdị irè nke ọgwụ, nyocha nke ọgwụ, na njirimara nke usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ezie (ya bụ, otu ọgwụ si arụ ọrụ n'ezie). [13]

Mkpa na itinye ya n'ọrụ

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Palhares (2015-05-15). "Medicinal Plants Recommended by the World Health Organization: DNA Barcode Identification Associated with Chemical Analyses Guarantees Their Quality". PLOS ONE 10 (5): e0127866. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0127866. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 25978064. 
  2. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019. ISBN 978-92-4-069932-8. OCLC 1122458802. 
  3. ↑ Choudhury (2017). "Chapter 5. Ethnomedicinal Plants of North-East India", in Pullaiah: Ethnobotany of India, Volume 3 : North-East India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, First. ISBN 978-1-315-36583-1. OCLC 1003930404. 
  4. ↑ Tushar (2010-10-28). "Ethnomedical uses of Zingiberaceous plants of Northeast India" (in en). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132 (1): 286–296. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.032. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 20727402. 
  5. ↑ Sajem (December 2006). "Traditional use of medicinal plants by the Jaintia tribes in North Cachar Hills district of Assam, northeast India" (in en). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2 (1): 33. DOI:10.1186/1746-4269-2-33. ISSN 1746-4269. PMID 16899114. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kumar (2016-10-05). "The Significance of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22 (3): 494–501. DOI:10.1177/2156587216671392. ISSN 2156-5872. PMID 27707902.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Meena (2009-12-18). "Estimation of heavy metals in commonly used medicinal plants: a market basket survey". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 170 (1–4): 657–660. DOI:10.1007/s10661-009-1264-3. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 20020323. 
  8. ↑ Thomas (October 2020). "Controversial identities of medicinal plants in classical literature of Ayurveda" (in en). Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 11 (4): 565–572. DOI:10.1016/j.jaim.2019.09.003. PMID 32070638. 
  9. ↑ Pole (2006). Ayurvedic medicine : the principles of traditional practice. [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 044310090X. OCLC 460904361. 
  10. ↑ Parasuraman (2014). "Polyherbal formulation: Concept of ayurveda". Pharmacognosy Reviews 8 (16): 73–80. DOI:10.4103/0973-7847.134229. ISSN 0973-7847. PMID 25125878. 
  11. ↑ Yang (2014-01-01). "Synergy effects of herb extracts: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic basis" (in en). Fitoterapia 92: 133–147. DOI:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.010. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 24177191. 
  12. ↑ Ahmad (2021-10-11). "Efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions for sinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (in en). Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 20 (2): 316–327. DOI:10.1515/jcim-2021-0390. ISSN 1553-3840. PMID 34634197. 
  13. ↑ Mukherjee (February 2017). "Development of Ayurveda – Tradition to trend" (in en). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 197: 10–24. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.024. PMID 27633405. 
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