Ndị Agha Ụgbọelu nke Pakistan

Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Urdu پاک فضائیہ romanized: Pāk Fizāïyah;) [Ntuba ama 1] bụ ngalaba agha ikuku nke Pakistan, nke enyere ya na nchekwa ikuku nke Pakistan, yana ọrụ nke abụọ nke inye ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha mmiri Pakistan nkwado ikuku mgbe achọrọ ya, yana ikike ikuku nke Pakistan. Dịka nke 2024, kwa International Institute for Strategic Studies, PAF nwere ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 70,000 na-arụsi ọrụ ike. [1] PAF bụ ndị agha ikuku kacha ukwuu nke ụwa ndị Alakụba n'ihe gbasara ụgbọ elu. [2] Ọrụ ya na ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ "ịnye, na mmekọrịta ya na ọrụ ndị ọzọ, nke kacha arụ ọrụ nke ọma, kwenyesiri ike na ọnụ ahịa ikuku ikuku nke Pakistan." Kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1947, PAF etinyela aka na ọgụ dị iche iche, na-enye nkwado ikuku na ọrụ na enyemaka nke ndị agha Pakistan. [3] N'okpuru edemede 243, Iwu Pakistan họpụtara Onye isi ala Pakistan ka ọ bụrụ ọchịagha nkịtị nke ndị agha Pakistan. Onye isi nke ndị ọrụ ikuku (CAS), site n'ụkpụrụ onye ọrụ ikuku kpakpando anọ, onye isi ala họpụtara ya na ndụmọdụ na nkwenye achọrọ n'aka Prime Minister Pakistan. [4]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Templeeti:Pakistan Air Force main

1947-1950: Afọ ndị a malitere

E hiwere Royal Pakistan Air Force (RPAF) na 15 Ọgọst 1947 na nnwere onwe nke Pakistan site na British India. RPAF malitere site na nkesa akwụkwọ nke ndị ọrụ 2,332, ụgbọ mmiri nke 24 Tempest II fighter-bombers, 16 Hawker Typhoon fighter, H.P.57 Halifax bombers abụọ, ụgbọ elu Auster abụọ, ndị na-enye ọzụzụ North America iri na abụọ na iri na abụọ de Havilland Tiger Moth biplanes. Obere ole na ole dị maka ndị RPAF n'ala ka ha gbasasịrị na British India ka e nye ha ma nakọta ha ma emechaa. N'ime ndị a dị ole na ole nọ n'ọnọdụ a na-efe efe ka e wee jiri ha mee ihe. N'ikpeazụ, ọ nwetakwara ụgbọ elu asatọ C-47 Dakota nke ọ na-ebugara ndị agha na-alụ ọgụ na 1947 na Kashmir megide India ihe oriri. A napụtara ndị ogbunigwe Halifax abụọ nke mbụ HP57 na 1948 wee jiri ya mee ihe n'oge 1947 Agha maka mbubata mbubata oge abalị na Skardu na mpaghara ugwu ndị ọzọ nke Pakistan. All natara megide ekenyela n'oge nnwere onwe nke Pakistan si British India. Ọ malitere site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu asaa gbasasịrị na mpaghara niile. Mgbe nkewa nke British India gasịrị, Faqir nke Ipi, onye ndu nkewa nke pashtun jụrụ imepụta Pakistan ọhụrụ emepụtara.

N'afọ 1948, ndị Faqir nke Ipi weghaara mpaghara Datta Khel nke North Waziristan wee kwupụta nguzobe nke Pashtunistan nọọrọ onwe ya, na nkwado sitere n'alaeze Afghanistan gbara agbata obi.

Na nzaghachi na nnupụisi Faqir, Pakistan Air Force na June 1949 na-amaghi ama ama atụgbuo obodo Afghanistan nke Mughalgai nke dị na ókèala Waziristan na Afghanistan ka ha na-achụso ndị Pashtunistan nkewa ndị wakporo ókèala Pakistan site na Afghanistan, agha a bịara mara dị ka Mughalgai mbuso agha nke hapụrụ 23 separatists nwụrụ ma nwetakwuo nkwado nke Pakistan. Faqir guzobere Gurwek ka ọ bụrụ isi ụlọ ọrụ maka ọrụ ya. Faqir guzobekwara ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta egbe na Gurwek site na nkwado ihe onwunwe nke gọọmentị Afghanistan nyere.Na 10 Eprel 1959, n'oge ezumike Eid ul-Fitr na Pakistan, otu Indian Air Force (IAF) English Electric Canberra B (1) 58 nke No. 106 Squadron banyere n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Pakistan na njem nlegharị anya foto. Abụọ PAF F-86F Sabers (Flt. Lt. M. N. Butt (onye isi) na Flt. M. Yunis) nke No. 15 Squadron na Air Defence Alert (ADA) gbapụrụ site na PAF Base Peshawar iji gbochie ụgbọ elu IAF. Butt nwara ịkwatu Canberra site n'ịgba egbe igwe Saber ya, mana Canberra nọ na-efe efe n'elu elu karịa 50,000 ụkwụ karịa elu ụlọ ọrụ F-86F. Mgbe Yunis weghaara onye ndu ya, Canberra kwụsịrị ịdị elu na mberede ka ọ na-atụgharị Rawalpindi. Yunis gbawara mgbawa nke dakwasịrị Canberra n'ogo nke 47,500 ụkwụ wee wedata ya n'elu Rawat, na-akara akara mmeri ikuku mbụ nke PAF. Ndị ọrụ abụọ nke IAF Canberra chụpụrụ ma ndị ọchịchị Pakistan weghaara ha. A tọhapụrụ ha ka ha nọrọ n'ụlọnga ruo oge ụfọdụ,

1960-1961 Mgbasa ozi Bajaur

Templeeti:Pakistan Air Force mainN'agbata 1960 na 1961, ndị agha Royal Afghan Army na puku kwuru puku ndị Pashtun sitere na Afghanistan gafere oke oke Pakistan na Afghanistan wee banye na Bajaur Agency nke Pakistan nwere onwe ya na mbọ iji webata mpaghara ahụ.

Ndị agha ikuku Pakistan zigara ụgbọ elu F-86 Saber iji kwado ndị agha Pakistan na ndị ebo Pashtun obodo Pakistan bụ ndị na-ebuso ndị agha Afghanistan agha. Ụgbọ elu F-86 Saber gbukwara bọmbụ na-agba ọsọ na Royal Afghan Army na Kunar, Afghanistan, si otú a na-eduga ndị agha Afghanistan ịlaghachi azụ na ókèala mba ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na Royal Afghan Air Force nwere ndị agha MiG-17 asaa na ndị otu MiG-21 ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ nweghị nkịta amaghi ama n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ.

Agha Indo-Pakistani nke 1965

Ụgbọ mmiri PAF n'oge ahụ nwere 12 F-104 Starfighters, ụfọdụ 120 F-86 Sabers na gburugburu 20 B-57 Canberra bọmbụ. [8] Ndị PAF na-ekwu na ha nwere ikike ikuku zuru oke na mpaghara agha site na ụbọchị nke abụọ nke ọrụ. [9] Agbanyeghị, IAF Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh kwuru na, n'agbanyeghị na ha dị ala karịa PAF, ndị IAF boro ebubo na ha nwetara ikike ikuku zuru oke n'ime ụbọchị atọ.

Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ekwuputala na ihe ịga nke ọma PAF nwetara n'ịlụso ndị IAF ọgụ bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mma nke US, na-ekwu na ọ ka ụgbọ elu nke IAF na-arụ ọrụ ma na-enye PAF "uru qualitative". Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na Pakistan gọnarịrị nkwupụta a, ndị na-ekwu na ụgbọ elu IAF MiG-21, Hawker Hunter na Folland Gnat nwere arụmọrụ ka mma karịa ndị agha F-86 nke PAF, na-agụghị maka uru ọnụ ọgụgụ doro anya nke IAF nwere. [11] Dị ka PAF Air Commodore Sajad Haider larala ezumike nká si kwuo, F-86 Saber dị ala n'ihe gbasara ike na ọsọ na IAF's Hawker Hunter.

Air Commodore Sajad Haider, bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na nke 19 squadron kwukwara na F-104 Starfighter emeghị ka a mara ya dị ka "mpako nke PAF" n'ihi na ọ "adịghị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara ahụ. Ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya dị elu nke e mere iji mee ka Soviet strategic strategic above 0 footers 4 0. Ka o sina dị, ndị IAF kwenyere na ha tụrụ egwu na-eche Starfighter ihu n'ọgụ [12] n'agbanyeghị na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụgbọ mmiri IAF nke Folland Gnats. [15] Dị ka isi mmalite ndị India si kwuo, F-86F mere nke ọma megide ndị dinta IAF mana ọ bụghị nke ọma megide Gnat, nke ndị IAF kpọrọ Saber Slayer

Na India, ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ elu mfu nke IAF bụ ebubo na ala mgbe PAF tara ahụhụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha mfu na ikuku ọgụ, [18] a na-ekwu nke ọtụtụ mba na-anabatara dị ka "mgbatị". [18] IAF gbara nnukwu mkpọsa ikuku mkparị site na itinye 40% nke mbọ ikuku ya na nkwado ikuku naanị.

Mba abụọ a ekwuola na-emegiderịta onwe ha banyere mfu n'ọgụ a na-alụ n'oge agha na ebe ole na ole na-anọpụ iche ekwenyela na nkwupụta nke mba ọ bụla, dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ esemokwu India na Pakistan. Ndị PAF na-ekwu na ọ gbaturu ụgbọ elu 104 IAF wee tufuo 19 nke ya, ebe ndị IAF kwuru na ọ gbaturu ụgbọ elu 73 PAF ebe 60 nke ya tụfuru. [19] Dị ka ọtụtụ isi mmalite nọọrọ onwe ya na nnọpụiche, PAF tụfuru ihe dị ka ụgbọ elu 20 ebe IAF tụfuru ebe dị n'etiti 60 na 75.

N'agbanyeghị ọgụ siri ike n'oge agha ahụ, esemokwu ahụ bụ n'ụzọ dị irè na enweghị nkwubi okwu na nsonaazụ ya.

Agha Indo-Pakistani nke 1971

Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1971, mmụba nke nnwere onwe na mbụ East Pakistan butere agha nnwere onwe Bangladesh n'etiti West Pakistan na East Pakistan (nke India mechara sonye). [22] Na 22 Nọvemba 1971, ụbọchị 10 tupu mmalite nke agha zuru oke, ụgbọ elu PAF F-86 Saber anọ wakporo ọnọdụ India na Mukti Bahini na Garibpur, na nso oke mba ụwa. Abụọ n'ime PAF Sabers anọ ka ndị IAF Gnats gbagburu ma otu mebie. [23] Na 3 Disemba, India kwuwapụtara agha megide Pakistan n'ihi nnukwu mwakpo nke PAF megide nrụnye IAF na Srinagar, Ambala, Sirsa, Halwara na Jodhpur. Agbanyeghị, ndị IAF enweghị nnukwu mfu n'ihi na ndị ndu ahụ tụrụ anya n'ụdị mmegharị ahụ, yabụ, a kpachapụ anya. [24] Ndị IAF mere ngwa ngwa ịzaghachi ọgụ ụgbọ elu Pakistan, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị PAF mere ọtụtụ ụdị nchebe.

Agha kwụsịrị na 14:30 GMT na 17 Disemba, ka ọdịda Dacca gasịrị na 15 Disemba. Ndị PAF fepụrụ ihe dị ka ụdị 2,840 wee bibie ụgbọ elu IAF 71 ebe 43 nke ya furu efu.

1979-1989: Agha Soviet-Afghan

Na 1979, PAF's Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Anwar Shamim, gwara onye isi ala na onye isi ndị agha General Zia-ul-Haq mgbe ahụ, na Pakistan nwere ọgụgụ isi a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na atụmatụ India ịwakpo na ibibi ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nuklia Pakistan na Kahuta. ACM Shamim gwara General Zia-ul-Haq na, na steeti PAF dị ugbu a, "ụgbọ elu ndị India nwere ike iru ebe ahụ n'ime nkeji atọ ebe PAF ga-ewe nkeji asatọ, na-enye ndị India ohere ịwakpo ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma laghachi tupu PAF agbachitere ma ọ bụ megwara". N'ihi na Kahuta dị nso n'ókè India, a kwenyere n'ikwenye na ụzọ kacha mma isi gbochie mwakpo ndị India nwere ike ime bụ ịchọta ndị agha ọhụrụ na ngwá agha. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a bulite mwakpo mmegwara na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nuklia India dị na Trombay ma ọ bụrụ na ndị India wakporo Kahuta. E kpebiri na ụgbọ elu kachasị mma ga-abụ F-16 Fighting Falcon, nke United States mesịrị kwenye ịnye mgbe PAF jụrụ ịzụta F-5. N'afọ 1983, mgbe F-16 nke mbụ rutere Pakistan, ACM Shamim gwara Zia maka ikike PAF na-amụbawanye nke ọma iji meghachi omume n'ụzọ dị irè na mbuso agha nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nuklia na Kahuta.

N'ihi esemokwu na-arị elu na Soviet Union n'ihi mbuso agha ya na Afghanistan, Pakistan ISI na-ahazi usoro CIA, MI6 na Mossad iji nweta ihe onwunwe America na ngwa agha maka ndị agha Afghanistan na-ebuso ndị agha Soviet agha agha. Akụkọ dị iche iche n'oge oge a gosiri na PAF ejirila nzuzo mee agha ikuku megide ndị agha ikuku Soviet na-akwado ndị agha ikuku nke Afghan n'oge esemokwu ahụ; [29] otu n'ime ha bụ nke Alexander Rutskoy.

A bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi nkwekọrịta ruo 28 F-16A na 12 F-16B na December 1981. The contracts, Peace Gate / na Peace Gate I / bụ maka 6 na 34 Block 15 ụdị, nke a ga-akwado site na engine F100-PW-200. A nabatara ọnụ ụzọ Udo / ụgbọ elu mbụ na Fort Worth na October 1982. E mechara nyefee F-16A na anọ F-16B na Pakistan na 1983, na F-16 nke mbụ rutere na PAF Base Sargodha (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka PAF Base Mushaf) na 15 January 1983 onye ndu Shah Shah Squad.ron. Ụgbọ elu 34 fọdụrụ dị ka akụkụ nke Peace Gate II ka ebugara n'etiti 1983 na 1987.

N'etiti Mee 1986 na Nọvemba

1988, [31] F-16 ndị PAF nwetara ọhụrụ agbagburu opekata mpe ụgbọ elu asatọ si Afghanistan. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu abụọ sitere na No. 9 Squadron gbagburu atọ mbụ n'ime ndị a (otu Su-22, otu nwere ike ịbụ Su-22, na otu An-26). Ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nke No. 14 Squadron bibiri ndị intruder ise fọdụrụnụ (abụọ Su-22, MiG-23 abụọ, na otu Su-25). [32] Ọtụtụ n'ime ogbugbu ndị a bụ nke AIM-9 Sidewinder, mana opekata mpe otu (Su-22) ka ọkụ egbe bibiri. Onye ụgbọ elu Pakistan Lieutenant Khalid Mahmoud bụ mmadụ atọ n'ime ogbugbu ndị a.

E kwenyere na PAF nyochara French Dassault Mirage 2000 na mbido 1981 ma na-eme atụmatụ nyochaa F-16 Fighting Falcon mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.

1990-2001: mmachibido iwu agha nke US

Ka emechara ndezigharị nke Pressler, United States tinyere mmachi na mmachi ngwa agha na Pakistan malite na 6 October 1990 n'ihi na-aga n'ihu na mmemme nyocha ngwa agha nuklia nke mba ahụ. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá udo iri na otu nke III F-16, yana F-16A asaa na F-16B nke 60 Peace Gate IV F-16, bụ nke e wuru na njedebe nke 1994 ka amachibidoro ma tinye ya na nchekwa na ala US.

N'ịchọ ụgbọ elu ọgụ ọgbara ọhụrụ dị elu, n'etiti ngwụcha 1990 na 1993 ndị PAF nyochara European Panavia Tornado MRCA (ụgbọ elu ọgụ ọtụtụ ọrụ), wee jụ ya. Dassault Mirage 2000E nke France na onyinye sitere na Poland maka ịnye MiG-29s na Su-27 tụlere, mana ọ nweghị nkwekọrịta mezuru. N'afọ 1992, PAF lekwasịrị anya ọzọ na French Mirage 2000, na-emegharị atụmatụ site na mmalite 1980 iji nweta ụgbọ elu 20-40, mana ire ere emeghị n'ihi na France achọghị ire ụdị zuru oke n'ihi nrụgide sitere na United States. N'August 1994, Sweden nyere PAF Saab JAS-39 Gripen, mana ire ere emeghị n'ihi na 20% nke ihe Gripen sitere na U.S., nke ka na-edobe iwu na Pakistan.

N'etiti 1992, Pakistan dị nso ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta maka ịnye 40 Dassault Mirage 2000s, nke nwere Thomson-CSF RDM/7 radar sitere na France, n'agbanyeghị na mmachi US gbochiri nkwekọrịta a imecha

N'etiti 1994, a kọrọ na ndị na-emepụta Russia Sukhoi na Mikoyan na-enye Su-27 na MiG-29, [39] ma a kọrọ na Pakistan na-akparịta ụka maka ịnye Mirage 2000-5.[40] Otu French na Russian gara Pakistan na 27 Nọvemba 1994 ma ọ bụ. kwuputara na mmasị na ụgbọ elu Rọshịa bụ ịmanye France ka ọ belata ọnụ ahịa Mirage 2000. Ihe a chọrọ bụ ihe ruru ụgbọ elu 40.

2001-2021: Agha na Afghanistan

Ekwenyere na ndị agha ikuku Pakistan nwere ọrụ mbụ na ebubo ịchụpụ ndị ọrụ Taliban nke ndị agha Pakistan si Afghanistan. Agbanyeghị, ndị ọrụ Pakistan na Amerịka agọnarịla ụdị ebufe ụgbọelu a na-eme.

2008 post-Mumbai mwakpo ụgbọelu alert

Mgbe mwakpo Mumbai 2008 gasịrị, etinyere Pakistan Air Force na nche dị elu na atụmanya maka ebubo na mkpasu iwe ndị India ọ bụla nwere ike ime. Ọ gbagara n'ebe niile n'oge agha wee malite ndị nche ụgbọ elu ọgụ. Ọsọ na ike nke ntinye na ịdị njikere PAF were ndị agha India High Command na mberede na akụkọ ndị e mesịrị na-egosi na nke ahụ bụ isi ihe na-emetụta mkpebi ndị India na-agaghị agafe ókèala n'ime Pakistan.[44] [45] Enyere PAF iwu ka ọ malite mwakpo ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na mbuso agha sitere na India, mgbe oku sitere n'aka Minista mba ofesi India Pranab Mukherjee na Onye isi ala Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari (oku mechara bụrụ ihe efu)

2011 U.S. wakporo Abbottabad

Akụkọ nyocha nke mbụ gosiri na Pakistan Air Force (PAF) kọrọ mmegharị nke ụfọdụ ụgbọ elu ọkara iri na abụọ n'akụkụ ókèala Jalalabad n'elekere 23:00 tupu helikopta America abanye na Abbottabad igbu Osama bin Laden. "Achọpụtara otu ụgbọ elu dị ka US AWACS na ise ndị fọdụrụ ka a ghọtara dị ka ụgbọ elu F / A-18 nke US. Ụgbọ elu ndị a na-efe n'akụkụ ókèala Pakistan, ma ha agafeghị n'ime ikuku nke Pakistan,

Na nchọpụta nke mbuso agha, ụgbọ elu PAF nọ na njikere nchekwa ikuku gbajiri ma PAF were usoro arụ ọrụ zuru oke ozugbo dịka usoro ọrụ ọkọlọtọ si dị. Ụgbọ elu PAF gara n'ihu na ọnụnọ ha na mpaghara Abbottabad ruo n'isi ụtụtụ ma mesịa laghachi n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ha,

Otú ọ dị, eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu ndị na-abụghị nke zuo ezu abanyela n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Pakistan, nọrọ ruo awa atọ iji rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa, na ụgbọ elu PAF rutere n'ebe ahụ naanị nkeji 24 ka ndị helikopta America gachara, mere ka onye isi ọrụ PAF bụrụ "otu n'ime ihe omume kachasị eme ihere na akụkọ ihe mere eme Pakistan"

2001-2021: Ọrụ mgbochi nnupụisi na North-West Pakistan

Ndị agha Pakistan chere ọtụtụ nsogbu ihu n'oge mwakpo 2009 megide ndị Taliban na North-West Pakistan Ọtụtụ narị puku ndị Pakistan hapụrụ ebe ahụ mgbe a mara ọkwa mkpasu iwe na, n'ikpeazụ, ihe karịrị nde abụọ ga-anabata n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. A ga-emecha mwakpo a ngwa ngwa o kwere mee iji kwe ka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ laghachi n'ụlọ ha mana helikopta ndị agha na-ebuso agha ezughi oke inye ndị agha nọ n'ala nkwado zuru oke. E zigara PAF ime ihe megide ndị Taliban iji mejupụta enweghị ụgbọ agha helikopta. N'ihi na a zụrụ PAF ma kwadebere ịlụ ọgụ nkịtị, a ghaghị imeziwanye "ozizi na-emegide ndị na-eyi ọha egwu" ọhụrụ.

Mmega ahụ nke Saffron Bandit nke PAF lekwasịrị anya na ọzụzụ dị ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ ọgụ ka ha wee rụọ ọrụ COIN. Ewebata akụrụngwa ọhụrụ iji kwalite ọgụgụ isi, nleba anya na nlegharị anya nke PAF. A gbanwere ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu C-130 maka ọrụ ISR ehihie na abalị.

Eji ogbunigwe a na-eduzi laser mụbara ruo 80% nke ngwa agha ejiri, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 40% na mkpọsa Bajaur nke 1960 gara aga. Ndị PAF zụrụ obere ozu nke ndị na-ahụ ntụpọ ala ma jiri ya mee ihe, na mgbakwunye na ndị na-ahụ maka ndị agha Pakistan, iji chọpụta ebumnuche ndị bara uru.

Tupu mwakpo ndị agha Pakistan wakporo South Waziristan, PAF wakporo akụrụngwa ndị agha na bọmbụ 500 lb na 2000 lb.

Ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị nwụrụ n'oge mwakpo ụgbọelu PAF na 10 Eprel 2010 na mpaghara ebo FATA. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị agha Pakistan si kwuo, ogbunigwe nke mbụ gbagburu na nnọkọ ndị agha na ogige. Ndị obodo ahụ gbagoro ngwa ngwa banye n'ebe ogbunigwe mbụ ahụ mere iji nwetaghachi ndị nwụrụ anwụ na ndị merụrụ ahụ site na mwakpo nke abụọ gburu. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ enwetara, a kwenyere na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 30 nwụrụ dịka ndị agha si kwuo, ebe onye ọrụ obodo kwuru na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 73, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka, gburu. [55] Otu kọmitii dị mmadụ isii nke ndị okenye agbụrụ sitere na mpaghara ahụ e nyere ọrụ ịchọpụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nkịtị nwụrụnụ kwuru na e gburu ndị nkịtị 61 na 21 merụrụ ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị akwadoghị nke a mana onye isi ndị agha Pakistan mgbe ahụ, General Ashfaq Kayani, nyere mgbaghara ọha na eze na 17 Eprel. [56] [57] A na-akọ na anabataghị akụkọ BBC na ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ ka ha gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ n'aka ndị merụrụ ahụ.

2019 mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistan na Jammu na Kashmir

Na-esochi mwakpo Pulwama na Jammu na Kashmir, India boro ebubo itinye aka ndị Pakistan na ihe omume a. Na nzaghachi, India mere mwakpo ikuku n'akụkụ obodo Balakot na mpaghara Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [59] ọtụtụ kilomita n'ime oke mpaghara ahụ na Kashmir nke Pakistan na-achị. [60] Ndị agha Pakistan kwuru na ụgbọ elu ndị India tụbara ibu ha n'otu ugwu ugwu nke osisi na-enweghị onye bi na nso Balakot ka ụgbọ elu ndị agha PAF kwụsịrị.

Na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, mgbe esemokwu dị n'etiti India na Pakistan bidoro, Pakistan kwuru na ọ gbagburu ebumnuche isii n'akụkụ nrụnye ndị agha India n'ime Kashmir nke India na-achịkwa, nke kụrụ oghere [62] site na aha akpọrọ "Operation Swift Retort".

A kpagburu ụgbọ elu ndị agha ikuku India iji gbochie ụgbọ elu PAF n'ime Jammu na Kashmir. N'ịgbaso nkwụsịtụ ahụ, ọgụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ dara na ụgbọ elu Pakistan gbagburu onye India MiG-21.

Nkeji iri tupu mwakpo ikuku nke 27 nke ọnwa Febrụwarị, ngwa ọgụ ndị India Spyder gbagburu helikopta IAF Mi-17, ebe e hiere ụzọ dị ka drone PAF. Nke a butere mfu nke ụgbọ elu na ọnwụ nke ndị niile nọ n'ụgbọ: ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu abụọ (ndị isi squadron Siddarth Vashista na Ninad Mandavgane), injin ụgbọ elu Vishal Kumar Pandey, Sergeant Vikrant Sehrawat, na corporal Deepak Pandey na Pankaj Kumars, na otu onye nkịtị nọ n'ala (Kifayat Hussain Gani) [5] [5] Martialled Group Captain Sumon Roy Chaudhry, onye nke abụọ na-achị [67] nke Srinagar Air Force Station n'oge PAF gburu maka nleghara anya, na a ga-achụpụ ya, [68] Otú ọ dị, nchụpụ a chịrị ultra vires site n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Punjab na Haryana, bụ ndị setịpụrụ ụbọchị nke 12 September 2023 maka ndị pilot na-emelite ya [69] Vayu Sena gallantry nrite.

India kwuru na ọ tụfuru naanị otu ụgbọ elu (MiG-21) ebe ọ na-ekwu na ọ gbagburu F-16 Pakistan. [70] Pakistan jụrụ nkwupụta India, na-ekwupụta na ọ nweghị F-16 ebugara. [71] India nakweere mfu nke helikopta Mi-17 na ọkụ enyi na-akpọ ya dị ka "nnukwu mmejọ" [72] [73] Pakistan ga-emesị kweta na ejiri F-16 mee ihe, mana kwusiri ike na ọ nweghị onye n'ime ha gbagburu. [74] Pakistan kwukwara na ọ gbagburu Sukhoi Su-30 MKI, nkwupụta nke ndị ọchịchị India jụrụ. Ndị agha Pakistan jidere ma jide Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman, onye na-anya ụgbọ elu MiG-21 Bison. Ejidere ya ụbọchị abụọ tupu ahapụ ya na ngafe oke Wagah-Attari na Machị 1.

Na mbụ, ndị ọrụ agha Pakistan kwuru na ha nwere ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu abụọ, otu n'ime ha nwụrụ mgbe a na-agwọ ya, nkwupụta nke mechara gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ naanị Abhinandan nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ewere nke a ka ọ bụrụ ihe akaebe nke ụfọdụ ndị India gbagburu onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Pakistan. [76] Ọnụ ọgụgụ US nke ụgbọ mmiri F-16 nke PAF na ndị na-ekiri ndị agha mba ụwa dị iche iche, jụrụ ịzụta ihe India na-ekwu na ha gbatuo F-16 PAF.

2024 mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistani na Iran

Dịkarịa ala, mmadụ 47 nwụrụ na 22 merụrụ ahụ na mwakpo ikuku abụọ nke ndị agha Pakistan na-aga n'ókè Afghanistan na 16 Eprel 2022. Ndị Taliban kpọrọ onye nnọchianya Pakistan na Kabul ma debanye aha mkpesa ha megide ndị agha. mwakpo ikuku n'ime Afghanistan. [78] Mwakpo ikuku ndị a na-aka akara ngosi izizi nke mba ọzọ na-ebuso agha na ala Afghanistan kemgbe e guzobere Emirate Islam na Afghanistan.

Disemba 2024 mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistani na Afghanistan

Ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 9 nwụrụ mgbe ndị agha ikuku Pakistan mere mwakpo mmegwara, akpọrọ Operation Marg Bar Sarmachar na ebumnuche asaa n'ime mpaghara Sistan-Balochistan nke Iran. Mwakpo a bịara ụbọchị abụọ ka mgbọ ogbunigwe ndị Iran yitere n'ime mpaghara Pakistan. Dị ka Iran si kwuo, e gburu ụmụ amaala mba ofesi itoolu na mwakpo a. Baloch Liberation Army, otu n'ime otu ndị a gbadoro ụkwụ na ogbunigwe a, kwuru na mwakpo a gbagburu ma gbuo ndị ya. Ndị ike mba ọzọ ọ bụla bụ nke mbụ wakporo ala Iran kemgbe oge njedebe nke agha Iran na Iraq na 1988.

Disemba 2024 mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistani na Afghanistan

Na 18 Maachị 2024, na nzaghachi na mwakpo sitere na Afghanistan, Pakistan Air Force mere mwakpo ikuku abụọ sitere na ọgụgụ isi na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Afghanistan nke Khost na Paktika. Gọọmenti Afghanistan kwuru na Pakistan gburu ụmụnwaanyị ise na ụmụaka atọ. [81] Pakistan na-agọnahụ nke a, na-ekwu na ọ gburu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu kama na-elekwasị anya na ndị agha Hafiz Gul Bahadur, òtù ndị na-agbawa agbawa nke Pakistani Taliban, nakwa na ọ meriri Sehra alias Janan, onye ọchịagha dị elu (HVT). Onye ọchịagha ọzọ, Abdullah Mehsud, kwuru na e gburu ya, mana emechara wepụta vidiyo na-agbagha nkwupụta ahụ. [82] A kọkwara na ụlọ Mehsud bụ ebe e gburu nwunye ya na obere nwa nwoke. Pakistan gara n'ihu taa ụta ndị Taliban Pakistan na ndị agha ha gbawara agbawa maka ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ narị ndị nkịtị Pakistan, ma kwuo na ha ji Afghanistan dị ka ntọala nakwa na ha nwere nkwado n'ime ndị Taliban. [83] Mwakpo ikuku ndị a na-aka akara ngosi nke abụọ nke mwakpo Pakistan na ala ala Afghanistan n'ime oge na-erughị afọ abụọ. Mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistan nke mbụ yiri ya na ala Afghanistan bịara na 2022.

Na 25 Disemba 2024, Pakistan Air Force butere mwakpo ikuku ziri ezi dị n'ofe obodo asaa nke Barmal District nke Afghanistan Paktika na-egbu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu 20-25. Ndị Taliban Afghanistan na-ekwu na mwakpo ndị Pakistan gburu mmadụ 46, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka, ebe Pakistan na-agọnarị nkwupụta a ma na-akwado ogige ndị na-eyi ọha egwu nke Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) na-arụ. [84] Obodo nta ndị PAF lekwasịrị anya gụnyere Laman, Margha, na Murg Bazaar na obodo anọ ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara Barmal. Akụkọ na-egosi na e bibiri obodo Murg Bazaar dị na Barmal kpamkpam. Dị ka isi mmalite Pakistan si kwuo, mwakpo ikuku Pakistan weghaara atụmatụ anọ dị elu (HVT) gụnyere ogige ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ebe nzuzo nke ndị isi ndị isi nke TTP. Ihe ndị a gbadoro anya gụnyere ogige onye isi ọkwa nke TTP Sher Zaman nke a na-akpọ Mukhlis Yar's zoro ezo, ogige ndị na-ewe ndị ọchịagha Abu Hamza na ogige ogbunigwe nke Akhtar Muhammad nke a na-akpọ Khalil. Ndị ọchịagha ndị a niile. nọ na-eji ogige maka iwere na ọzụzụ ụmụaka ndị na-egbu ogbugbu na ndị na-eyi ọha egwu. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke anọ PAF gburu bụ "Umar Media" cell nke TTP, nke onye isi nke TTP bụ ọchịagha Shoaib Iqbal Cheema a na-akpọ Muneeb Jatt, bụ ebe TTP na-agbasa mgbasa ozi dijitalụ ya iji were ndị na-egbu onwe ha. Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke Taliban na onye na-ekwuchitere ndị ọchịchị Afghanistan Zabiullah Mujahid kwadoro akụkọ banyere ogbugbu ndị agha Pakistan mere, mana kwuru na ndị nwụrụ anwụ na merụrụ ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ụmụaka na ndị nkịtị ndị ọzọ. Mwakpo ndị PAF mere akara ngosi nke atọ nke Pakistan wakporo ala Afghanistan kemgbe ọdịda Kabul dara. Mwakpo ụgbọelu Pakistan dabara n'ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke onye nchoputa Pakistan wee soro ọgụ ụgbọ elu PAF 2022 Pakistan na Afghanistan na 2024 Pakistan na-ebu agha na Afghanistan

Ọdịdị ya

Isi ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu (AHQ) , Islamabad

Northern Air Command (NAC), Peshawar
Central Air Command (CAC), Sargodha
Southern Air Command (SAC), Karachi
Western Air Command (WAC), Quetta
Iwu nchekwa ikuku (ADC), Rawalpindi
Iwu Strategic Air Force (AFSC), Islamabad
PAF Cyber Command (PAFCC), Islamabad
Iwu Space Space (PAFSC), Islamabad

Ebe ọzụzụ

Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ndị Ọchịagha (CCS), Sargodha
PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence (PAF ACE), Sargodha
PAF Air War College, Karachi
Mahadum Air, Islamabad

Ebe a na-emepụta ngwá agha

Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), Kamra.
Air Weapons Complex (AWC), Wah Cantonment.

Ntọala

PAF nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu 27 nke 19 bụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu yana 8 bụ ntọala anaghị efe efe. Ebe ndị na-efe efe bụ ntọala arụ ọrụ nke ụgbọ elu na-arụ ọrụ n'oge udo na oge agha; ebe ntọala ndị na-adịghị efe efe na-eduzi ọzụzụ, nchịkwa, mmezi, ọrụ nchekwa ikuku, ma ọ bụ nkwado ozi. Ntọala na-efe efe Ebe ndị anaghị efe efe Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Korangi Creek

(Karachi)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF Malir

(Karachi)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Topa ala

(Murree)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Kallar Kahar

(Kallar Kahar)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Kohat (Kohat)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Lahore

(Lahore)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Sakesar

(Sakesar)

Ụlọ ọrụ PAF

Kalabagh

(Nathia Gali)

1. PAF isi

Masaf

(Sargodha)

2. PAF isi

Bholari

(Bholari)

Jamshoro

Mpaghara, Sindh

3. PAF isi

Masroor

(Karachi)

4. PAF isi

Rafiqui

(Shorkot)

5. PAF isi

Peshawar

(Peshawar)

6. PAF isi

Murid

(Chakwal)

7. PAF isi

Samungli

(Quetta)

8. PAF Base M.M.

Alam

(Mianwali)

9. PAF isi

Minhas

(Kamra)

10. PAF Base Nur

Khan

(Rawalpindi)

11. PAF isi

Faisal

(Karachi)

12. PAF Base

Risalpur

(Pakistan Air

Ike

Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ)

(Risalpur)

8. PAF Base M.M.

Alam

(Mianwali)

9. PAF isi

Minhas

(Kamra)

10. PAF Base Nur

Khan

(Rawalpindi)

11. PAF isi

Faisal

(Karachi)

12. PAF Base

Risalpur

(Pakistan Air

Ike

Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ)

(Risalpur)

13. PAF Base

Shahbaz

(Jacobaba)

14. PAF Base Farid

(Rajanpur)

15. PAF Base

Vehari (Vehari)

16. PAF isi

Qadri (Skardu)

17. PAF Base

Sindhri (Mirpur

Khas)

18. PAF Base

Talhar (Badin)

19. PAF isi

Multan

(Multan)

Ndị agha

Ọdịdị nke ọkwa

Ọkwá ndị ọrụ

Ihe nnọchianya nke ndị isi ọrụ.

Ọkwá ndị ọzọ

Ọrụ ndị nkịtị

Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ
Onye na-ese ihe
Onye na-ede ihe n'ụdị
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ
Onye odeakwụkwọ

Ndị agha pụrụ iche

Ndị Pakistan Air Force's Special Services Wing (SSW) bụ ndị ọrụ ọgụ pụrụ iche nke ngalaba ahụ. Na mbụ malitere na-esochi Agha Indo-Pakistani nke 1965, SSW bụ nke a na-emepụta nke ọma na United States Air Force's Special Tactics Squadrons nwere ụfọdụ ihe sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke United States Army Rangers. Ngalaba ahụ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike mana ndị agha Pakistan hụrụ obere mkpa ruo mgbe agha Kargil gasịrị. N'ọgwụgwụ 1999, a tụgharịrị SSW n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ma hazie ya maka ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-ebuga ihe dị ka ndị agha 1,200 ugbu a.

Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụgbọelu Pakistan

Ndị okpukpe pere mpe na Pakistan Air Force

Kemgbe mmalite ya, ndị obere okpukpe nweere onwe ha ịchụso ọrụ n'ime ndị agha Pakistan, ma e wezụga ndị Hindu ruo 2001. N'ịgbaso itinye aka na agha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke United States na-edu, Pakistan tọhapụrụ ndị Hindu nta na mba ahụ site na iwu ịkpa ókè ma nye ha otu nnwere onwe ndị dị ugbu a maka Ndị Kraịst, Sikh na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. [90] Ụfọdụ ndị ama ama n'obere okpukpe na Pakistan Air Force gụnyere: Air Vice Marshal Eric Gordon Hall, Onye Kraịst jere ozi dị ka Base Commander of Chaklala Air Base n'oge agha Indo-Pakistani nke 1965. Air Commodore Nazir Latif na otu Captain Cecil Chaudhry (ma Ndị Kraịst) lụrụ ọgụ na Indo-Pakistani na 6 eblistani Warsh mgbe e mesịrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ Commodore Nazir Latif. (CCS). Wing Commander Melvin Leslie Middlecoat bụ onye na-achị ọchịagha nke No. 9 Squadron n'oge agha 1965, ya na onye isi Squadron Peter Christy lụrụ ọgụ wee bụrụ KIA na agha Indo-Pakistani nke 1971 Patrick Desmond Callaghan bụ onye ọrụ Ndị Kraịst ọzọ gbagoro n'ọkwa Air Vice Marshal. [91] Wing Commander Ronald Felix abụrụla onye na-anya ụgbọ elu Ndị Kraịst ama ama maka ịbụ onye mbụ gbakọtara ọnụ ụgbọ elu China na Pakistan JF-17 Thunder fighter kemgbe 2010 wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu PAF abụọ na-efe JF-17 na 2011 Izmir Air Show na Turkey

N'afọ 2020, ndị agha ikuku Pakistan weghaara Rahul Dev, onye Hindu sitere na Tharparkar, Sindh na nnukwu mmeri maka ndị Hindu pere mpe site na mpaghara Sindh dị anya. [90] [92] [93] Enyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọ elu izugbe na 6 Mee 2020.

Ngwá Ọrụ

Chengdu J-10C: J-10C bụ ụgbọ elu ọgụ nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ. Ndị PAF nyere iwu ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụgbọ elu 25 na 25 June 2021, na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ ga-ebili ma ọ dịkarịa ala 36. [95] Na Machị 2022, batches mbụ nke J-10 malitere ịbata na Pakistan, ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụgbọ elu 12 na-arụ ọrụ na September 2022.
PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder: Ụgbọ elu ọgụ dị iche iche nke Pakistan sitere na enyemaka ndị China mepụtara, JF-17 bụ nke e mepụtara iji dochie ụgbọ elu Pakistan merela agadi nke A-5C, F-7P/PG, Mirage III, na ụgbọ elu Mirage 5. Ugbu a, 149 JF-17 na-arụ ọrụ na PAF, gụnyere 47 JF-17A Block 1, 62 JF-17A Block 2, na 25 JF-17B Block 2 variants. [98] A na-atụ anya na a ga-emepụta ụgbọ elu 50 ọzọ nke Block III, na-ejikọta usoro avionics dị elu na radar ọhụrụ AESA. Na mgbakwunye na PAF na-atụkwa anya ịtụ 26 nke oche abụọ JF-17B dị iche iche. [99] JF-17 atọrọ ka ọ bụrụ "ọkpụkpụ azụ" nke PAF n'akụkụ ụgbọ mmiri nke American F-16.
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon: F-16 Fighting Falcon na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye agha ikuku bụ isi nke Pakistan Air Force (PAF) na mgbakwunye na ikike mbuso agha ala ya. PAF nwere ugbu a = 75 F-16s na ọrụ arụ ọrụ, gụnyere 44 F-16AM/BM Block 15 MLU, [100][101][102] 13 F-16A/B ADF[103] [104] na 18 F-16C/D Block 52+ dị iche iche.
Dassault Mirage III: N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1967, Mirage III, yana Mirage 5, na-eje ozi dị ka ụgbọ elu mbụ nke PAF. PAF na-arụ ọrụ karịa ụgbọ elu 80 Mirage III, gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere Mirage IIIEP, IIIEL na IIIO fighter-bomber variants, nke ikpeazụ nke kwalitere n'okpuru Project ROSE, na Mirage IIIRP reconnaissance variant na Mirage IIIBE, IIID, IIIDL na IIIDP variants, nke ikpeazụ kwalitere n'okpuru 6.
Dassault Mirage 5: Mirage 5, yana Mirage III, na-eje ozi dị ka ụgbọ elu izizi nke PAF. PAF na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu ụgbọ elu 90 Mirage 5 nke ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere Mirage 5PA, PA2, PA3 na 5F ụgbọ elu agha ala, nke emelitere nke ikpeazụ n'okpuru Project ROSE, ụdị nyocha Mirage 5DR na ụdị ọzụzụ Mirage 5DD na DPA2.
Chengdu F-7PG: Chengdu F-7 na-eje ozi n'ụzọ bụ isi dị ka onye na-anakọta ihe, na ihe dị ka ụgbọ elu 140 na-arụ ọrụ. [108] PAF ewepụla ụgbọ elu F-7P ya na ọrụ arụ ọrụ, nke JF-17 Thunder nọchiri anya ya. Ụdị F-7PG ka na-anọgide na-abụ isi dị iche iche iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ na PAF, ebe oche abụọ FT-7PG dị ka onye na-enye ọzụzụ ntụgharị ọrụ.

Ụgbọelu pụrụ iche

Saab 2000: PAF nọ na-arụ ọrụ Saab 2000 site na iji Erieye radar dị ka isi okwu AEW & C ya kemgbe 2009. N'ime mbụ anọ Saab 2000 na-arụ ọrụ, e bibiri otu na abụọ mebiri na mwakpo Taliban na PAF Base Minhas n'August 2012. E mechara rụzie ụgbọ elu ahụ mebiri emebi. Ndị PAF enyela iwu ụgbọ elu Erieye AEW&C atọ ọzọ sitere na Saab nke ewepụtara ogbe mbụ na 2017. [109] [chọrọ mmelite]
Shaanxi Y-8: Ụdị ZDK-03 anọ, nke akpọrọ Karakoram Eagle, na-arụ ọrụ. Ha na-etinye radar AESA ndị China nke etinyere na igwe ikuku Y-8F-600. [110]
Dassault Falcon 20: PAF na-arụ ụgbọ elu Dassault Falcon 20 atọ gbanwere nke nwere ọrụ bụ isi na agha eletrọnịkị.

Ụgbọ njem ụgbọ elu

Lockheed C-130 Hercules: C-130 Hercules na-eje ozi dị ka ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ụgbọ njem njem PAF kemgbe ọ malitere na 1962. Ụgbọ elu 15, C-130B ise, C-130E itoolu na otu L-100, na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a. Ejiri Allison T56-A-15 turboprops kwalite PAF C-130s yana ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ ogologo.
Harbin Y-12: A na-arụ Harbin Y-12 atọ dị ka ụgbọ elu ọrụ ọkụ site n'aka PAF.
Gulfsteam IV: PAF na-arụ ọrụ abụọ dị iche iche Gulfstream IV-SP.
Embraer Phenom 100: Ihe dị ka anọ n'ime ụgbọ elu ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na PAF maka ebumnuche njem.
Cessna Citation Excel: Ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị otu ụgbọ elu ndị a ka ndị PAF na-eji

Ụgbọelu na-ebu mmanụ

Ilyushin II-78: PAF na-arụ ọrụ II-78MP anọ nwere pọd mmanụ mmanụ UPAZ, nke sitere na Ukraine zụtara, dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ekuku mmanụ. Enwere ike iji II-78 dị ka onye na-ebufe mmadụ n'ozuzu site n'iwepụ tankị mmanụ ọkụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Ụgbọelu na-enye ọzụzụ

PAC MFI-17 Mushshak: Mushshak na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkuzi bụ isi nke PAF. PAF na-arụ ụgbọ elu Mushshak 120, gụnyere ụdị Super Mushshak emelitere.
Cessna T-37 Tweet: PAF ejirila T-37 rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-azụ ụgbọ elu kemgbe 1962, na ụgbọ elu ndị ọzọ sitere na Turkey na United States agbakwunyere kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. [114]
Hongdu JL-8: A na-arụ ọrụ K-8 dị ka onye na-enye ọzụzụ n'etiti, tupu ndị cadets aga n'ihu na ndị nkuzi ntụgharị. A na-ejikwa K-8 ahụ site n'aka ndị otu ihe ngosi aerobatics PAF, Sherdils.

Helikọpta

AgustaWestland AW139: Malite na 2018, PAF malitere ịmalite AW139 iji dochie Alouette a na-asọpụrụ. Nke mbụ AW139 malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Maachị nke otu afọ ahụ. [115][116]
Mil Mi-17: PAF na-arụkwa ọrụ Mi-171, nke na-eje ozi na ọrụ CSAR,

Usoro nchebe ikuku

MBDA Spada 2000 - Usoro nchekwa ikuku dị elu nke nwere radar nwere oke kilomita 60 na ngwa agha sel anọ nke nwere ike igbochi ngwa agha na ụgbọ elu ndị iro na oke ihe karịrị 20 kilomita. A bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta maka batrị iri mgbe a họpụtara Aspide n'elu usoro asọmpi sitere na Raytheon, Diehl BGT na Saab AB mgbe ule ịgba ụgwọ tupu nkwekọrịta na Pakistan site na enyemaka nke Italian Air Force, [117] Akụkọ na-ekwu na Pakistan nwalere usoro nchebe ikuku na July 2010, na-esote nnyefe nke batrị ole na ole mbụ. A na-akọ na ebupụtala batrị iri niile na 2013 yana iwu ndị ọzọ enwere ike ma ọ bụrụ arịrịọ ozugbo. [118] A nwalere sistemu ogbunigwe ahụ site na ngalaba Range & Instrumentation nke SUPARCO na mmekọrịta ya na PAF. Ejila ụgbọ elu drones atọ nke ọma wee gbatuo ya site n'usoro ngwa agha ka ọtụtụ oge gasịrị ule.
Crotale - Site n'ịzụta Spada 2000, Pakistan kọrọ na ọ chụpụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime usoro ngwa ọgụ ikuku nke Crotale dị mkpụmkpụ. [119] Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụdị emezigharịrị ka na-anọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike. [120]
HQ-9B-N'October 2003, a kọrọ na China emechiela nkwekọrịta ya na Pakistan iji nye ọnụ ọgụgụ FT-2000 na-akọwapụtaghị ọnụ, ụdị mgbochi radieshon nke usoro nchekwa ikuku ogologo oge HQ-9. [121] Otú ọ dị, na March 2009, e bipụtara akụkọ na-ekwu na Pakistan adịghị atụle ibubata ngwa agha ahụ. [122] A kọrọ na etiti 2008 na Pakistan bu n'obi ịzụta usoro nchebe ikuku-agha dị elu yana FD-2000, ụdị ọzọ nke HQ-9, ka a ga-ahọrọ. [119] [123] N'afọ 2023 PAF webatara ụdị HQ-9B n'ime ọrụ ya na nso nso nke 260 km,
AML HE 60-20- Ụdị agbanweela. nke ụgbọ ala French Panhard nke nwere egbe mgbochi ụgbọ elu 20mm ejiri maka nchekwa na ntọala. [124] Ọ dịkarịa ala ise na-arụ ọrụ na njedebe 1990s.

Teknụzụ drone

Na 7 Septemba 2015, Pakistan ghọrọ mba nke ise n'ụwa niile tolite na iji ụgbọ elu ikuku na-alụ ọgụ (drone), NESCOM Burraq. Pakistan malitere inyocha teknụzụ drones nke mbụ mgbe ọ nwetara Falco drones sitere na Selex Galileo maka ihe dị ka nde $ 40 na 2008. Kemgbe ahụ, Pakistan na-etolite ụdị dị iche iche nke mbụ Falco drone na Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) na mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ Italiantali. Emepụtara Burraq nke dabere na teknụzụ Falco. Ka ọ na-erule Maachị 2015, Pakistan nwere ike nwalee Burraq nke nwere ngwa ọgụ ikuku na-efe efe aha ya bụ Barq nwere nkenke ziri ezi. Ejiri ụgbọ elu Burraq mee ihe iji nye ndị agha Pakistan nkwado n'oge ọrụ Zarb-e-

Pakistan esorola Turkey kwurịtara maka imepụta akụkụ maka Anka UAV yana ikekwe iji mepụta drones ọgụ na mpaghara. Ọzọkwa CAIG Wing Loong II UCAV ga-emepụta na Pakistan na mmekorita ya na China. [128] [129] [130]

Ọkwalite na nnweta

N'ime oge dị mkpirikpi, Pakistan Air Force nwere nnukwu ụlọ na mbọ ọgbara ọhụrụ, agbanyeghị nke a kwụsịrị n'April 2006 mgbe ụlọ ọrụ Pakistan kwadoro atụmatụ PAF iji nweta ụgbọ elu na sistemụ ọhụrụ site n'ọtụtụ ebe, gụnyere ụgbọ elu ọgụ ọgbara ọhụrụ sitere na United States na China. AFFDP 2019 (Usoro mmepe ndị agha 2019) ga-ahụ maka nhazigharị PAF buru ibu site na 2006 ruo 2019.

Na 24 July 2008, ọchịchị Bush gwara US Congress na ọ zubere ịgbanwe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $230 nke $300 na enyemaka site na mmemme mgbochi iyi ọha egwu iji kwalite F-16 Pakistan merela agadi, [133] Ọchịchị ahụ ekwuola na mbụ na 27 June 2008 na ọ na-atụ aro ire ere ITTre nde $ 7 na ngwá electronic nke Pakistan. Ngwaahịa F-16 dị ugbu a. [134] Pakistan ajụọla maka ịzụrụ ihe ruru 21 AN/ALQ-211(V)9 Advanced Integrated Defensive Electronic Warfare Suite Pods (AIDEWS) yana akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ metụtara ya. [135] Ọrịre a chọrọ ga-ahụ na ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị ugbu a bụ "dakọtara" na ndị agha F-16 Block 50/52 ọhụrụ nke Islamabad zụtara.

Mgbe 9/11 gachara, US na Pakistan malitere ikwurịta ntọhapụ nke F-16 ndị a machibidoro iwu na ikike Pakistan ịzụta ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ. N'ime 28 F-16A / B nke e wuru n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Peace Gate III/IV na mgbochi na 1990, e nyere 14 dị ka EDA (Nkwupụta Nchekwa Ngafe) site na 2005 ruo 2008, [136] abụọ n'ime ha napụtara na 10 July 2007.

N'agbata 2005 na 2008, 14 F-16A/B Block 15 OCU na-ebuga na PAF n'okpuru njikọ post-9/11 ọhụrụ n'etiti US na Pakistan. Ewuburu ihe ndị a maka Pakistan n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Peace Gate III/IV mana ọ dịghị mgbe ewepụtara ya n'ihi mmachi mmachi ngwa agha US na-esote nke etinyere na Pakistan na 1990.

Iji kwalite ụgbọ elu F-16A/B, a zụtara ngwa Falcon STAR 32 maka ụgbọ elu Peace Gate / ụgbọ elu mbụ yana ngwa 35 Mid-Life Update (MLU) ka enyere iwu, yana ngwa MLU 11 ọzọ nhọrọ. F-16A/B anọ na-ebuli elu na US na F-16AM/BM nwere ụbọchị nnyefe a na-atụ anya na December 2011. [136] F-16A/B na ọrụ PAF ga-ebuli elu malite na October 2010 site na Turkish Aerospace Industries, na ọnụego nke otu kwa ọnwa. [139] [140]

Nkwekọrịta Udo / nkwekọrịta maka 12 F-16C na isii F-16D Block 52+ (Advanced Block 52), nke injin F100-PW-229 kwadoro na 30 Septemba 2006.[141][142] F-16 nke mbụ emechara, F-16D, ka ewepụtara na 13 October 2009 wee malite nnwale ụgbọ elu ozugbo. [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] Nke mbu nke F-16C/D Block 52+, F-16D abụọ na otu F-16C rutere na PAF Base Shahbaz, Jacobabad, na 26 June 2010.[148] [149] [150] Enwetara otu F-16C ọzọ site na 5 Julaị 2010.

Na 13 Disemba 2008, Gọọmenti Pakistan kwuru na ụgbọ elu ndị agha Pakistan jidere ụgbọ elu Indian Air Force abụọ n'ime kilomita ole na ole n'ime ikuku Pakistan. Gọọmentị India agọnarị ebubo a.

N'oge mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na Senate France na 28 September 2009, Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani kwuru na PAF ejirila ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nchekwa ya nke laser na-eduzi megide ndị agha na mpaghara Malakand na FATA nakwa na a chọrọ ngwa ngwa ngbanwe maka ụdị ngwá ọrụ dị otú ahụ. [153]

Na Disemba 2009, Pakistan hụrụ nnyefe nke PAF mbụ Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&C sitere na Sweden na ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu II-78MP na-ebu mmanụ ọkụ si Ukraine

A kọrọ na PAF na-atụle ịzụta onye na-azụ ụgbọ elu Hongdu L-15 nke China iji zụọ ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu maka ndị agha ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ka Chengdu J-10. Nnyocha dị ukwuu nke ụgbọ elu ahụ mere na Pakistan na Disemba 2009.

Dị ka Air Chief Marshal (ACM) Rao Qamar Suleman (mgbe ahụ Chief nke Air Staff), ndị ọhụrụ agha ga-ewepụ PAF na-agaghị emeli na-eduzi nkenke abalị iku ọrụ, [159] dị ka ẹdude ike dabeere na gburugburu 34 Dassault Mirage 5 fighter kwalite na ọhụrụ avionics maka abalị nkenke iku missions n'okpuru St. 1999-2004. SABIR (Special Airborne Mission Installation & Response System), usoro FLIR nke nwere ihe mmetụta Brite Star II na Star Safire III EO/IR arụnyere na C-130 hụrụ ọtụtụ ojiji n'oge ọrụ ndị agha Pakistan megide ndị agha na mpaghara FATA.

Na 2021, Pakistan kwetara ịzụta ụgbọ elu Chengdu J-10CP multirole 36 sitere na China iji gbochie Dassault Rafale nke India zụtara na France.

Na 11 Maachị 2022, PAF butere ụgbọ elu J-10C ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ime ụgbọ elu ya, emere emume a na Minhas Airbase Kamra,

Na emume na Jenụwarị 2024, Pakistan kwupụtara ebumnuche ya inweta ụgbọ elu J-35

Nzụta ndị akwadoro

Mmepụta oke nke PAC JF-17 Thunder A Block-3, ụgbọ elu ọgbọ 4.5, na-aga n'ihu iji dochie F-16 dị ka "ọkpụkpụ azụ" nke ngwa agha Pakistan Air Force. Mgbe afọ 3-5 gachara, a na-atụ anya na a ga-emepụta ihe mgbochi ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ. Pakistan na China enweela nnukwu mkparịta ụka iji nweta n'etiti 40 na 60 kwalitere ọgbọ nke ise Shenyang J-35 ụgbọ elu stealth. TAI TF Kaan, ụgbọ elu ọgbọ nke ise ọzọ n'okpuru mmepe nke Turkey (ezubere iji rụọ ọrụ na akụ dị oke egwu dị ka American F-35 Lightning II) abụrụla onyinye dị mma maka Pakistan, n'ihi na ndị agha a nwere ike iwusi ụgbọ mmiri PAF ike nke ukwuu tupu e mepụta onye agha ọgbọ nke ise nke mba n'okpuru Project Azm. A kọkwara na Pakistan na-arụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta ngwa agha siri ike nke UAV n'akụkụ China nke CAIG GJ-2 MALE-UCAV [167]

Ọrụ Azm

Na 7 Julaị 2017, Pakistan Air Force kwupụtara mmepe nke ụgbọ elu ọgụ ọgbọ nke ise, ụgbọ elu ikuku na-adị ogologo ogologo ntachi obi (MALE UAV) na ngwa agha n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke Project Azm (Urdu maka mkpebi / mkpebi siri ike), [168][169] [170][171]

[172] Air Chief Marshal (ACM) Sohail Aman kwuru na usoro nhazi maka MALE UAV nọ na ọkwa ikpeazụ ya.

Omume ndị agha

Ndị agha ikuku Pakistan zigara ndị agha F-16 A/B isii na mmega ahụ mba Anatolian Eagle nke mba Turkey na 2004. Na 2005, mgbe ihe dị ka otu afọ nke atụmatụ, PAF mere High Mark 2005 mmemme agha nke were otu ọnwa ma tinyekwa ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha mmiri Pakistan. Ihe ngosi ahụ hụrụ ndị agha abụọ na-emegide, Blueland na Foxland, na-etinye aka na agha siri ike nke gụnyere ma usoro anụ ahụ na nke nchebe. Ekwuru na mmega ahụ ga-enwe usoro atọ na ụgbọ elu PAF ga-efegharị gburugburu ụdị 8200. Ntinye aka nke nkeji sitere na ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha mmiri bụ iji weta ihe ngosi arụ ọrụ karịa. High Mark 2005 gbasoro mgbatị ndị agha Tempest-1 nke lekwasịrị anya naanị na ike ikuku mana ọ dị iche na ogologo oge, ike na mgbagwoju anya nke ọrụ ikuku niile a na-eduzi.

Na 2008, Turkish Air Force zigara ndị agha F-16C/D ise na ndị ọrụ 50 sitere na 191 Cobras Squadron na Pakistan ka ha sonye na nkwonkwo Indus Viper na PAF Base Mushal.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2005, e zigara otu PAF nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu 20, gụnyere ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu, ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị injinia, ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta na C-130E na United States iji sonye na AMC (Air Mobility Command) Rodeo. [176] PAF sokwa ọzọ na AMC Rodeo afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, na Julaị 2007.

Na 2009, ka ha na-arụ ọrụ ọgụ megide ndị agha na mpaghara FATA na Swat, PAF malitere mmega ahụ Saffron Bandit na ebumnuche nke ịzụ ndị agha PAF niile ka ha rụọ ọrụ mgbochi ndị na-eyi ọha egwu

Na Disemba 2009, PAF zigara ndị agha Chengdu F-7PG isii nke No. 31 Wing dabere na PAF Base Samungli na United Arab Emirates iji sonye na nkuzi ndu ndu nke ikuku (ATLC) - nke a makwaara dị ka Exercise Iron Falcon-at Al Dhafra Air Base,

Emere ihe omume PAF's High Mark 2010 na 15 Maachị 2010, nke mbụ emere mmega ahụ High Mark kemgbe afọ 2005, mgbe ndị PAF natachara Iwu Tasking Air ha (ATO). Mmega ahụ na mba ahụ gụnyere nkeji gbadoro ụkwụ na Pakistan niile, site na Skardu ruo n'Osimiri Arabian, na isi ọrụ isi na ọdụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu. A na-emekwa ọrụ njikọta metụtara ndị agha Pakistan na ndị agha mmiri Pakistan, na-achọ ịnwale ma melite njikọta na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ngalaba atọ nke Pakistan Armed Forces. Ọrụ kwusiri ike na ịme anwansị dị nso nke gburugburu oge agha, ikpughe nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu PAF na echiche nke oge a nke ọgụ ikuku, echiche ọrụ ọhụrụ na ọrụ nkwonkwo n'etiti Pakistan Air Force, Army na Navy. Ntinye ọhụrụ dị ka JF-17 Thunder, Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&C na II-78 MRTT hụkwara ọrụ na mmemme a. [184] Na 6 Eprel 2010, njedebe nke akụkụ mbụ nke mmega ahụ High Mark 2010 ka ejiri ihe ngosi ọkụ nkeji nkeji 90 mee emume n'ebe a na-agba egbe PAF na ọzara Thal. E gosikwara ọha na eze na nke mbụ H-2 SOW, ebe a na-ebupụta ya site na ihe dị ka kilomita 60 tupu ya kụrie ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya, na ndị agha so na-arụ ọrụ mgbanaka na-akwa emo. Ihe ngosi ahụ kwupụtara mmalite nke ọkwa nke abụọ nke High Mark 2010, ebe PAF ga-arụ ọrụ nkwonkwo na ndị agha Pakistan n'oge mmega ahụ nke ya Azm-e-Nau-3 (New Resolve 3). [185] N'oge High Mark 2010, onye Chengdu F-7 na Mirage 5 na-alụ ọgụ na-arụ ọrụ ọdịda, ịgbanye mmanụ na ibupụ site n'okporo ụzọ. A kọrọ na PAF na ndị Ministry of Communications na-enwe mkparịta ụka iji guzobe akụrụngwa ọ bụla achọrọ maka ọrụ PAF n'okporo ụzọ dị iche iche na Pakistan,

Na July 2010, PAF zigara ndị agha F-16B isii nke No. 9 Griffins Squadron na ndị ọrụ 100 PAF na Nellis Air Force Base na US ka ha sonye na mmega ahụ Red Flag mba ụwa maka oge mbụ. N'oge mmega ahụ, ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu PAF jiri ụgbọ elu F-16 na-eji Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker N'October 2010, PAF's No. 7 Bandits Squadron zigara otu ndị agha Dassault Mirage III ROSE na Jordan ka ha sonye na mgbatị Falcon Air Meet 2010 na Azraq Royal Jordanian Air Base. [193] [194] Jenụwarị 2011 hụrụ ndị agha PAF nke F-16A/B na ndị agha Dassault Mirage na-ekere òkè na mmemme Al-Saqoor Il na Saudi Arabia na Royal Saudi Air Force,

Na Maachị 2011, a na-eme mmemme nkwonkwo Sino-Pakistani, nke aha ya bụ Shaheen-1, gụnyere ndị agha ụgbọ elu China na ndị ọrụ PLAAF, [198] Ozi nke ụgbọ elu nke akụkụ ọ bụla ji mee ihe na mgbatị ahụ nọgidere na-ekewa, ma foto nke ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu Pakistan na-enyocha ihe yiri ka ọ bụ Chinese Shenyang J-11B ndị agha ịntanetị. Mmega ahụ were ihe dị ka izu anọ ma bụrụ nke mbụ PLAAF bugara na Pakistan wee were PAF mee njem ikuku “arụ ọrụ”

Mmetụta na ọha mmadụ nke Pakistan

Ndị agha ikuku Pakistan, yana ngalaba ndị ọzọ nke ndị agha ekerela òkè dị mkpa na ọha obodo Pakistan kemgbe mmalite ya. [200] Na 1996, General Jehangir Karamat kọwara mmekọrịta ndị agha Pakistan na ndị Pakistan: N'uche nke m, ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-emeghachi ihe omume ndị gara aga mgbe ahụ anyị ga-aghọta na ndị isi agha nwere ike imegide naanị ruo otu isi. E wezụga na ọnọdụ ha onwe ha na-amalite na-emebi emebi n'ihi na ndị agha bụ mgbe niile bụ a mirror oyiyi nke obodo obodo nke ọ na-adọta. General Jehangir Karamat na

Mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndị agha, [205]

N'oge ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dị ka oke idei mmiri nke 1992 ma ọ bụ ala ọma jijiji nke October 2005, ndị injinia PAF, ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị ọrụ mgbagha tinyere ndị agha ndị ọzọ keere òkè dị ukwuu n'iweta enyemaka na ihe enyemaka nye ndị ihe metụtara.

Na mgbakwunye na itinye aka na PAF na ọrụ enyemaka n'ụlọ, o nyekwara aka nzaghachi ndị agha Pakistan maka ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ n'ụwa nile. [201] PAF tinyere aka na izipu enyemaka na Indonesia, Bangladesh na Sri Lanka mgbe ala ọma jijiji na mbufịt nke oke osimiri India 2004 meriri ha. N'ịhazi nzaghachi mmekọrịta, ndị agha Pakistan zigara ụgbọ mmiri na helikopta na enyemaka na ndị ọrụ iji nyere aka na ọrụ enyemaka mba ụwa,

Na omenala ewu ewu

Na akwụkwọ akụkọ Pakistan, shaheen falcon nwere njikọ pụrụ iche na uri nke onye na-ede uri mba ahụ, Allama Muhammad Iqbal. [202] Nnụnụ ahụ pụtakwara na baajị nnochite anya ndị Pakistan Air Force.

Edela usoro ihe nkiri dị iche iche nke asụsụ Urdu na PAF, mepụta, duzie ya na televishọn na mba niile. Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Urdu ama ama na ihe nkiri metụtara PAF bụ Shahpar na Sherdil, nke emere na televishọn na PTV na ARY Digital, n'otu n'otu.

Ndị ọrụ ama ama

Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam - enyere onyinye maka igbutu ndị agha itoolu[205] (nke ise gbadara n'ime otu nkeji [206] [207] [208] [209] [210]) nke ndị agha ikuku India na ọgụ ikuku na ikuku. [211] (Sitara-e-Jurat)
Air Commodore Najeeb Ahmed Khan -B-57 onye na-anya ụgbọ mmiri Canberra bụ onye wakporo Adampur Airbase ọtụtụ oge n'oge agha 1965. [212] (Sitara-e-Jurat)
Onye ndu Squadron Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui- nyere onyinye maka ịjụ ịhapụ otu ndị agha ya n'oge agha n'agbanyeghị na agbachiri egbe ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na-agba mbọ inyere ndị agha ya aka n'agha ahụ site n'ịchụ ndị agha iro ruo mgbe e mechara gbagbuo ya. [213] (Hilal-e-Jurat, Sitara-e-Jurat)
Air Marshall Nur Khan nyere onyinye maka n'onwe ya duru ọtụtụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ nke kwalitere mmụọ ma mee ka ndị agha ikuku nwee ike ịchịkwa onye iro buru ibu na nke ka mma. [214] (Hilal-e-Jurat)

Hụkwa

Ndị Agha Ụgbọelu
Ndepụta nke ọdụ ụgbọelu Pakistan
Ndepụta nke ndị agha ụgbọelu Pakistan
Ndepụta nke ụgbọelu Pakistan Air Force lara ezumike nká
Ngalaba Ọrụ Pụrụ Iche - (SSW)
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Ndị Agha Na-efe N'elu Pakistan
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

Ihe edeturu

1.1 Pāk bụ okwu a na-ejikarị na South Asia (yana na mpụga ya) maka obodo Pakistan ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla metụtara ya. N'ihe banyere ịkpọ okwu maka Pakistan Air Force na Urdu, a ga-eji ụdị zuru ezu-Pakistan-a ga-eji ya, yana mkpope dị iche iche na Urdu پاکستان بوانی فوج

Ntụaka

1.1 A kowaputara edensibia nke a na templeeti ma o bu ngọngo ozo emeputara, ma ugbu a enwere ike jhu nkirimaatu ya n'ebe osi. 2.1 "2023 ike ndị agha Pakistan

3.1 PAF

4.1 Nkeji edemede 243°.

5. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pakistan Air Force 1947-1982, Pakistan Air Force Book Club, 1982 [peeji dị mkpa

6. Pakistan, Horizon (June 1959).

7.1 “Na-echeta àjà nke ndị nwụrụ n’ihi okwukwe anyị

8. 1 Fricker, John (1969), "Pakistan's Air Power, Flight International, p. 89, echekwara na mbụ na 14 Jenụwarị 2012, eweghachiri 21 Septemba 2009

9.1 Fricker, John (1969), "Pakistan's Air Power, Flight International, p. 90, echekwara na mbụ na 12 Jenụwarị 2012, eweghachiri 21 Septemba 2009

10. 1 "agha 1965. Anyị nwetara ikike ikuku n'ime ụbọchị atọ, ka Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh na-ekwu".

11. 1 11.0 11.1 "Ike ikuku nke Pakistan", Flight International, mbipụta e bipụtara 5 Mee 1984 (peeji 1208).

12.1 12.0 12.1 Faruqui, Ahmad (14 Septemba 2009).

13. Werrell, Kenneth (2013).

14.1 Fricker, Jọn.

15.1 Chris Smith, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (1994).

16. 1 Edward V. Coggins; Ed Coggins (2000).

17.1 Mike Spick (2002).

18.1 18.0 18.1 18.2 Harry, B. (2 Septemba

19.1 "Agha ikuku nke India-Pakistan nke 1965

20. ↑ Thomas M. Leonard (2006).

21. 1 Coggins 2000, p. 163-164.

22. Sisson, Richard, Rose, Leo E. (1991).

23. Jagan Pillarisetti.

24. "Newsweek: akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa: mbipụta US".

25.1 Kainikara, Sanu (2007).

26.1 M. Leonard, Thomas (2006).

27.1 Khan, Iftikhar A. (28 Mee 2010).

28. Shamim, M. Anwar (2010).

29. 29.0 29.1 "Akụkọ nke PAF.

30 30.0 30.1 F16 Ndị agha ikuku - Pakistan'

31.1 "Ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri squadron PAF F-16 n'oge agha Soviet / Afghanistan 1979-1988

32.1 [1] echekwara 15 Jenụwarị 2012 na igwe Wayback.

33. 1 F-16 Air Forces - Pakistan echekwabara 23 Julaị 2009 na Wayback Machine.

34.1 "Obi abụọ na-abawanye banyere F-16 ịlụ ọgụ ike Falcon mgbe ihe ọjọọ PAF gasịrị".

35. ↑ "Pakistan na-enyocha ndị agha", Air International, p. 950, 4 Eprel 1981, echekwara site na izizi na 12 Jenụwarị 2012, eweghachiri 6 Mee 2020

36. Lippman, Thomas W. (1 Jenụwarị 1999).

37. 1 Ka China si eme ka PAF na-efe efe

38. 1 "mkpọchi | Ebe nchekwa ụgbọ elu",

39.1 1994 Ebe nchekwa ụgbọ elu"

40.1 "McDonnell Douglas Ebe nchekwa ụgbọ elu".

41.1 "1994 Ebe nchekwa ụgbọ elu".

42.1 "Ngalaba".

43. 1 "Onokwu nke 'November 14-25, 2001: US na-enye ikike na nzuzo Airlift nke Pakistani na ndị agha Taliban".

44.1 44.0 44.1 "Mukherjee gọnarịrị ịkpọ oku na Zardari.

45.1 45.0 45.1 Nelson, Dean (23 Maachị 2011).

46. 1 Nelson, Dean (23 Maachị 2011).

47.1 Patrick Cockburn na Lahore (December 7, 2008).

48. "Oku ekwentị Hoax 'Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka Pakistan gaa agha".

49. "PAF chọpụtara ụgbọ elu US n'akụkụ oke Jalalabad tupu ọrụ OBL

50. ↑ "Abbottabad Commission na-eleta PAF HQ"

51. 1 "Ọdịda ndị agha kpughere site na mwakpo Bin Laden".

52. 1 52.0 52.1 Sehgal, Ikram (8 Eprel 2010).

53. US na-atụ anya inye Pakistan drones n'ime otu afọ echekwara 23 November 2010 na Wayback Machine.

54.1 54.0 54.1 Schmitt, Eric (29 Julaị 2009).

55. ↑ Guerin, Orla (14 Eprel 2010).

56.1 [1] aldead njikọ

57.1 "General Kayani na-arịọ mgbaghara maka ọnwụ nkịtị".

58. "Ndị nkịtị anwụ" na Pakistan wakporo.

59.1 Slater, Joanna (February 26, 2019).

60. 1 Islamabad, Michael Safi Mehreen Zahra-Malik na; Srinagar, Azhar Farooq na (27 Febrụwarị 2019).

61. Abi-Habib, Maria; Ramzy, Austin (25 Febụwarị 2019).

62. 62.0 62.1 Pakistan gbapụrụ ụgbọ elu ndị agha India abụọ: Military".

63.1

64. 64.0 64.1 Roche, Elizabeth (26 Jenụarị 2020).

65. Waya: Akụkọ Waya India, Akụkọ kacha ọhụrụ, Akụkọ si India, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Mpụga, Sayensị, Economics, Gender na Culture

66. 1 "Nyocha mbọ 5 ndị ọrụ IAF maka ọkụ enyi nke dara chopper gburu 6".

67.1 Pubby, Manu (Septemba 15, 2020).

68. 1 " Waya: Akụkọ Waya India, Akụkọ kacha ọhụrụ, Akụkọ si India, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Mpụga, Sayensị, Economics, Gender na Culture.

69. ↑ "Amaara nye ndị ọrụ Center & IAF maka ịkpọsa ịchụpụ Captain Captain n'agbanyeghị ikpe na-echere n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu".

70.1 Pubby, Manu (February 28, 2019).

71.1 "Pakistan kwuru na ọ nweghị ụgbọ elu F-16 ejiri, wepụrụ akụkọ banyere ụgbọ elu agha ha dara.

72. "Ịgbapụ nke Mi-17 bụ nnukwu ndudue, onye isi IAF kwetara.

73.1 "Enwere ike ịchụpụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ elu India n'ime ọkụ enyi na enyi Mi-17.

74. ↑ "Pak kwetara iji F-16 ụbọchị mgbe Balakot airstrike".

102.1 “Aerospace Turkey ga-amalite nkwalite F-16 Pakistan na 2010.

103.1 Pakistan na-enweta F-16 ise mbụ site na Jọdan.

104. ↑

"PAF na-enweta F-16 site na Jọdan".

105. ↑ "US na-ebuga ụgbọ elu F-16 atọ na Pakistan

106.

106.0 106.1 "Atụmatụ Ukwu"

107. 107.0 107.1 Warnes, Alan (December 2013).

108.1

Ndị agha ikuku ụwa 2020".

109. 1 "Pakistan na-enwetakwu Erieyes | Air Forces Monthly".

110.

↑ Pakistan ga-enweta ụgbọ elu China AEW&C nke afọ a echekwara 10 Mee 2010 na igwe Wayback.

111. 1 Foto foto nke C-130 Hercules na-eje ozi na PAF

+ Tinye ntugharį asusu

112.1 "Rockwell Collins nyere $30.7 Nde Pakistan C-130 Nkwekọrịta nkwalite.

113. ↑ "Pakistan na-anata ụgbọ elu IL-78 na-ebu mmanụ

114. ↑ Haider, Mateen (28 October 2015).

115.

↑ "PAF No. 88 Squadron Equipped With AgustaWestland AW139 Helicopters -History of PIA - Forum.

116,

116.0 116.1 "AW139: Pakistan Air Force's New Mainstay SAR helikopta".

117. MBDA kwuputara ire sistemu nchekwa ikuku na Pakistanto[njikọ nwụrụ anwụ]

118. Pakistan iji nwalee-Ọkụ Italy Air Defence Missiles.

119.1 119.0 119.1 Pakistan Ezubere Ikuku

ọgụ [njikọ nwụrụ anwụ]

120. 1 120.0 120.1 Otu, Quwa (17 Maachị

2024).

121.

Edebere FT-2000 19 Septemba 2008 na igwe Wayback.

122.

Nyocha: China na-ebupụ ngwa ọgụ SAM ọhụrụ echekwara 22 Maachị 2009 na igwe Wayback.

123

. ↑ "Pakistan nwere ike ịchọ onye na-ahụ maka ndị China", Akụkọ nchekwa www.defensenews.com

124.

↑ "Pakistan: Ndị agha na-eche nche nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu, ụlọ mkpọrọ na nrụnye nchekwa.

125.1 Akwụkwọ akụkọ nchekwa Africa. Nkeji edemede " Ụgbọ ala Panhard Armored na Reconnaissance Vehicles na Africa ".

126. Bonsignore, Ezio, ed.

Fazl-e-Haider, Syed (Ọktoba 5, 2015).

127.1 Fazl-e-Haider, Syed (Ọktoba 5, 2015).

128. IDEF 2021: Pakistan NESCOM rụpụta akụkụ maka Anka UAV

129.1 Nene, Vidi (Ọktoba 11, 2018).

130.1 "China, Pakistan ijikọ ọnụ mepụta Wing Loong II UAV, ka akụkọ kwuru | Jane's 360安

131. "Chinese Wing Loong II drones rere na Pakistan/October 2018 Global Defence Security ụlọ ọrụ ozi agha | Nchekwa nchekwa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ agha 2018 | Archive News afọ.

132.1 "Pakistan ịzụta ụgbọ elu 98 hi-tech si US na China"

133.1 Schmitt, Eric (24 Julaị 2008).

134.1 "Anya US na-erere Pakistan agha elektrọnik

135. ↑ "Pakistan - AN/ALQ-211(V)9 AIDEWS Pods

136. 1 136.0 136.1 "Nkwupụta Edere nke"

(PDF).

137.1 "Nchekwa | Isi mmalite nke akụkọ gị na Webụsaịtị zuru ụwa ọnụ'.

138. 1 Asia Times Online: Akụkọ South Asia Pakistan na-aga maka mkpochapụ echekwara 8 Eprel 2009 na Wayback Machine.

139.1 "Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc.

140. Govindasamy, Siva.

141.1 "Akụkọ Mba Nile: Akụkọ kacha ọhụrụ na-agbasa, Akụkọ Pakistan

142. LOCKHEED Martin na-anata nkwekọrịta mbụ $78 nde iji wepụta 18 NEW F-16.

143.1 "Ekpughere F-16 ọhụrụ maka Pakistan na emume ndị isi ndị agha ụgbọ elu gara

144.1 Associated Press nke Pakistan (Premier News Agency nke Pakistan) - Mmeghe nke ụgbọ elu mbụ BLK-52 F-16D

145.1 "Peace Drive 1 - F-16 mbụ ekpughere".

146.1 "Foto: Lockheed Martin ekpughere F-16 Block 52 nke Pakistan nyere iwu

147.1 "Rah-e-Nijat na PAF ọhụrụ F-169.

148.1 "US na-ebuga ụgbọ elu F-16 atọ na Pakistan

149.1 "PAF na-enweta F-16 atọ

127.1 Fazl-e-Haider, Syed (Ọktoba 5, 2015).

128. IDEF 2021: Pakistan NESCOM rụpụta akụkụ maka Anka UAV

129.1 Nene, Vidi (Ọktoba 11, 2018).

130.1 "China, Pakistan ijikọ ọnụ mepụta Wing Loong II UAV, ka akụkọ kwuru | Jane's 360安

131. "Chinese Wing Loong II drones rere na Pakistan/October 2018 Global Defence Security ụlọ ọrụ ozi agha | Nchekwa nchekwa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ agha 2018 | Archive News afọ.

132.1 "Pakistan ịzụta ụgbọ elu 98 hi-tech si US na China"

133.1 Schmitt, Eric (24 Julaị 2008).

134.1 "Anya US na-erere Pakistan agha elektrọnik

135. ↑ "Pakistan - AN/ALQ-211(V)9 AIDEWS Pods

136. 1 136.0 136.1 "Nkwupụta Edere nke"

(PDF).

137.1 "Nchekwa | Isi mmalite nke akụkọ gị na Webụsaịtị zuru ụwa ọnụ'.

138. 1 Asia Times Online: Akụkọ South Asia Pakistan na-aga maka mkpochapụ echekwara 8 Eprel 2009 na Wayback Machine.

139.1 "Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc.

140. Govindasamy, Siva.

141.1 "Akụkọ Mba Nile: Akụkọ kacha ọhụrụ na-agbasa, Akụkọ Pakistan

142. LOCKHEED Martin na-anata nkwekọrịta mbụ $78 nde iji wepụta 18 NEW F-16.

143.1 "Ekpughere F-16 ọhụrụ maka Pakistan na emume ndị isi ndị agha ụgbọ elu gara

144.1 Associated Press nke Pakistan (Premier News Agency nke Pakistan) - Mmeghe nke ụgbọ elu mbụ BLK-52 F-16D

145.1 "Peace Drive 1 - F-16 mbụ ekpughere".

146.1 "Foto: Lockheed Martin ekpughere F-16 Block 52 nke Pakistan nyere iwu

147.1 "Rah-e-Nijat na PAF ọhụrụ F-169.

148.1 "US na-ebuga ụgbọ elu F-16 atọ na Pakistan

149.1 "PAF na-enweta F-16 atọ

Njikọ mpụga