Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị
| Obere ụdị nke | nhọpụta  |
|---|---|
| Ihu nke | women's rights |
| Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke isiokwu | timeline of women's suffrage |
| Ndị n'eme ya | suffragist |
Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị bụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu na ntuli aka. Ọ bụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị ịme ntuli aka yana gụnyekwara mmegharị ahụ metụtara ime ya.
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụmụ nwanyị adịkarịghị enwe ikike ịme ntuli aka, ọbụlagodi na usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.[1] Na narị afọ nke 19th century hụrụ ọtụtụ mmegharị ahụ na-akwado ịhọpụta ụmụ nwoke zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọkachasị na Europe na North America;[2] Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ọtụtụ mmegharị maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị malitere ime nke ọma, ma ka ọ na-erule etiti na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19, e mezuru ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị na Australasia, emesia Europe, na America. Ka ọ na-eru n'etiti narị afọ nke 20th century, ewepụtala ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị dịka ụkpụrụ nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Mgbasa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbatịrị agbatị site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-akwado ha nwoke keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịgbanwe àgwà ọha, ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ, na imezu iwu ma ọ bụ mmezigharị iwu maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị.[3][4]
Ọtụtụ mba mepere emepe gbatịpụrụ ikike ịtụ vootu nye ụmụ nwanyị na narị afọ nke 20 gụnyere Canada (1917), Germany (1918), Austria, Netherlands (1919), United States (1920) na United Kingdom (1928), France (1944) na Greece (1952).[5]
N'ọtụtụ mba, a na-enye oke nhọpụta maka ụmụ nwanyị tupu ịtụ vootu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ụmụ nwoke; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ndị nwe ihe nwere ikike ịhọpụta tupu ụmụ nwoke niile anata ya. United Nations gbara ume ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị n'afọ ndị sochiri Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) na-akọwapụta ya dị ka ikike bụ isi ebe mba 189 na-esonye na mgbakọ a ugbu a.[6]
Kita, ọtụtụ mba ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe niile, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịme ntuli aka.[6]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Teele, Dawn Langan (2025). "Women's Suffrage: Causes and Consequences" (in en). Annual Review of Political Science 28: 477–497. DOI:10.1146/annurev-polisci-033123-125642. ISSN 1094-2939.
- ↑ (1997) "The Changing Logic of Political Citizenship: Cross-National Acquisition of Women's Suffrage Rights, 1890 to 1990". American Sociological Review 62 (5): 735. DOI:10.2307/2657357. ISSN 0003-1224.
- ↑ Hume, Leslie (2016). The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 1897–1914. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-21326-0.
- ↑ Cherif, Feryal M. (2015), Myths About Women's Rights: How, Where, and Why Rights Advance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 271, ISBN 9780190211172
- ↑ Temkin, Moshik (2024-01-22). Essential Elements for Turning a Cause into a Movement : Lessons from the Suffrage Struggle for Today's Activists (en-AU).
- 1 2 Dustan, Leanne (2008), "Convention on the Political Rights of Women", in Ford, Lynne E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics, New York: Facts On File, p. 131, ISBN 9781438110325