Monodora myristica
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Monodora myristica, calabash nutmeg ma ọ bụ African nutmeg, bụ osisi okpomọkụ nke ezinụlọ Annonaceae ma ọ bụ custard apple ezinụlọ nke okooko osisi. Ọ bụ obodo Africa na-ekpo ọkụ site na Sierra Leone dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Tanzania.[1][2]N'oge gara aga, a na-ere mkpụrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe dị ọnụ ala na-anọchi anya nutmeg. Nke a bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe ugbu a na mpụga mpaghara mmepụta ya.[3]Aha ndị ọzọ nke nutmeg calabash gụnyere nutmeg nke Jamaica, ehuru, ariwo, awerewa, ehiri, airama, orchid nutmeg nke Africa, muscadier de Calabash na lubushi.[4][3][5]
Uto na akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi nutmeg na-eto n'ụzọ okike n'oké ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ site na Liberia ruo Nigeria na Cameroon, Ghana, Angola nakwa Uganda na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya.[5] N'ihi ahia ohu na narị afọ nke 18, a kpọbatara osisi ahụ n'àgwàetiti Caribbean bụ ebe e guzobere ya wee bụrụ onye a maara dị ka nutmeg Jamaica. N'afọ 1897, a kpọbatara Monodora myristica na Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesia, bụ ebe osisi ndị ahụ na-ama ifuru mgbe niile ma ọ dịghị mkpụrụ osisi a ka nwere ike ịnakọta. N'ihi nnukwu okooko osisi ya dị ka orchid, a na-etokwa osisi ahụ dị ka ihe ịchọ mma.[5]
Ihe ọkụkụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi na akwụkwọ ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okooko osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ifuru ahụ na-apụta n'okpuru ome ọhụrụ ma bụrụ otu, pendant, buru ibu ma na-esi ísì ụtọ. Pedicel ahụ nwere bract yiri akwụkwọ ma nwee ike iru 20 cm (7.9 in) n'ogologo. Ifuru ahụ nwere ntụpọ na-acha uhie uhie, chara acha na 2.5 cm (0.98 in) ogologo. A na-emepụta corolla nke petals isii nke mpụta atọ n'ime ha ruru ogologo nke 10 cm (3.9 in) ma gosi akụkụ gbajiri agbagọ na ntụpọ uhie, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na odo. Petals atọ dị n'ime ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ triangular ma na-etolite cone na-acha ọcha-acha odo odo nke dị n'èzí nwere ntụpọ uhie na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ime. Ihe mkparị nke ifuru ahụ na-anabata ya tupu stamens ya etoo ma wụsa pollen ha (protogynous). A na-awụsị pollen ya dị ka tetrads na-adịgide adịgide.[6] Ụmụ ahụhụ na-eme ka okooko osisi ahụ nwee ntụ ọka.[5]
Mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ mkpụrụ osisi dị sentimita 20 cm (7.9 in) (7.9 in) n'obosara ma dị mụrụmụrụ, na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma na-aghọ osisi. A na-ejikọta ya na ogologo ogwe osisi nke ruru 60 cm (24 in) cm (24 in) n'ogologo. N'ime mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi oblongoid, nke na-acha nchara nchara, 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in) ogologo gbara ya gburugburu na-acha ọcha na-esi ísì ụtọ. Mkpụrụ ndị ahụ nwere 5-9% nke mmanụ dị mkpa na-enweghị ụcha.[5]
Ojiji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ísì na ụtọ nke mkpụrụ Monodora myristica yiri nutmeg ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na nri ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka.[3] A na-anakọta mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ n'osisi ọhịa ma kpọọ mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ma ree ya ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya iji mee ihe na stew, ofe, achịcha na nri ndị e ji esi nri.[3][5] Maka ebumnuche ọgwụ, a na-eji ha eme ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, afọ, maka isi ọwụwa, ọnyá nakwa dị ka ihe mgbochi ụmụ ahụhụ. A na-emekwa mkpụrụ ndị ahụ ka ha bụrụ ihe olu.[5]
Osisi na ụgbụgbọ osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi Monodora myristica siri ike mana ọ dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ịkwa nkà, ihe eji arụ ụlọ na ọrụ ịkwa osisi. Na ọgwụ, a na-eji ụgbụgbọ ahụ eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ nke afọ-aches, ihe mgbu ọkụ, ọrịa anya na haemorrhoids.[5]
Ngwakọta kemịkal
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]mmanụ dị mkpa nke a pụrụ inweta site na akwụkwọ nwere β-caryophyllene, α-humulene na α-pinene. Ihe ndị dị mkpa a na-ahụ na mmanụ dị mkpa sitere na mkpụrụ bụ α-phellandrene, α-pinene, myrcene, limonene na pinene.[7]
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIUCN - ↑ Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal. Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Retrieved on April 17, 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Celtnet Recipes. Calabash Nutmeg Information Page. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved on 4 May 2011.
- ↑ Burkill (1985). The useful plants of West tropical Africa, Ed. 2., Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN 978-0-947643-01-0.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Weiss (2002). Spice Crops. Oxon: CABI Publishing, 102–103. ISBN 978-0-85199-605-9.
- ↑ Couvreur (2008). "Pollen morphology within the Monodora clade, a diverse group of five African Annonaceae genera". Grana 47 (3): 185–210. DOI:10.1080/00173130802256913. ISSN 0017-3134.
- ↑ Fournier (1999). "Annonaceae essential oils: a review". Journal of Essential Oil Research 11 (2): 131–142. DOI:10.1080/10412905.1999.9701092.