Nigerian Telecommunications
Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL), bụ onye na-enye ọrụ ekwentị na Naịjirịa ruo 1992 mgbe Gọọmentị Naijiria wepụtara iwu Naijiria Communications Commission na-enye ndị ọhụrụ ohere ịbanye na ngalaba nkwukọrịta. N'oge na mgbe afọ ndị ọ chịkọtara, arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ala, omume yiri nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwere steeti dịka NEPA na ụlọ ọrụ mmiri nke gọọmentị.[1] E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1985 dị ka njikọ nke ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị abụọ, aka telecoms nke ngalaba Post na Telecommunications (P&T) n'okpuru Ministry of Communications na Nigerian External Communications (NET).
Akụkọ BBC mere n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008 kpughere na gọọmentị Naijiria chere na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa emeghị ka arụmọrụ NITEL dịkwuo mma, ya mere ọ kwụsịrị ịnwe onwe ya maka Transcorp. N'afọ 2015, gọọmentị mechara mezue azụmahịa nke hụrụ NITEL na ihe onwunwe Mtel nyefere NATCOM. E nyere nkwekọrịta ahụ nde $ 252.
N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, Nitel họpụtara Nate James dị ka osote onye isi oche nke njikwa akaụntụ. [2]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ngalaba Post na Telecommunications (P&T)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na ruo n'afọ 1985, ngalaba Post na Telecommunications nyere ozi na ọrụ nkwukọrịta n'ime obodo n'etiti obodo Naịjirịa ebe NET nyere ọrụ nkwukọta n'etiti nnukwu obodo Naịjarịa na mba ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ihe mgbochi nke ihe onwunwe, a haziri inye ọrụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche [3] na mgbasawanye dị ukwuu n'etiti afọ 1950 na 1970.
Ọrụ telegram malitere n'afọ 1880 ma bụrụ nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ọha na-achịkwa ruo 1907 mgbe ebufere ọrụ ndị ahụ na P & T.[4] N'afọ 1908, e webatara mgbanwe ekwentị aka na Magnet switchboard nke 100 ahịrị na Lagos na site na 1920 atụmatụ nke ahịrị ekwentị na mba ahụ bụ 920, na 920. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, e webatara ọtụtụ bọọdụ switchboard nwere ikike maka ahịrị 800 na 1941 e webatara njikọ isi na isi na teleprinter. N'afọ ndị 1950, a malitere itinye ego na-eme atụmatụ nke gụnyere ịgbasa Mgbanwe ekwentị na-akpaghị aka na usoro okpokoro, ịmalite ụzọ nnyefe redio Lagos na Port Harcourt na iwebata nnyefe redio V.H.F. ọtụtụ ọwa na obodo na obodo ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1961, ha nwere ihe karịrị 32,000 ekwentị na mgbanwe ekwentị 120. [4] Ntinye ego na nkwukọrịta mere ka ndị debanyere aha karịa 100,000 site na 1973 ruo 400,000 site na 1990.
Nkwurịta okwu mpụga Naijiria
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ịdeba akụkọ ihe mere eme nke NET na ọchịchị colonial na njedebe nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. N'afọ 1886, ụlọ ọrụ African Direct Telegraph nyere ọrụ telegraph n'etiti Lagos na London, ụlọ ọrụ a mechara bụrụ Imperial na International Communications mgbe njikọta na Cable na Wireless. Mgbe nnwere onwe, gọọmentị Naijiria kpebiri ịbanye na mmekorita ya na Cable na Wireless, na-enweta mmasị na ogwe aka Nigeria nke Cable na Wireless, ma nyegharịa ụlọ ọrụ Nigerian External Telecommunications.[1] Ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ nyere ọrụ ekwentị mba ụwa, telex na telegraph, nnyefe data dị elu na nnyefe na nnabata nke telivishọn ozugbo mana ọrụ ndị ahụ bụ naanị na Lagos na isi obodo Nigeria dịka Ibadan, Enugu, Kaduna, na Port-Harcourt. Isi ego nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ n'ịrụpụta mgbasa ozi HF na ịnweta ọdụ.[5]
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ịnye ọrụ telex akpaaka na 1971 na n'afọ 1980, NET webatara ọkpụkpọ oku mba ụwa na ọrụ telex ngwa ngwa n'etiti Nigeria wee họrọ mba ọdịda anyanwụ. NET nyekwara ọrụ telegraph nke onwe ya na ụgwọ ndenye aha kwa afọ nye ụlọ ọrụ yana ihe omume telivishọn a na-ebute ma ọ bụ nata site na satịlaịtị dị ka FESTAC 77 na mmemme egwuregwu.[1] Maka ọtụtụ n'ime ịdị adị ya, ụlọ ọrụ NET ezughị oke ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpa nke azụmahịa na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu, oge ndị ahịrị ndị ahụ na-ejupụta n'ihi na ahịrị dị na ogwe ekwentị enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na okporo ụzọ.
NITEL
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E guzobere Nigerian Telecommunications Limited na 1985 dị ka njikọta nke ngalaba nkwukọrịta nke Post na Telecommunications na NET. E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ iji melite nhazi nke ọrụ nkwukọrịta n'ime mba ahụ, iji mee ka nkwukọrịta dị n'ime ụlọ bụrụ azụmahịa na ebumnuche na iji belata okpukpu abụọ nke nkwekọrịta mmefu ego na itinye ego.[3] NITEL ketara ọtụtụ ihe analogue infrastructure site na ndị bu ya ụzọ ma kwado itinye ego ọhụrụ na digital infrastructure.[3] Ọ webatara Ekwentị mkpanaka na 1992, site na MTS, mmekọrịta ya na Digital Communications Limited, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Atlanta. Otú ọ dị, n'ịrụ ọrụ, ọ ka na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ahịrị ndị ahụ jupụtara, usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu na ọnụego ngwụcha oku maka oku dị anya dị n'okpuru 50%.[6] Mgbe ọrụ ekwentị ọhụrụ pụtara na Lagos n'oge afọ ndị 1990, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dabere na NITEL a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya maka ọrụ njikọ.[1] Na mgbakwunye, ọchịchọ maka ọrụ na obodo ụfọdụ dị elu karịa ikike nke NITEL ebe ọtụtụ akara NITEL anaghị arụ ọrụ n'ihi enweghị mmezi nke akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ enweghị nkwado zuru oke na-akwado akụrụngwa netwọk cable.[7]
N'afọ 2002, MTEL nke nwetara ihe onwunwe nke MTS, nwetara ikikere GSM.
Malite n'afọ 2001, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gafere oge ahịa na-adịghị mma, nke mbụ bụ ire 51% nke òkè nye otu ndị na-etinye ego n'okpuru aha azụmaahịa nke Investors International London Limited, a kagburu ire ya mgbe ndị na- itinye ego emeghị ọnụahịa ikpeazụ. N'ikpeazụ, gọọmentị kwụsịrị itinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma kwado nkwekọrịta njikwa na ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ Pentascope na 2003. A kagbuola nkwekọrịta ahụ na 2005 mgbe o doro anya na Pentascope enweghị ihe zuru oke iji mee NITEL. Ihe ọzọ dara ada na Orascom na 2005 sochiri tupu e ree ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ Transcorp na 2007, mana a kagbuola ire ya na 2009. N'afọ 2014, e rere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na NATCOM, otu ndị na-etinye ego nke Tunde Ayeni duziri.[8]
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 Onwumechili (2008). "Chapter 8. Nigeria:Reviving a Former Monopoly in A rapidly Evolving Market", Telecommunications research trends, Ulrich, Hans F., Lehrmann, Ernst P., New York: Nova Science Publishers, 144–150. ISBN 9781604561586. OCLC 183263320.
- ↑ Nitel Adds Windstream Vet as Account Management VP (en-US). www.channelpartnersonline.com. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved on 2017-12-14.
- 1 2 3 Alabi (March 1986). Telecommunications in Nigeria.
- 1 2 Neusman (August 1973). "Technical Review Supplement. Telecommunications Development in Nigeria". Nigerian Business Digest: 29–35.
- ↑ (June 1982) "NET Today". Nigerian Enterprises 2: 9–12.
- ↑ Jerome (March 2002). "Public enterprise reform in Nigeria: Evidence from the telecommunications industry" (in en). African Economic Research Consortium Paper 129.
- ↑ Keeling. "Nitel, a Poor Advertisement for Nigeria", The Financial Times, April 19, 1990.
- ↑ Edeki. "Turning Around the Fortunes of Nitel", Daily Independent, May 17, 2015.