Nagoya Protocol

Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Shareing of Benefits Bilitere site na ojiji ha na Convention on Biological Diversity, nke a makwaara dị ka Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), bụ nkwekọrịta mgbakwunye 2010 na 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Ebumnobi ya bụ mmejuputa otu n'ime ebumnobi atọ nke CBD: òkè ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi nke uru na-esite na iji akụrụngwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa eme ihe, si otú a na-enye aka na nchekwa na ijigide ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ. Ọ na-ewepụta ọrụ maka ndị otu ya na-eme nkwekọrịta ime ihe gbasara ịnweta akụrụngwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ikekọrịta uru na nnabata.

A nakweere ụkpụrụ ahụ na 29 October 2010 na Nagoya, Japan, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na 12 October 2014. Dị ka Eprel 2022, ndị otu 137 kwadoro ya, nke gụnyere mba 136 ndị otu UN na European Union..

A nakweere ngwaọrụ na 29 October 2010 na Nagoya, Japan, wee malite ọrụ na 12 October 2014. Dị ka akwụkwọ 2022, ndị otu 137 akwụkwọ ya, nke akpọ mba 136 ndị otu UN na European Union.^[1]

Ebumnuche na oke

Nagoya Protocol na-emetụta ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke CBD na-ekpuchi, yana uru ndị na-esite na ojiji ha. Usoro ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe ọmụma ọdịnala metụtara ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke CBD na-ekpu na uru ndị na-esite na ojiji ya.

Ebumnuche ya bụ mmejuputa otu n'ime ebumnuche atọ nke CBD: ịkekọrịta uru ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi nke sitere na iji ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, si otú a na-enye aka na nchekwa na ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke ụdị dị iche iche.^[2]

Nkwado na nkwado

A nabatara usoro ahụ na 29 Ọktoba 2010 na Nagoya, Japan, na nzukọ nke iri nke Nzukọ nke Ndị otu, nke e mere site na 18 ruo 29 Ọkቶba 2010 ^[3] wee malite na 12 Ọktobe 2014.

Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ . Ndị otu 137 akwadowo ya, nke gụnyere mba 136 so na UN na European Union.^[4]

Ọrụ

Nagoya Protocol na-esetịpụ ọrụ maka ndị otu nkwekọrịta ya iji mee ihe gbasara ịnweta ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ịkekọrịta uru na nrubeisi. ^{[citation needed]}

Ọrụ nnweta

Nzọụkwụ nnweta nke ụlọ na-achọ:

Mepụta ihe doro anya, ihe doro anya na ihe doro anya
Nye iwu na usoro ziri ezi na nke na-abụghị nke aka ike
Tinye iwu na usoro doro anya maka nkwenye a maara tupu oge eruo na nkwekọrịta abụọ na okwu
Nye maka inye ikike ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya mgbe enyere ohere
Mepụta ọnọdụ iji kwalite ma gbaa ume nyocha na-enye aka na nchekwa dị iche iche na ojiji na-adịgide adịgide
Kụọ ụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ mberede dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ nke na-abịanụ nke na-eyi ahụike mmadụ, anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ osisi egwu
Tụlee mkpa ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị maka nri na ọrụ ugbo maka nchekwa nri

Ọrụ ịkekọrịta uru

Nzọụkwụ ịkekọrịta uru dị n'ụlọ na-ezube inye maka ịkekọrịta bara uru n'ụzọ ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi nke sitere na iji ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ndị nkwekọrịta na-enye ihe onwunwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ ihe nketi. Ojiji na-agụnye nyocha na mmepe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nke ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe Nketa, yana ngwa na azụmaahịa na-esote. Ịkekọrịta na-adabere na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta. Uru nwere ike ịbụ ego ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ego dịka ụgwọ ọrụ na ịkekọrịta nsonaazụ nyocha. ^{[citation needed]}

Ọrụ ndị a na-arụ

Ọrụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ iji kwado nrubeisi na iwu ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ịchịkwa nke onye nkwekọrịta na-enye ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ọrụ nkwekọrịta gosipụtara na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, bụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke Nagoya Protocol. ^{[citation needed]}

Mee ihe ndị na-enye na enwetala ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa eji eme ihe n'ime ikike ha dịka nkwenye a maara na mbụ, nakwa na e guzobere nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, dịka onye nkwekọrịta ọzọ chọrọ.
Na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'okwu ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha mebiri ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme nkwekọrịta chọrọ
Na-agba ume ndokwa nkwekọrịta maka ngwọta esemokwu n'ụzọ kwekọrịtara
Gbaa mbọ hụ na enwere ohere ịchọ ihe enyemaka n'okpuru usoro iwu ha mgbe esemokwu bilitere site na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta (MAT)
Mee ihe gbasara ikpe ziri ezi
Nyochaa ojiji nke ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mgbe ha hapụrụ mba site na ịhọpụta ebe nyocha dị irè na ọkwa ọ bụla nke usoro uru: nyocha, mmepe, ihe ọhụrụ, tupu azụmaahịa, ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa

Mmejuputa

Ihe ịga nke ọma nke Nagoya Protocol ga-achọ mmejuputa dị irè na mpaghara ụlọ. Ngwá ọrụ na usoro dị iche iche nke Nagoya Protocol nyere ga-enyere ndị na-eme nkwekọrịta aka gụnyere:

Ịtọlite ebe ndị a na-elekwasị anya na mba (NFPs) na ndị ọchịchị mba ruru eru (CNAs) iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ebe kọntaktị maka ozi, ohere inye onyinye, ma ọ bụ nrubeisi
Ụlọ nnweta na ịkekọrịta uru iji kesaa ozi, dị ka ihe ABS chọrọ ma ọ bụ ozi gbasara NFP na CNA
Ikike-iwulite iji kwado akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmejuputa.

Mepụta iwu ABS n'ime ụlọ iji mejuputa Nagoya Protocol
Mkparịta ụka n'okwu ndị kwekọrịtara
Mepụta ikike nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ na mba
Mee ka a mara ya
Nkà na ụzụ mbufe
Nkwado ego maka iwulite ikike na atụmatụ mmepe site na GEF

Mmekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ndị ọzọ

Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke Nkwekọrịta Azụmaahịa (PTAs) gụnyere ndokwa metụtara ịnweta ihe onwunwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ịkekọrịta uru ndị na-esite na ojiji ha. N'ezie, ụfọdụ nkwekọrịta azụmahịa na-adịbeghị anya, nke sitere na mba Latin America, na-enye usoro ụfọdụ e mere iji mee ka mmejuputa ndokwa ABS dị na Nagoya Protocol dị mfe, gụnyere usoro metụtara enyemaka teknụzụ, nghọta na ngwọta esemokwu.

Nkatọ

Otú ọ dị, enwere nchegbu na bureaucracy na iwu agbakwunyere ga-emebi nlekota na nchịkọta nke ụdị dị iche iche, nchekwa, mmeghachi omume mba ụwa maka ọrịa na-efe efe, na nyocha. ^[5] ^[6]

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekwupụtala nchegbu banyere usoro ahụ, na-atụ egwu na mmụba nke red tape ga-egbochi mgbochi ọrịa na mgbalị nchedo, ^[1] nakwa na egwu nke ịtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọmụma mkpọrọ ga-enwe mmetụta na-eme ka nchọpụta dị jụụ. ^[5]^[6] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị na-azụ ahịa dị ka ebe ngosi ihe mere eme na-atụ egwu idebe nchịkọta ihe ndị dị ndụ na mgbanwe ihe n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ga-esi ike.

Enweghị mmejuputa na ọkwa mba a na-ekwukarị dị ka isi ihe kpatara ọdịda nke Nagoya Protocol.^[7]

Hụkwa

Ihe onwunwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nri na ọrụ ugbo
Ụkpụrụ Bermuda
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, usoro mgbakwunye ọzọ nke CBD nabatara
Nkwekọrịta Oké Osimiri (BBNJ Agreement)
Nkwekọrịta WIPO na Ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi, Ihe onwunwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe ọmụma ọdịnala jikọtara ya (GRATK)

Edemsibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Prathapan (2018). "When the cure kills—CBD limits biodiversity research". Science 360 (6396): 1405–1406. DOI:10.1126/science.aat9844. PMID 29954970. Retrieved on 2018-11-28. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":7" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Nagoya Protocol (9 June 2015).
↑ Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Convention on Biological Diversity (21 January 2020). Retrieved on 17 September 2020.
↑ Parties to the Nagoya Protocol. Convention on Biological Diversity (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 2 June 2022.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cressey (2014). "Biopiracy ban stirs red-tape fears". Nature 514 (7520): 14–15. DOI:10.1038/514014a. PMID 25279894. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 A plea for open science on Zika. www.sciencemag.org. Retrieved on 2016-04-02. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Dunne (2024-10-15). COP16: More than 85% of countries miss UN deadline to submit nature pledges (en). Carbon Brief. Retrieved on 2024-10-21.

[:7-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Prathapan (2018). "When the cure kills—CBD limits biodiversity research". Science 360 (6396): 1405–1406. DOI:10.1126/science.aat9844. PMID 29954970. Retrieved on 2018-11-28. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":7" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Nagoya Protocol (9 June 2015).

[stratplan2011-2020-3] Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Convention on Biological Diversity (21 January 2020). Retrieved on 17 September 2020.

[4] Parties to the Nagoya Protocol. Convention on Biological Diversity (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 2 June 2022.

[:0-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Cressey (2014). "Biopiracy ban stirs red-tape fears". Nature 514 (7520): 14–15. DOI:10.1038/514014a. PMID 25279894. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[:2-6] 6.0 ^6.1 A plea for open science on Zika. www.sciencemag.org. Retrieved on 2016-04-02. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content

[7] Dunne (2024-10-15). COP16: More than 85% of countries miss UN deadline to submit nature pledges (en). Carbon Brief. Retrieved on 2024-10-21.

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