Mehri

Mehri (endonym: مهريّت, romanized: Mahrīyyt) bụ asụsụ nke oge a nke Ndịda Arab (MSAL) nke ndị ebo Mehri na-asụ na Mahra Governorate nke Yemen na Dhofar Governorate nke Oman, yana obere obodo ndị si mba ọzọ na Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar na Kuwait na-asụ. Ọ bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị nke otu MSAL, otu obere ngalaba nke ezinụlọ ndị Semitic nke ezinụlọ Afroasiatic. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ isii dị iche iche n'ime otu MSAL, nke gụnyekwara Shehri, Harsusi, Hobyot, Bathari, na Soqotri..

A na-asụ Mehri na asụsụ nwanne ya nwanyị na ndịda Arab Peninsula tupu mgbasa nke Arabic tinyere Islam na narị afọ nke asaa OA. Taa, ndị bi na Mehri na steeti ndị Arab nke Persian Gulf sitere Ndị Yemen, yana ndị mba nwere ihe nketa Yemen na-asụkwa ya. N'iburu n'uche oke Arabic na mpaghara ahụ n'ime afọ 1400 gara aga na asụsụ abụọ na Arabic ugboro ugboro n'etiti ndị na-asụ Mehri, Mehri nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi. Ruo na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ndị na-asụ ya biri n'ebe ugwu dị ka akụkụ etiti nke Oman.^[1] Ọ bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị, na-enwe obere akwụkwọ dị na obodo ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị agụmakwụkwọ na Mehri edere n'etiti ndị na-asụrụ ya.

Mahris na-ewere 2 Ọktoba dị ka Ụbọchị Asụsụ Mehri.

Asụsụ

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani kwuru na "ndị Mahri na-asụ asụsụ ọjọọ dịka ndị mba ọzọ". N'ebe ọzọ, Hamdani gosipụtara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma gbasara asụsụ Arab, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dị anya site na Arabic oge ochie..^[2]

Taa, Mehri dị n'asụsụ abụọ, Yemeni Mehri (nke a makwaara dị ka Southern Mehri) na Omani Mehri (nke a makwaara dịka Dhofari Mehri na Nagd Mehri). Obere ndị mmadụ na-asụ Omani Mehri ma gosipụta ọ dịghị nnukwu ọdịiche n'ime onwe ya, mana a na-ekewapụkwa Yemen Mehri n'asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ọwụwa anyanwụ.^[3]

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

N'adịghị ka ESSL ndị ọzọ, mkpụrụokwu Mehri 'emphatic' abụghị naanị ihe ejectives. Enwere ike itinye ha na pharyngeal, dịka ọ dị n'asụsụ Arabic, yabụ o kwere omume ka Mehri gosi na mgbanwe sitere na mkpụrụokwu proto-Semitic ejective gaa na mkpụrụokwu pharyngealized nke dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Semitic.

		Akpụkpọ ahụ	Coronal				Velar	Uvular	Ọrịa akpịrị	Mkpịsị aka
		Akpụkpọ ahụ	laminal	n'akụkụ	sibilant	ire ụtọ	Velar	Uvular	Ọrịa akpịrị	Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi		m	n
Okpokoro	kwuru okwu	b~pʼ	d			(dʒ~tʃʼ)	ɡ
	enweghị olu		t				k			ʔ
	nkwenye		Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akpọtʼ				kʼ
Na-aga n'ihu	kwuru okwu		ð		z		ɣ~ʁ		ʕ
	enweghị olu	f	θ	ɬ̠	s	ʃ	x~χ		ħ	h
	nkwenye		__ibo__ Ọdịdịθʼ	ɬʹɬ̠ʼ	Shaansʼ	__ibo____ibo____ibo__ A na-akpọ yaʃʼ
Rhotic			r~ɾ
Ọkara ụdaolu		w		l			j

/ɡ/ nwere ike ịghọta dị ka affricate [dʒ] ma ọ bụ palatal plosive [ɟ] n'asụsụ Yemeni.
Asụsụ Mahriyōt na Hawf na ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto nke al-Rubū́ah nwere <ḏ̣> dị ka [[[[[[[], ụmụ nwanyị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ahụ na-ejikarị africate eme ihe nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ndị na-enweghị olu [t͡].^[4]

Nchịkọta ụdaume dị ka ndị a:

	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ	iː		uː
N'etiti	eː	ə	oː
N'etiti	ɛ ɛː	ə
Emeghe		a aː

Ihe mgbochi olu, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala okwu nkwụsị, na-etinye onwe gị na nkwụsịtụ. N'ọnọdụ a, ma ụda olu na nkwụsị siri ike na-agbapụ, na-efunahụ ọdịiche ụzọ atọ (/kʼ/ na-agbapụta na ọnọdụ niile). N'ebe ọzọ, a na-eme ka nkwenye na (n'ụzọ nhọrọ) nkwụsị ụda olu na-eme pharyngealized. Emphatic (ma ọ bụghị olu) fricatives nwere usoro yiri nke ahụ, na n'ọnọdụ na-abụghị tupu nkwụsịtụ ha na-ekwupụta akụkụ ụfọdụ.

Ọdịiche dị n'ebe akụkụ dị iche iche doro anya. O nwere ike ịbụ na ihe na-erule bụ denti-alveolar, dị ka alveolar occlusives, na fricatives n'akụkụ apical, ma ọ bụ na nke ikpeazụ bụ palato-alveOlar ma ọ bụ alveolo-palatal. A na-edekarị fricatives ś, wdg.

/dʒ/ bụ naanị na mgbazinye ego Arabic. Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na rhotic bụ trill ma ọ bụ tap.

Ọdịdị

		Otu	Abụọ	Ọtụtụ
Onye nke mbụ		hōh	kīh	Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 483: attempt to index field 'scripts' (a boolean value).
Onye nke abụọ	MASC	hēt	tīh	tām
Onye nke abụọ	FEM	hīt	tīh	tān
Onye nke atọ	MASC	hēh	hīh	hām
Onye nke atọ	FEM	sēh	hīh	sān

Ihe ndị na-esonụ bụ nsụgharị nsonaazụ nke nnọchiaha ndị ahụ:

		Otu	Abụọ	Ọtụtụ
Onye nke mbụ		-ī	-kī	-(a)n
Onye nke abụọ	MASC	-(a)k		-kam
Onye nke abụọ	FEM	-(a)š		-kan
Onye nke atọ	MASC	-(a)h	-hī	-ham
Onye nke atọ	FEM	-(a)s	-hī	-san

A pụkwara itinye nnọchiaha ndị nweere onwe ha n'azụ onye na-egosi (ð-) iji gbanwee ha ka ha bụrụ nnọchiaha nwere onwe ya ("m" wdg).

Usoro ide ihe

Mehri, dị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke South Arab nke oge a, nwere ọdịnala ọnụ bara ọgaranya, mana ọ bụghị nke edere ede.^[5]^[6] E nwere ụzọ abụọ isi dee asụsụ ahụ: iji mkpụrụedemede Arabic ma ọ bụ iji mkpụrụedemedo Arabic gbanwere nke nwere mkpụrụedemede ndị ọzọ iji gosipụta ụda pụrụ iche na Mehri.^[7]

Ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ iji mkpụrụedemede Arabic a na-agbanwebeghị. Otú ọ dị, ntụpọ Arabic na ESS na-eme ka usoro a na-anọchite anya ọtụtụ fonemes nwere otu mkpụrụedemede ahụ. (Rịba ama na, na usoro Arabic na nke Arabic gbanwere agbanwe, a naghị ekewapụta ụdaume n'ụzọ doro anya, mana ndị na-agụ ya na-ekewapụta ya site na ihe gbara ya gburugburu.) ^[7]

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic a gbanwere agbanwe nwere usoro ole na ole, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ nke a haziri ahazi. ^[8] ^[9]>^[10] Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka edere na ozi ederede, email, wdg) site na Modern South Arabian Languages Centre na Mahadum Leeds; a tụrụ aro maka mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Arabic iji mee ka ọ nwee ike ịbụ ezigbo usoro maka ide asụsụ ESS (gụnyere Mehri) site n'otu etiti ahụ; a na-enyekwa usoro ọzọ nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Almahrah.net tụrụ aro maka otu nzube ahụ (yana IPA phonetic transcription na romanizations) na kọlụm dị n'okpuru tebụl nke dị n'elu.

Romanization	IPA	Akwụkwọ ozi Leeds tụrụ aro
ś	ɬ
ṣ̌	ʃˤ
ṯ̣ / ḏ̣	__ibo__ Ọdịdịθʼ
ź	ɬʹ~ʒ	/ na-aga
g	ɡ
ḳ	kʼ
ē / ɛ̄	ɛ(ː)

Hụkwa

Asụsụ Soqotri
Asụsụ Shehri

Ihe edeturu

↑ Walter Dostal (1967). Die Beduinen in Südarabien. Eine ethnologische Studie zur Entwicklung der Kamelhirtenkultur in Arabien (in de). Vienna: Ferdinand Berger and Söhne OHG.
↑ Abu Muhammad al-Hasan Hamdani, Sifat Jazirat al-'Arab (probably ed. 1884), 134 tr. Chaim Rabin (1951). Ancient West-Arabian. London: Taylor's Foreign Press.
↑ Rubin (2010). The Mehri Language of Oman. BRILL, 1–2. ISBN 9789004182639. Retrieved on 24 March 2015.
↑ Janet Watson (January 2011). Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri. academia.edu.
↑ SIMEONE-SENELLE (November 2013). "Mehri and Hobyot Spoken in Oman and Yemen". LLACAN - Langage, Langues et Cultures d'Afrique Noire: 1.
↑ Rubin (2010-05-17). The Mehri Language of Oman (in en). BRILL, 12. ISBN 978-9004182639.
1 2 OBEID ABDULLA ALFADLY. The Morphology of Mehri Qishn dialect in Yemen.OBEID ABDULLA ALFADLY, HASSAN.
↑ Almakrami (2015-11-22). "Number, Gender and Tense in Aljudhi Dialect of Mehri Language in Saudi Arabia" (in en). Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5 (11): 2230–2241. DOI:10.17507/tpls.0511.06. ISSN 1799-2591.
1 2 Mehri Arabic Alphabet."Mehri Arabic Alphabet".
↑ The Shahri language and its relationship with Classical Arabic. Archived from the original on 2018-02-19.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Rubin, Aaron. 2010. Asụsụ Mehri nke Oman. Leiden: Ọmarịcha
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Omani Mehri: A New Grammar with Texts. Leiden: Ọmarịcha
Almakrami (November 2015). "Number, Gender and Tense in Aljudhi Dialect of Mehri Language in Saudi Arabia". Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia 5 (11).

Njikọ mpụga

Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu asụsụ Mehri - Mahadum Mahra
(n'asụsụ Arabic) Ihe atụ nke uri Mehri site na forum Hadramaut
ELAR archive nke ihe ndekọ asụsụ MehriIhe odide asụsụ Mehri
Asụsụ Mehri na ndịda Yemen, Al Jazeera Channel (video YouTube, na Arabic na Mehri)

[1] Walter Dostal (1967). Die Beduinen in Südarabien. Eine ethnologische Studie zur Entwicklung der Kamelhirtenkultur in Arabien (in de). Vienna: Ferdinand Berger and Söhne OHG.

[2] Abu Muhammad al-Hasan Hamdani, Sifat Jazirat al-'Arab (probably ed. 1884), 134 tr. Chaim Rabin (1951). Ancient West-Arabian. London: Taylor's Foreign Press.

[3] Rubin (2010). The Mehri Language of Oman. BRILL, 1–2. ISBN 9789004182639. Retrieved on 24 March 2015.

[4] Janet Watson (January 2011). Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri. academia.edu.

[5] SIMEONE-SENELLE (November 2013). "Mehri and Hobyot Spoken in Oman and Yemen". LLACAN - Langage, Langues et Cultures d'Afrique Noire: 1.

[6] Rubin (2010-05-17). The Mehri Language of Oman (in en). BRILL, 12. ISBN 978-9004182639.

[:0-7] 1 2 OBEID ABDULLA ALFADLY. The Morphology of Mehri Qishn dialect in Yemen.OBEID ABDULLA ALFADLY, HASSAN.

[8] Almakrami (2015-11-22). "Number, Gender and Tense in Aljudhi Dialect of Mehri Language in Saudi Arabia" (in en). Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5 (11): 2230–2241. DOI:10.17507/tpls.0511.06. ISSN 1799-2591.

[Almahrah.net-9] 1 2 Mehri Arabic Alphabet."Mehri Arabic Alphabet".

[10] The Shahri language and its relationship with Classical Arabic. Archived from the original on 2018-02-19.

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v t e Languages of Oman
Official language	Arabic	Mmejọ Lua: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').
Main foreign language	English
Minority languages	Balochi Baṭḥari Ḥarsusi Hobyót Kumzari Luwati Mehri Shehri Swahili
Varieties of Arabic	Bahrani Arabic Omani Arabic Dhofari Shihhi
Sign languages	Omani Sign Language

v t e Languages of Yemen
Official language	Arabic
Main foreign language	English
Minority languages	Hobyót Mehri Soqotri Faifi Razihi
Varieties of Arabic	Yemeni Arabic Hadhrami Judeo-Yemeni San'ani Ta'izzi-Adeni
Sign languages	Yemeni Sign Language