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Nchịkwa nsacha aja ala

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
E tinyere ihe owuwu mgbochi n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu.

Njikwa nsacha ájá bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ maọbụ ngwaọrụ e mere iji debe ala mebiri emebi n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, ka ọ ghara ịsacha maọbụ merụọ mmiri n'ime iyi, osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, maọbụ oké osimiri dị nso. A na-ejikarị njikwa ájá ala eme ihe yana ijikwa mbuze, nke e mere iji gbochie maọbụ belata mbuze ma si otú a belata mkpa ọ dị maka njikwa ájá. A na-emekarị njikwa ájá ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị a ga-eji nwa oge, agbanyeghị, enwere ike iji ụfọdụ maka ebumnuche njikwa mmiri ozuzo. [1]

Njikwa nsacha aja a na-etinyekarị n'ọrụ

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A na-ejikarị ahịhịa ahịhịa eme ihe n'ịchịkwa ájá ájá
  • Chek dam
  • Ntugharị ụgbọ mmiri (nke nwa oge)
  • Eriri mpịakọta
  • Gabions
  • Jel Flocculant
  • Ndị Siltbusters
  • Ihe mgbochi akpa ájá
  • Efere sediment
  • Ọnyà sediment
  • Ogige silt
  • Nchedo mmiri ozuzo site na draịvụ oké ifufe
  • Ihe mgbochi ahịhịa
  • Turbidity curtain [2]

Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị ire

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Njikwa mmiri ndị silt metụtara site na iji ngwa na mgbakwunye kemịkalụ, nke a na-akpọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ di ire, bụ ụdị njikwa sedimenti ọhụrụ nyere ụlọ ọrụ owuwu. E mere usoro ndị a iji belata ihe ndị siri ike a na-egbochi bụ Total_suspended_solids (TSS) ịbanye n'ime mmiri dị nso ebe mmetọ silt nwere ike ịbụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-anakọta ma ọ bụ na-apịpụta mmiri ozuzo nke mmiri jupụtara na sediment, a na-agbakwụnyekwa ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro iji nyere aka n'ịkọwapụta ya . Ụdị ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị nro gụnyere;

  • Polymas dị ka chi siri kee ya : A na-enweta ya site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike, dịka starch, chitosan, na guar gum.
  • Polymers sịntetik : Ndị a gụnyere polyacrylamide na ihe ndị sitere na ha, nke enwere ike ịhazi ya ka ọ dabara na mkpa ọgwụgwọ mmiri ụfọdụ. Ha dị irè na obere dose ma e jiri ya tụnyere flocculants aka mere.
  • Flocculants adịghị ka chi siri kee ya : Aluminum Sulfate (alum) , Ferric Chloride, Ferric Sulfate, Polyaluminum Chloride

A ga-akpachara anya nke ukwuu mgbe a na-eji cationic flocculants dị ka chitosan maọbụ polyacrylamide positive charged maọbụ polyDADMAC nke na-akpata hypoxia n'ime azụ . Ojiji nke anionic, nke na-anaghị achaji, flocculants bụ usoro kacha mma na ụsoro ọgwụgwọ open loop iji hụ na echebere ebe obibi mmiri, azụ na ihe ndị enweghị ọkpụkpụ.

A na-asacha mmiri ahụ ( ájá maọbụ ihe nzacha katrij,) maọbụ dozie ya ( lamella clarifier maọbụ weir tank ) tupu a wụpụ ya. A na-eji njikwa sedimenti kemịkalụ eme ihe ugbu a n'ebe ụfọdụ e wuru ihe gburugburu United States na Europe, nke na-abụkarị ebe ndị buru ibu ebe enwere ike imebi iyi ndị dị nso. [3]Nhazi usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na-eji electrocoagulation flocculate flocculate nke ihe ndị a kwụnyere n'ime mmiri ozuzo, wee soro usoro nzacha. [4] usoro ọgwụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ chọrọ ahụmịhe teknụzụ iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaọrụ eme ihe.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ pasiv

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A pụkwara iji kemịkalụ gwọọ mmiri iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emebi emebi mee ihe n'enweghị ihe mgbochi. Usoro ọgwụgwọ pasiv na-eji ike nke mmiri na-asọ site na ndọda site na olulu mmiri, ọwa mmiri, olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ e wuru iji mee ka ọgwụgwọ dị irè. A na-etinye ngwaahịa ndị na-eji aka ha eme ihe, dị ka Gel Flocculants, n'ime mmiri na-asọ asọ ebe ihe ndị na-asọpụ asọpụ, colloids na ike mmiri na-ejikọ ọnụ iji wepụta usoro achọrọ, ma si otú a na-emepụta ihe ndị dị arọ nke enwere ike ịcha maọbụ dozie ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikarị eriri ndị e ji aka kpaa dịka jute eme ihe n'ala olulu mmiri iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe nzacha. Enwere ike itinye ihe ndị na-ejide silt n'ebe ahụ iji jide ihe ndị na-asọpụ asọpụ. A na-ejikarị ọdọ mmiri ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-edebe ihe iji mee ka mmiri doo anya ma tinye ihe ahụ n'ime ya. Ịgwupụta ihe, owuwu dị arọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ejirila sistemụ ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. Ụdị sistemụ ndị a enweghị carbon dị ala n'ihi na ọ dịghị mkpa isi iyi ike mpụga, ha achọghị obere nkà iji rụọ ọrụ, obere mmezi ma dị irè n'ibelata ihe siri ike niile, ụfọdụ ọla dị arọ na phosphorus nri.

Enwere ike ime ọgwụgwọ mmiri ozuzo n'enweghị ihe mgbochi. A na-emekarị iwu Stokes iji wepụ ihe ndị buru ibu karịa micron iri anọ, maọbụ iji gbochie mmiri iji belata idei mmiri n'ala. Agbanyeghị, iwu gbasara ihe ndị na-esi na SWMF apụta na-esiwanye ike, ebe mmetụta ọjọọ sitere na nri dị ka Phosphorus nke sitere na (fetiliza) gbazee, maọbụ nke ejikọtara na ihe ndị na-esin na nsacha na ihe owuwu maọbụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agbapụta, na-eme ka algae na cyanobacteria na-egbu egbu (nke a makwaara dị ka algae Blue-green ) na-eto n'ọdọ mmiri ndị ọ na-aba. Cyanotoxin bụ ihe na-ebute echiche karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-agwọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ enweghị ike iwepụ nsí na-emetọ mmiri nke ọma. Na nnyocha ọgwụgwọ mmiri ozuzo nke obodo na-adịbeghị anya, [5] ejiri teknụzụ sedimentation dị elu mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị ihe mgbochi na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dị n'elu SWMF iji wepụ nkezi nke pasenti ịri itoolu nke TSS na fosforus n'oge ihe dị ka afọ iri ise nke oge mmiri ozuzo.

Ihe ndị a na-atụanya iji jikwaa usoro a

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Steeti niile dị na mba Amerịka nwere iwu na-atụanya ka e tinye ihe ndị na-egbochi mbuze na ihe ndị na-egbochi nsacha ala bụ erosion and sediment controls (ESCs) n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu nke e kwuputara nha ya . Iwu gọọmentị etiti na-atụanya ka e tinye ihe ndị na-egbochi mmebi ihe i n'ebe dị otu eka (0.40 ha) na ndị buru ibu. Ebe ndị pere mpe nke bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ mmepe nkịtị (dịka ọmụmaatụ mpaghara ebe obibi) dịkwa mkpa inwe ESCs [6]. Na steeti ụfọdụ, ebe ndị na-adịghị n'akụkụ n'okpuru otu eka (4,000 m dịkwa mkpa ka ha nwee ESC. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Steeti Maryland kwesiri inwe ESC na ebe ruru puku sq ise ft (460) m maọbụ karịa [7]. A ga-etinyerịrị njikwa ala tupu nsogbu ala amalite (dịka ịsụcha ala, ịchacha na nhazi ) ma a ga-edobe ya n'oge niile nke nhazi nsogbu ahụ. A ga-enweta nkwenye maka iji kemịkalụ ọ bụla tupu e tinye ya.

Leekwa

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  • Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC)
  • Geotechnical engineering
  • Geotextile (material used in erosion & sediment controls)
  • Nonpoint source pollution
  • Stormwater
  • Universal Soil Loss Equation

Edensibịa

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  1. ↑ (2010) Basic Erosions and Sediment Control. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. 
  2. ↑ State of Washington. Department of Ecology. Olympia, WA. “Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington.” Volume II –Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. 2005.
  3. ↑ California Stormwater Quality Association. Menlo Park, CA. “California Stormwater BMP Handbook: Chemical Treatment.” Archived 2013-05-25 at the Wayback Machine Fact Sheet No. SE-11. January 2003.
  4. ↑ Benedict, Arthur H., et al. 2004. "Raising the Bar on Construction Stormwater Treatment." Stormwater: May–June 2004.
  5. ↑ Erosion Control and Advanced Sedimentation Pilot Project.
  6. ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Regulations for Revision of the Water Pollution Control Program Addressing Storm Water Discharges; Final Rule” (Commonly called the “Phase II Stormwater Rule.”) Federal Register, 64 FR 68721, December 8, 1999.
  7. ↑ State of Maryland. Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR). Activities for Which Approved Erosion and Sediment Control Plans are Required. Sec. 26.17.01.05.

Njikọ mpụga

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