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Moncef Marzouki

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His Excellency
Moncef Marzouki
المنصف المرزوقي
Marzouki in 2013
3rd President of Tunisia
In office
13 December 2011 – 31 December 2014
Prime MinisterBeji Caid Essebsi
Hamadi Jebali
Ali Laarayedh
Mehdi Jomaa
Preceded byFouad Mebazaa (acting)
Succeeded byBeji Caid Essebsi
Member of the Constituent Assembly
for Nabeul's 2nd district
In office
22 November 2011 – 13 December 2011
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded bySamia Abbou
President of the Congress for the Republic
In office
24 July 2001 – 13 December 2011
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byAbderraouf Ayadi (acting)
Personal details
Born (1945-07-07) 7 Julaị 1945 (age 80)
Grombalia, French Tunisia
Political partyAl-Irada
Other political
affiliations		Congress for the Republic (until 2015)
SpouseBeatrix Rhein
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Strasbourg
WebsiteOfficial website

Mohamed Moncef Marzouki (Arabic: محمد المنصف المرزوقي; Muhammad al-Munṣif al-Marzūqī, born 7 July 1945) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia nke jere ozi dị ka onyeisiala nke atọ nke Tunisia site na 2011ruo 2014. Site n'ọrụ ya, ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ, dọkịta na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na Disemba 12, 2011, a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke Tunisia site na Mgbakọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu.

Oge ọ malitere

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Marzouki na Habib Bourguiba na 1982.

A mụrụ Marzouki na Grombalia, Tunisia, ọ bụkwa nwa otu Qadi. Nna ya, ebe ọ bụ onye na-akwado Salah Ben Youssef (onye mmegide Bourguiba), kwagara Morocco na ngwụcha afọ 1950 n'ihi nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] Marzouki gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Tangier, ebe ọ nwetara Baccalaureate na 1961.[1] Ọ gara ịmụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Strasbourg na France. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Tunisia n'afọ 1979, o guzobere Center for Community Medicine na Sousse na African Network for Prevention of Child Abuse, sonyekwara na Tunisian League for Human Rights . [2] N'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ gara India iji mụọ nguzogide na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike nke Mahatma Gandhi.[3] Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gakwara South Africa iji mụọ mgbanwe ya site na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Mgbe gọọmentị ji ike merie ndị Ennahda Movement nke Islamist na 1991, Marzouki zutere Onye isi ala Tunisia Ben Ali na-akpọ ya ka ọ gbasoo iwu ahụ. N'afọ 1993, Marzouki bụ onye guzobere Kọmitii Mba maka Nchebe nke Ndị Mkpọrọ nke Akọnuche, mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe ndị na-akwado gọọmentị weghaara ya. E jidere ya n'ọtụtụ oge maka ebubo metụtara mgbasa ozi ụgha na ịrụ ọrụ na ndị otu Islamist a machibidoro iwu. O mechara guzobe Kọmitii Mba maka Nnwere Onwe. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Arab Commission for Human Rights ma malite na 17 2011 na-aga n'ihu dị ka onye otu ndị isi ya.[2][4]

N'afọ 2001, o guzobere Congress for the Republic . [5][6] A machibidoro òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a iwu n'afọ 2002, mana Marzouki kwagara France ma gaa n'ihu na-achịkwa ya.[2]

Mgbe onye isi ala Zine El Abidine Ben Ali hapụrụ Tunisia na mgbanwe Tunisia, Marzouki kwupụtara nloghachi ya na Tunisia na ebumnuche ya ịzọ ọkwa onye isi ala.[2]

Onye isi ala nke Tunisia

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Moncef Marzouki, Onye isi ala nke Republic, Mustapha Ben Jaafar, Onye isi oche nke Constituent Assembly & Ali Larayedh, Onye isi ọchịchị, Le Bardo, Jenụwarị 27, 2014.

Na Disemba 12, 2011, Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Tunisia, otu a họpụtara ịchị mba ahụ ma depụta iwu ọhụrụ, họpụtara Marzouki ka ọ bụrụ onyeisiala nwa oge, nwere votu 155 maka, 3 megidere, na votu 42 efu. [7][8] Nhọrọ ndị na-enweghị isi bụ nsonaazụ nke mkpagbu sitere n'aka ndị otu mmegide, bụ ndị weere obere iwu ọhụrụ nke mba ahụ dị ka nke na-enweghị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọ bụ onye isi ala mbụ na-abụghị onye nketa nke ihe nketa nke onye isi ala guzobere mba ahụ, Habib Bourguiba.

Na Disemba 14, otu ụbọchị ka ọ banyere n'ọkwa, ọ họpụtara Hamadi Jebali nke otu Islamist Ennahda Movement dị n'otu ka ọ bụrụ Praịm Minista. Jebali gosipụtara ọchịchị ya na 20 Disemba.

Moncef Marzouki na-ekwu okwu mgbe ọ natara onyinye Chatham House 2012.

On 3 May 2012, Nessma TV owner Nabil Karoui and two others were convicted of "blasphemy" and "disturbing public order". The charges stemmed from the network's decision to broadcast a dubbed version of the 2007 Franco-Iranian film Persepolis, which includes several visual depictions of God. Karoui was fined 2,400 dinars for the broadcast, while the station's programming director and the president of the women's organization which provided dubbing for the film were fined 1,200 dinars.[9] Responding to the verdict, Marzouki stated to members of the press in the presidential palace in Tunis, "I think this verdict is bad for the image of Tunisia. Now people in the rest of the world will only be talking about this when they talk about Tunisia."[10]

Dị ka onye isi ala, Marzouki keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịtọlite Truth and Dignity Commission nke Tunisia na 2014, dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịmepụta nkwekọrịta mba.[11]

Marzouki na U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, Carthage Palace, 2014.
Marzouki na Onye isi ala US Barack Obama na nwunye ya Michelle Obama na 2014.

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2014, Onye isi ala Marzouki wepụrụ ọnọdụ mberede nke dị kemgbe mmalite nke mgbanwe ọchịchị nke afọ 2011, otu onye isi ndị agha kwuru na ndị agha nọ n'ebe ụfọdụ kachasị njọ na mba ahụ ga-alaghachi n'ogige ha. Iwu sitere n'aka Onye isi ala Marzouki kwuru na a ga-ewepụ ọnọdụ mberede e nyere iwu na Jenụwarị 2011 n'ofe mba ahụ ozugbo. Onye isi ala Zine El Abidine Ben Ali nyere iwu ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ mberede ma mee ka ọ dịgide mgbe a chụpụrụ ya. A na-emezigharị ya ugboro ugboro.[12]

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, ọ belatara ụgwọ ọnwa ya site na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ, na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka steeti bụrụ ihe nlereanya n'ịnagide ọnọdụ ego na-akawanye njọ.[13]

Beji Caid Essebsi meriri Marzouki na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke November-December 2014, a ṅụrụ Essebsi iyi dị ka onye isi ala na 31 Disemba 2014, na-anọchi Marzouki.

Mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye isi ala

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Na 25 June 2015, Marzouki sonyere na Freedom Flotilla III na Gaza Strip. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Juun, mgbe ha na-eru nso n'ime mmiri nke Gaza, mana mgbe ha ka nọ na Mmiri ala ụwa, ndị agha mmiri Israel jidere ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma kpọga ha n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ashdod, ebe a gbara ndị sonyere ajụjụ ọnụ. Ndị nnọchi anya Ministri Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ nke Israel nabatara Marzouki, mana ọ jụrụ ịgwa ha okwu. Na 30 June, a chụgara ya na Paris wee laghachi Tunis na 1 July, ebe ọtụtụ narị ndị na-akwado ya nabatara ya. N'afọ 2016, African Union họpụtara ya ka ọ lekọta ntuli aka onye isi ala Comorian. [14] N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, gọọmentị Tunisia n'okpuru Kais Saied wepụrụ paspọtụ Marzouki na ya.[15] N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Moncef Marzouki bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ikike ijide mba ụwa nke gọọmentị Tunisia nyere maka itinye nchekwa steeti n'ihe ize ndụ.[16] N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, a mara Marzouki ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ anọ ma chọpụta na ikpe mara ya maka "imebi nchekwa nke steeti site na mba ofesi" na ịkpata "mmerụ ahụ na mba ofesi". Marzouki jụrụ mkpebi ahụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka iwu na-akwadoghị, na-ekwu na ọ bụ "onye isi ala iwu na-ekwadoghị nke kwatuchara iwu ahụ nyere ya". [17][18]

Na 29 Disemba 2021, Marzouki kwere nkwa ịlaghachi Tunisia ma "kwatu ọchịchị na-achị".[19] Na Jenụwarị 2022, Marzouki so na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị 19 nọ n'ọkwá dị elu ka ụlọ ikpe ga-ezigara ha ikpe maka ikpe site n'aka ndị ọka ikpe Tunisia maka "mmebi ntuli aka" nke a na-ekwu na o mere n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2019. [20]

N'afọ 2022, a mara Marzouki ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ anọ n'enweghị onye na-anọ ya maka "ịwakpo" nchekwa steeti.[21] N'afọ 2024, ọ natara mkpọrọ afọ asatọ ọzọ na-anọghị ya maka okwu ndị ọchịchị kọwara dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali na ịkpọ oku ka a kwatuo gọọmentị.[22] N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2025, ụlọ ikpe Tunis nke mbụ mara Marzouki ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri abụọ na abụọ maka ebubo iyi ọha egwu.[23]

Ndụ onwe onye

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  1. Site n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ, Moncef Marzouki nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Myriam na Nadia.[24] Myriam, onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ nke École Normale Supérieure de Paris (ENS-SHS) na agrégée na nkà ihe ọmụma, bụ onye nduzi na onye nduzi nka nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri. [25] Nwa ya nwanyị nke nta, Nadia, nwetara PhD na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sciences Po na 2008. Dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta na CNRS, nchọpụta ya na-elekwasị anya na nka okpukpe. [26][27] Onye ọchụnta ego Franco-Tunisian Lotfi Bel Hadj bụ nwa nwanne ya.[28]

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2011, n'oge emume obodo na Carthage Palace, ọ lụrụ Beatrix Rhein, onye dọkịta French.[29]

O nwere ụlọ na Port El-Kantaoui, nso Sousse . [30]

Moncef Marzouki jụrụ iyi tie, na-ahọrọ burnous iji sọpụrụ ọdịbendị Tunisia.[31]

Ihe ịchọ mma

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Nsọpụrụ Mba Tunisia

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Marzouki n'oge okwu ya obere oge ka ọ natara Chatham House Award, London, 2012.
  • : Grand Collar of the Order of Independence (N'ikike ya dị ka Onye isi ala nke mba Tunisia) Grand Collar nke Order of the Republic (N'ike ya dị na Onye isi ala ya dị ka onye isi ala nke obodo Tunisia) Grand collar nke National Order of Merit of Tunisia (N'ikwekọ ya dị kaonye isi ala nke Tunisia)
    • Grand Collar of the Order of Independence (N'ikike ya dị ka Onye isi ala nke mba Tunisia)
    • Grand Collar of the Order of the Republic (N'ikike ya dị ka Onye isi ala nke mba Tunisia)
    • Grand Collar nke National Order of Merit nke Tunisia (N'ikike ya dị ka Onye isi ala nke mba Tunisia)
  • : Commander of the Legion of Honour (4 July 2013)
  • : Klas pụrụ iche nke Order of Muhammad (31 Mee 2014)
  • : Grand Cross nke Ọdụm Ọlaedo nke Alexandria (6 June 2014)
  • : Grand Cross nke Order of the Niger (23 June 2014)

Ihe nrite na ihe nrite

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Ihe nrite Chatham House na 2012, Moncef Marzouki & Rached Ghannouchi.
  • Ihe nrite Maghrebian Medicine (1982) [32]
  • Foundation Scanno Literary Prize (1988) [32]
  • Ọnụahịa nke Arab Congress of Medicine (1989) [32]
  • Ihe nrite Human Rights Watch maka nnwere onwe (2001) [32]
  • Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2012) [33]
  • Ihe nrite Chatham House maka afọ 2012 na London (ya na Rached Ghannouchi) [34]
  • Degree Honorary site na Mahadum nke Tsukuba na 2013 [35]
  • Al Qods Prize maka 2015 na Chicago [36]
  • Onyinye udo nke Foundation Ducci maka 2016 na Rom [37]
  • Otu n'ime 100 ndị Arab kachasị emetụta n'ụwa na 2018 [38]

Akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ebe a na-ahụkarị, Paris, 1987
  • Hapụ mba m ka ọ teta: gaa na mmepeanya nke anọ, ed. Mbipụta maka Arab Maghreb, Tunis, 1988
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] L'Harmattan, Paris, 2004
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] site na Atelier, Paris, 2009
  • Ịmepụta ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  • Tunisia, site na mmeri ruo na ụgbọ mmiri kpuru (ya na Pierre Piccinin da Prata & Thibaut Werpin), ed. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Marzouki se fait allumer en Algérie", Maghreb Intelligence, 8 February 2012. Retrieved on 15 May 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Moncef Marzouki declares presidential candidacy", Al Arabiya, 16 January 2011. Retrieved on 2011-01-16."Moncef Marzouki declares presidential candidacy". Al Arabiya. 16 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  3. ↑ Marzouki: Tunisia's opposition stalwart turned president. English.alarabiya.net (2011-12-13). Retrieved on 2012-04-11.
  4. ↑ What is the Arab Commission for Human Rights (2011). Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved on 2011-01-17.
  5. ↑ Déclaration constitutive. Congress for the Republic (2001-07-24). Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved on 2011-01-17.
  6. ↑ Première liste des membres fondateurs du CPR. Congress for the Republic. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved on 2011-01-17.
  7. ↑ "Tunisia's assembly elects human rights activist as interim president", Washington Post, 2011-12-12. Retrieved on 2011-12-12.
  8. ↑ "Tunisian activist, Moncef Marzouki, named president", BBC News, 2011-12-12. Retrieved on 2011-12-12.
  9. ↑ Owner of Nessma TV Fined 2,400 Dinars in Persepolis Trial : Tunisia Live. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
  10. ↑ "Controversial Tunisian Court Ruling Reflects Dilemmas of the Arab Spring", Time, 3 May 2012.
  11. ↑ Tunisia launches Truth and Dignity Commission (2014-06-09).
  12. ↑ Tunisia ends state of emergency after 3 years - the Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved on 15 January 2022.
  13. ↑ Tunisian president cuts own pay by two-thirds (2014-04-14).
  14. ↑ Marzouki en mission d'observation des élections aux Îles Comores (2016-02-10).
  15. ↑ "Tunisia withdraws diplomatic passport of ex-leader as Western pressure mounts", Reuters, 14 October 2021. Retrieved on 14 October 2021.
  16. ↑ "Tunisie : Moncef Marzouki visé par un mandat d'arrêt international", Jeune Afrique, 5 November 2021. Retrieved on 5 November 2021.
  17. ↑ Ex-Tunisian President Marzouki sentenced to 4 years in absentia (en). www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-23.
  18. ↑ Tunisia's former president Marzouki sentenced to jail in absentia (en). France 24 (2021-12-22). Retrieved on 2021-12-28.
  19. ↑ Ex-Tunisian president vows to overthrow incumbent regime (en-GB). Middle East Monitor (2021-12-30). Retrieved on 2021-12-30.
  20. ↑ Tunisian judiciary refers 19 people to trial for 'electoral crimes'. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved on 2022-01-06.
  21. ↑ Ex-Tunisian President Marzouki sentenced to 4 years in absentia. Al Jazeera (23 December 2021).
  22. ↑ Ex-Tunisian President Marzouki sentenced to 4 years in absentia. Associated Press (24 February 2024).
  23. ↑ "Former Tunisian president Moncef Marzouki sentenced to 22 years in absentia", 21 June 2025. Retrieved on 21 June 2025. (in en)
  24. ↑ Moncef Marzouki, de la rupture à la compromission?. slate afrique.
  25. ↑ Myriam Marzouki : «J’ai toujours senti que j’étais beaucoup de choses en même temps, c’est cela la France !». liberation.
  26. ↑ Nadia Marzouki: Difficile d'être la fille du Président. leaders.
  27. ↑ Portraits de Myriam et Nadia, filles de Moncef Marzouki. tuniscope.
  28. ↑ François Hollande indésirable à Tunis  ?. business news.
  29. ↑ "La nouvelle 'Première dame' de Tunisie : Pourquoi tant de mystère?", Nawaat, 3 April 2013.
  30. ↑ Tunisie : Moncef Marzouki, l’incorruptible. jeune afrique.
  31. ↑ Tunisie : Marzouki, le style qui détone. jeune afrique.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Les limites du concept sont-elles encore négociables ? (2001).
  33. ↑ Le Directeur général remet la Médaille d'or de l'ISESCO au Président tunisien (2012-12-29).
  34. ↑ Chatham House Prize 2012 - Rached Ghannouchi and Moncef Marzouki (2015-04-08).
  35. ↑ Marzouki docteur honoris causa de l'université de Tsukuba (2013-07-04).
  36. ↑ Le Prix annuel d'El Qods 2015, attribué à Moncef Marzouki (2015-11-29).
  37. ↑ Moncef Marzouki reçoit le Prix de la Paix de la Fondation italienne Ducci (16 March 2016).
  38. ↑ Toplist Arabic 2018 (2018-01-17). Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.

Njikọ mpụga

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