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Ngagharị Maka Ndụ Ndị ise Ojii

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Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) bụ njikọ nke ihe karịrị ìgwè iri ise na-anọchite anya ọdịmma nke Obodo ndị isi ojii gafee United States.[1] Ndị otu a gụnyere Black Lives Matter Network, National Conference of Black Lawyers, na Ella Baker Center for Human Rights.[2] Ndị kwadoro ha gwuyèrè, otu dị ka Color of Change, Race Forward, Brooklyn Movement Center, PolicyLink, Million Women March Cleveland, na ONE DC, na njikọ ahụ na-enweta nkwukọrịta na nkwado dị iche iche site na otu nzukọ a na-akpọ Blackbird. [3][4]

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị otu ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland ebe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe dị n'agbata otu puku na narị ise, nakwa puku abụọ gbakọtara iji sonye na mkparịta ụka na ngagharị iwe. Nzukọ ahụ bu ụzọ gbalịa "ịmepụta ụzọ maka Movement for Black Lives iji mee ka ndị mmanye iwu nwee ajụjụ maka omume ha na mba". [5] [6][7] Otú ọ dị, nzukọ ahụ dugara n'ịmepụta otutu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na ngwụcha nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ, na Julaị ịrị abụọ na ịsịị, Movement for Black Lives malitere otu afọ "usoro nke ịkpọkọta ndị otu mpaghara na nke mba iji mepụta United Front".[5] Usoro ogologo afọ a mechara mee ka e guzobe usoro nhazi nke na-akọwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ihe achọrọ, na ụkpụrụ nke Movement for Black Lives na-akwado iji nweta "nnwere onwe" nke obodo ndị isi ojii gafee Amerịka.[5]

Mgbe ogbugbu George Floyd gasịrị, M4BL wepụtara Iwu BREATHE, nke kpọrọ maka mgbanwe iwu zuru oke gbasara ndị uwe ojii. Iwu ahụ gụnyere oku maka iwepụ ego site na ndị uwe ojii na itinye ego ozugbo n'ime ihe onwunwe obodo na ụdị nzaghachi mberede ọzọ.[8][9] N'afọ 2020, Movement for Black Lives wepụtara iwu chọrọ iji meghachi omume na ọrịa COVID-19. [10]

Nhazi

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Deva Woodly, Prọfesọ nke ndọrọ na ọchịchị nke The New School, kọwara Movement for Black Lives n'oge Ngagharị iwe George Floyd dị ka "òtù nche anwụ nke nwere njikọ nke òtù ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe gafee mba ahụ" nke nyere ndị mmadụ ohere "ijikọ ntụpọ n'etiti mgbaàmà nke nsogbu dị ugbu a na ihe kpatara ya". [11]

Ịkpọ okwu na nkwupụta

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Templeeti:Progressivism Ikpo okwu nke òtù ahụ, nke e bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, nke akpọrọ A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom and Justice, nwere ihe isii achọrọ: [12][13]

  1. Kwụsị agha megide ndị isi ojii
  2. Nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka mmerụ ahụ gara aga na nke na-aga n'ihu.
  3. Ịchụpụ ego site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme mpụ, na-ekpuchi ma na-emerụ ndị isi ojii ahụ; na itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike na nchekwa nke ndị isi ojii.
  4. Ikpe ziri ezi maka mmadụ niile na iwughachi akụ na ụba iji hụ na obodo anyị nwere ihe onwunwe, ọ bụghị naanị ohere.
  5. Nchịkwa obodo nke iwu, ụlọ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị na-emetụta anyị.
  6. Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị ojii nwere onwe ha na mkpebi onwe onye ndị isi ojii n'akụkụ niile nke ọha mmadụ.

M4BL kwenyere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, nke nkwụghachi a kwụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo Afrịka-Amerika na afọ 2012 bu ụzọ.[14]

N'afọ 2023-2024, ọ wepụtara nkwupụta "anyị na-achọ nkwụsị ọkụ ozugbo ma kwụsị ọrụ US kwadoro na Palestine," na-etinye aka "iguzogide mgbukpọ nke Gaza" [15]

Nkwado ego na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ

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N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe òtù ahụ bipụtara ikpo okwu ya na afo 2016, òtù ịrị ịse edebanyela aha nkwado ha. Otu nnukwu mgbalị bụ nguzobe nke otu ọrụ ebere Borealis Philanthropy nke Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF). Ezubere iji kwado ọrụ nke M4BL, BLMF bụ ma ego ndị na-enye onyinye jikọtara ọnụ na-ezube iweta $ 100 nde na mmegharị ahụ, yana atụmatụ e mere iji nyere mmegharị ahụ aka iwulite ikike nhazi.[16]

Ihe omume ndị dị mkpa

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Ngagharị iwe nke Mahadum Steeti Cleveland

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N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, ndị mmadụ si n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ gbakọtara na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland iji meghachi omume na ihe omume obi ọjọọ nke ndị uwe ojii megide ndị Afrịka America. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọnwụ nke ndị mmadụ dịka Michael Brown, Eric Garner, na Tamir Rice mere ka mkpa maka nzukọ ahụ n'etiti ndị Afrịka America. N'oge nnọkọ ụbọchị atọ (Julaị 24-26), ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe sonyere na mkparịta ụka, na-ele ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, ma na-etinye aka na ọmụmụ ihe e mere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ na-achọ ịchọta ngwọta maka nsogbu ndị obodo ndị isi ojii na-eche ihu. A na-ewere mgbakọ Mahadum Steeti Cleveland dị ka nnukwu nnọkọ mbụ nke Movement for Black Lives, ebe ihe karịrị mmadụ otu puku na nari ise gara nzukọ ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe site na mgbakọ ahụ malitere ọrụ iji guzobe nzukọ Movement for Black Lives, yana ịmepụta usoro iwu nke nwere ike iduzi ndị na-arụ ọrụ site na mba ahụ niile n'ọgụ ha iji kwụsị obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na ịkpa ókè megide ndị isi ojii na United States. [6] [7][17]

Nzukọ ahụ nwetakwara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba mgbe, n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke mgbakọ ahụ, onye ọrụ Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) chụpụrụ ìgwè ndị isi African-American na-eme ihe na Mahadum Steeti Cleveland. Ìgwè mmadụ ahụ gbakọtara iji meghachi omume na njide nke onye ọrụ RTA nke onye Afrịka-Amerika dị afọ iri na ụma maka ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè. Dị ka ndị ọchịchị si kwuo, onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma enweghị ike "ilekọta onwe ya" n'ihi ọkwa mmanya na-egbu ya, ya mere ndị ọchịchị chere na ọ dị mkpa iburu ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'oge a na-ejide onye ahụ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, otu ìgwè mmadụ gbakọtara gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri ndị uwe ojii iji mee mkpesa maka njide nke onye ahụ nọ na afọ iri na ụnyaahụ; iji kpochapụ ìgwè mmadụ ahụ n'ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha ahụ, "onye uwe ojii na-ahụ maka njem jiri ntụ ntụ" mee ihe maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe. Ihe omume ahụ dọtara nkatọ dị ka ndị nwere mmasị, dị ka ACLU nke Ohio, kwenyere na "iji ose eme ihe site na mmanye iwu dị ka ụzọ iji chịkwaa ìgwè mmadụ bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo" [18] [19] [20]

Ihe ngosi egwuregwu ọkachamara

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Ndị na-eme egwuregwu n'ofe egwuregwu ndị ọkachamara nke America egosila nkwado ha maka mmegharị ahụ site na ngosipụta na ngagharị iwe dị iche iche. N'afọ 2016, onye na-agba bọọlụ bụ Colin Kaepernick họpụtara ikpere n'ala n'oge a na-egwu abụ mba n'egwuregwu bọọlụ NFL. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe egwuregwu gasịrị, Kaepernick kọwara, "Agaghị m eguzo iji gosipụta mpako na ọkọlọtọ maka mba na-emegbu ndị isi ojii na ndị isi ojii. " [21] Kaepernicks na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe nke NFL nwetara nkatọ siri ike maka ngagharị iwe ha tupu egwuregwu n'oge niile nke afọ 2016, gụnyere nkatọ sitere n'aka Onye ọka ikpe kachasị elu Ruth Bader Ginsburg onye kwuru, "M ga-ejide ha maka ime ya? Mba... Echere m na ọ bụ nzuzu na enweghị nkwanye ùgwù na United States. " Ọ bụ mkpesa siri ike. [22] Kaepernique na ndụ ndị isi ojii mere ka mkparịta ụka.[23]

Ndị egwuregwu si n'egwuregwu ndị ọzọ nke America, dị ka National Basketball Association, esonyewokwa na ngagharị iwe iji kwado Movement for Black Lives. N'afọ 2016, ndị na-eme egwuregwu basketball LeBron James, Chris Paul, Dwyane Wade, na Carmelo Anthony gara n'etiti etiti ESPY iji nye "ọkpụkpọ ka ha mee ihe" na nzaghachi maka ịgba égbè nke Philando Castile na Alton Sterling, yana ọnwụ nke ndị uwe ojii ise e gbuo na mbido ọnwa ahụ. Ndị kpakpando NBA anọ ahụ hụrụ ya dị ka ohere iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke Movement for Black Lives dịrị n'otu. Onye bụbu onye na-agba égbè na Miami Heat, Dwyane Wade, kwuru, sị, "Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ga-akwụsị... mana mmegwara ga-akpụkwa. "Ozu ezuola. " Ìgwè ahụ gbakwunyere ndị America ka ha "kwụsị ime ihe ike niile, kama, lekwasị anya na mgbalị ha n'ịrụzigharị obodo ndị kewara ekewa n'ime Amerịka. [24] [25]

Ịgba Ọsọ Maka Ndụ Ndị Ojii

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Templeeti:PbNa afo Julaị 20, 2020, Movement for Black Lives bụ otu n'ime òtù iri isii, gụnyere ọtụtụ òtù ọrụ, nke haziri ịgba ọsọ maka ndụ ndị ojii. Dị ka akụkụ nke Ngagharị iwe George Floyd na-aga n'ihu na nnukwu Black Lives Matter movement, ọgbaghara ahụ gụnyere ngagharị iwe mba niile nke gụnyere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ na akụ na ụba.[26]

Nnakwere

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Òtù ndị dị ka National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, ACLU nke Northern California, na National Council of Jewish Women gosipụtara nkwado maka Movement for Black Lives site n'inye nkwupụta ọha na eze na-esote mbipụta esemokwu nke usoro ahụ. Ọkpụkpọ Movement for Black Lives maka mgbanwe ikpe mpụ na njedebe nke obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii kpaliri ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya. N'otu nkwupụta, National Council of Jewish Women kwuru, "NCJW kwenyesiri ike na ndụ ndị isi ojii dị mkpa, gụnyere ndị Juu na-acha ọbara ọbara, bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndị Juu na ndị NCJW anyị. Anyị ghọtara na ndị isi ojii na ndị Juu nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọgụ anyị maka ikpe ziri ezi. "[27]Templeeti:PbPb

Movement for Black Lives nwetara nkwado ọzọ site na Democracy for America mgbe a tọhapụrụ usoro iwu ya. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị bụ isi nke Movement for Black Lives bụ ịkwalite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke na-anọchite anya obodo ndị isi ojii na America. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche eguzo n'ịdị n'otu na M4BL n'ihi na, dị ka Democracy for America si kwuo, a na-ahụ ya dị ka "ihe dị mma maka mkparịta ụka dị mkpa, nke na-emetụta nsonaazụ nke ndị isi Democratic Party ugbu a na ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu ga-enwe na obodo ha na-eje ozi". Ọzọkwa, ebumnuche nke Movement for Black Lives iji kwalite mgbanwe akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-enye "atụmatụ siri ike" maka ndị omeiwu n'ọdịnihu ka ha na-achọ ịghọtawanye ma dozie nsogbu ndị dị n'ime obodo ndị isi ojii.Templeeti:Black Lives Matterpb

N'afọ 2016, Ford Foundation jikọtara aka na Borealis Philanthropy, otu nzukọ dị n'etiti, iji guzobe "Black-Led Movement Fund" na ebumnuche ekwupụtara "iweta $ 100 nde na ihe ọhụrụ na Movement for Black Lives". [28] [29] Ọ bụ ezie na Ford Foundation kpebiri ịghara ịga n'ihu na itinye ego ha, ha ka na-enye ọtụtụ nde òtù iji kwado ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ.[30] BLMF enweela ike inye obere enyemaka nye ọtụtụ òtù n'ime Movement for Black Lives . [31] Ka ọ na-erule oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2020, Borealis Philanthropy nyere $ 5.4 nde na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-akwado M4BL.[32]

E nwere mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma n'etiti òtù ndị Juu na ikpo okwu Movement for Black Lives '2016, [33] [34] ebe M4BL kwuru na "[US] na-akwado ma na-akwalite agha ụwa megide iyi ọha egwu site na njikọ ya na Israel ma na-akwado na mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ megide ndị Palestine", na "Israel bụ steeti ịkpa ókè agbụrụ", nakwa na "[US [kwadowo] mgbidi ịkpa ókè".[the][35]  Templeeti:Primary source inline[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2020)">non-primary source needed</span>]

Edensibia

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Templeeti:Black Lives MatterNdu ndi ịsị ojii di mkpa

  1. ↑ Newkirk (August 3, 2016). The Permanence of Black Lives Matter. The Atlantic.
  2. ↑ About Us – The Movement for Black Lives. Movement for Black Lives. policy.m4bl.org. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved on August 4, 2016.
  3. ↑ Arnold (2017). "The BLM Effect: Hashtags, History and Race". Race, Poverty & the Environment 21 (2): 8–15. ISSN 1532-2874. 
  4. ↑ Ransby. "Opinion | Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action", The New York Times, October 21, 2017. Retrieved on April 25, 2020. (in en-US)
  5. 1 2 3 "About Us – The Movement for Black Lives", The Movement for Black Lives. Retrieved on March 7, 2017. (in en-US)
  6. 1 2 Morice. "Thousands of 'freedom fighters' in Cleveland for first national Black Lives Matter conference", cleveland.com, July 25, 2015. Retrieved on March 7, 2017. (in en-US)
  7. 1 2 Bernard. "The Movement for Black Lives Convening: An Offering of Love", The Root, August 7, 2015. Retrieved on March 7, 2017. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ "Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes", The New York Times, 2020-07-07. Retrieved on 2020-07-08. (in en-US)
  9. ↑ Byrd (July 14, 2020). The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention (en-us). The Root. Retrieved on 2020-07-18.
  10. ↑ Edwards (March 31, 2020). Movement For Black Lives Releases Policy Demands In Response To COVID-19 (en-US). Essence. Archived from the original on April 4, 2020. Retrieved on April 24, 2020.
  11. ↑ Woodly (June 4, 2020). An American Reckoning (en-US). Public Seminar. Retrieved on 2020-07-02.
  12. ↑ Lee. "Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Agenda", NBC News, August 1, 2016. Retrieved on 2020-07-24. (in en-US)
  13. ↑ Platform – The Movement for Black Lives. policy.m4bl.org. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  14. ↑ National African American Reparations Commission. HR 40 Primer : Seize The Time! 1–12. Movement For Black Lives. Archived from the original on 2025-07-06. Retrieved on 2025-07-12.
  15. ↑ Movement for Black Lives Calls for an Immediate End to the U.S.-Backed Occupation of Palestine.
  16. ↑ McGirt (August 8, 2016). raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter (en). Fortune magazine. Retrieved on 2020-07-31.
  17. ↑ Walker (August 31, 2015). The Movement For Black Lives Convening In Cleveland—A Transformative Experience. Standing on the Side of Love. Retrieved on March 15, 2017.
  18. ↑ "ACLU Questions RTA Police Pepper Spray Incident at Close of Movement for Black Lives Convening", Targeted News Service, July 30, 2015. Retrieved on March 15, 2017.
  19. ↑ Yang. "RTA Officer Pepper Sprays Movement for Black Lives Gathering at CSU", University Wire; Carlsbad, July 30, 2015. Retrieved on March 15, 2017.
  20. ↑ Larimer. "Cleveland Authorities Investigating Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed 'Black Lives' Activists", Washington Post, July 27, 2015. Retrieved on March 15, 2017.
  21. ↑ "Colin Kaepernick explains why he sat during national anthem", NFL, August 27, 2016. Retrieved on March 15, 2017. (in en)
  22. ↑ Bieler. "Colin Kaepernick responds to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's criticism of anthem protests", Washington Post, October 12, 2016. Retrieved on March 16, 2017.
  23. ↑ Sandritter (September 11, 2016). All the athletes who joined Kaepernick's national anthem protest. SBNation. Vox Media. Retrieved on March 16, 2017.
  24. ↑ Bieler. "NBA superstars issue 'call to action' for fellow athletes in appearance at ESPYs", Washington Post, July 13, 2016.
  25. ↑ Huddleston. "LeBron James and Fellow NBA Stars Call for Nonviolence at ESPYs", Fortune, July 14, 2016. Retrieved on March 16, 2017.
  26. ↑ Billings (July 20, 2020). Thousands Of Workers To Participate In 'Strike For Black Lives' Protests. International Business Times. IBT Media. Retrieved on July 23, 2020.
  27. ↑ "NCJW Responds to Movement for Black Lives Platform", Targeted News Service, August 8, 2016. Templeeti:ProQuest.
  28. ↑ McGirt. Who Is Funding Black Lives Matter: Ford Foundation. Fortune. Retrieved on 2017-06-24.
  29. ↑ Why black lives matter to philanthropy. Ford Foundation (July 19, 2016). Retrieved on 2017-06-24.
  30. ↑ Grants All (en). Ford Foundation. Retrieved on 2021-07-18.
  31. ↑ "Grantees", Borealis Philanthropy. Retrieved on 2017-06-24. (in en-US)
  32. ↑ The Black-led Movement Fund Moves $5.4 Million to Grassroots Organizations in Fall 2020 - Borealis Philanthropy (en-US) (2021-02-10). Archived from the original on 2021-07-18. Retrieved on 2021-07-18.
  33. ↑ "Jewish groups condemn Black Lives Matter platform for accusing 'apartheid' Israel of 'genocide'", Haaretz. Retrieved on 2020-06-14. (in en)
  34. ↑ Why the Black Lives Matter Platform's False Accusation of Israeli 'Genocide' Was So Damaging (en). Tablet Magazine (2016-08-05). Retrieved on 2020-06-14.
  35. ↑ Invest–Divest. The Movement for Black Lives. Movement for Black Lives. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020.
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