Ndị Nyongo
Nyongo Society bụ aha otu ndị a sị na ha bụ ndị amoosu kwenyere na ha dị na Cameroon. Edwin Ardener, onye Britain bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, bụ onye Britain na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, dere nke mbụ banyere ya na 1950, mgbe ọ na-akọwa ihe ọ kpọrọ ụjọ Nyongo na mpaghara Southwest ugbu a na Cameroon.[1] Taa enwere ike ịchọta nkwenye na ọha mmadụ a site n'ụsọ oké osimiri Cameroon ruo ndị Bakossi na Beti n'ime ime obodo ahụ. A na-ahụ ya n'etiti akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ yana ndị Bamileke na ndị Bamenda.[1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ agbụrụ na otu dị na Cameroon ejirila okwu ahụ mee ihe. Okwu nyongo na akụkọ akụkọ mbụ nwere ike ịpụta na ndị Douala, bụ ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Nyongo sitere n'okwu nyunga, nke ha ji akọwa onye weghaara python anwansi, nke gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka eke na egwurugwu.[2]
N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị Bakweris kwenyere na ndị mmadụ zutere na Ugwu Kupe iji mee omume ha. N'ebe a, akụkọ ahụ kewara n'ụdị abụọ dị iche iche.[3]
N'otu nsụgharị, a na-achụ mmadụ n'àjà iji "kwụ ụgwọ" nye N'yongo Society, ma ọ bụ were ya rụọ ọrụ maka N'yongos na steeti zombie.[2] Ọ bụ nsụgharị a ka nọgidere na-aga n'ihu ebe ọ bụ na Wimbum kwadoro akụkọ ifo ahụ, na mgbakwunye nke asịrị cannibalistic.[4]
Agbanyeghị, na ụdị Bakweris nke mbụ, a na-eme ozu ka ọ dị ka à ga-asị na ha nwụrụ anwụ. A na-eche na a ga-edobe oke nwụrụ anwụ n'okpuru onye ahụ ka ọ jupụta n'anụ ahụ nke na-esi ísì ọnwụ, na-eme ka olili ngwa ngwa. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ndị amoosu, ma ọ bụ ndị na-akpakọrịta na N'yongo Society, ga-ewepụ onye ahụ n'ili na-adịghị ahụ anya. Onye a tara ahụhụ ga-enyekwara onye mere ihe ahụ aka ịkpakọba akụ̀ na ụba.[1] Òtù ahụ nwekwara obodo nke ha n'Ugwu Kupe, bụ́ ndị na-agbapụ kpam kpam n'ọrụ onye ahụ tara ahụhụ, ma nweekwa ihe okomoko dị ka ụgbọ ala..[3]
Ka akụkọ ifo ahụ na-agbasa, ndị mmadụ malitere ikwu na ị nwere ike ịmata onye otu site n'elu ụlọ ha. Nke a dugara na ụkọ ụlọ ọhụrụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị onye chọrọ ka ejikọta ya na N'yongo site na njikọ ha na ụlọ nke oge a.[3] Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule oge azụmahịa gafee Atlantic jupụtara n'obodo nta ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ na akụ na ụba, ọgba aghara ọha na eze malitere ịmalite site na ebubo N'yongo. Ndị obodo ahụ kwụrụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu maka onye na-achụ nta amoosu Obasi Njom ka ọ bịa n'obodo ha ma mee ju-ju iji wepụ ha ndị amoosu na N'yongo Society.[5]
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970, ndị Wimbum evangelicals nke Western Cameroon na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe, bụ ndị nyere ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa maka ndị metụtara Nyongo Society. Kama ịbụ naanị n'ógbè, ma ọ bụ ugwu, a na-eche ugbu a na Society ga-agbasawanye mmetụta ha na mba.[4][2] A na-enyo enyo ugbu a na ndị bara ọgaranya ngwa ngwa nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na otu ahụ. Ihe ndị a na-enyo enyo na-arị elu ma ọ bụrụ na onye nọ n'ezinụlọ ha anwụọ n'oge na-adịghị anya. Otú ọ dị ọbụna n'oge ahụ, e nwere ndị na-ekwusi ike na isiokwu ahụ emeela nkwekọrịta na Society, na ọnwụ ga-esochi. Mgbe ndị a na-enyo enyo bụ ndị nwetara akụ na ụba n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nwụrụ n'onwe ha, a na-ekwu na ha akwụghị Society ụgwọ mgbe a jụrụ ha.[2]
Mgbanwe ọzọ nke akụkọ ifo ahụ na-ekwu na iji họrọ onyinye nye ọha mmadụ, ihe niile onye ahụ chọrọ ime bụ ịmepụta njikọ n'etiti onwe ya na onye ọzọ. N'ihi nke a, ọkachasị na ngwụcha afọ 70, e nwere akụkọ banyere ụmụaka a gwara ka ha zere iburu mkpụrụ ego, ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-eme nyongo nwere ike ịtọgbọ ha iji jide onye ọhụrụ.[2]
N'afọ 1992, mgbe ihe mberede okporo ụzọ gburu ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ, a chụpụrụ onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ógbè ahụ ka ndị obodo ahụ siri ọnwụ na o nyela ụmụaka ahụ onye isi nke Nyongo Society.[2] Akụkọ ifo ahụ emetụtawokwa ndị na-anwa ịmalite azụmaahịa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị obodo ahụ chere na ọ bụ Society nyere ego mbụ e tinyere na azụmahịa ahụ, ọ dịghị onye ga-azụta ngwaahịa ụlọ ahịa ahụ.[4]
Mgbe onye e kwenyere na ọ bụ onye otu N'yongo Society nwụrụ, enwere ike igbupụ ya isi, ma ọ bụ lie ya ihu n'ala, iji gbochie ha ibili dị ka ekongi.[3]
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Geschiere (1997). The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa. University of Virginia Press, 151. ISBN 0813917034.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Bongmba (16 May 2001). African Witchcraft and Otherness: A Philosophical and Theological Critique of Intersubjective Relations. Suny Press. ISBN 9780791449899. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "African" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Ardener (1996). Kingdom on Mount Cameroon: Studies in the History of the Cameroon Coast, 1500-1970, Berghahn Series. Berghahn Books, 249–252. ISBN 1571819290. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Kingdom" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Geschiere (December 1998). "Witchcraft as an Issue in the "Politics of Belonging": Democratization and Urban Migrants' Involvement with the Home Village". African Studies Review 41 (3): 61–91. DOI:10.2307/525354. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "journal" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ van Alphen (2003). Africa and Its Significant Others: Forty Years of Intercultural Entanglement, Thamyris intersecting. Rodopi, 90–95. ISBN 9042010290.