Nokutela Dube
Nokutela Dube (1873 – 25 Jenụarị 1917) bụ nwanyị South Africa mbụ chọtara ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ kpalitere akwụkwọ akụkọ Ilanga lase Natal, Ohlange Institute na Natal Native Congress (nke bu ụzọ South African Native National Congress ) mgbe ọ lụrụ John Langalibalele Dube . [1] [2] Ha abụọ gara United States ebe a kọwara Nokutela dị ka “nwanyị ama ama”. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ kewapụrụ di ya, onye bụbu onyeisi oche nke ihe ga-abụ African National Congress . [2] Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ rụnyere aka bụ ebe Nelson Mandela họọrọ dị ka ebe maka votu mbụ ya na ntuli aka.
N'afọ 2017, Nokutela Dube nwetara nsọpụrụ kacha elu South Africa - Order of the Golden Baobab - afọ 100 ka ọ nwụsịrị.
Ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Nokutela Mdima na 1873 site n'aka ndị Kraịst a tọghatara n'ọdụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ dị na Inanda, nke dịdebere Durban, South Africa. [2] Site na 1881, Ida Wilcox kụziiri ya, onye bụ akụkụ nke otu di na nwunye na-arụ ọrụ ahụ. Nokutela bụ nwa akwụkwọ kpakpando na e bipụtara edemede o dere n'obodo Ida dị na Minnesota dịka akụkụ nke akụkọ ọ na-enye ndị nta akụkọ oge niile. E ji edemede Nokutela gosi ka ozi a si na-akpali ụmụaka ịmụta Bekee. [3]
Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Inanda Seminary School, Mdima rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi, wee lụọ John Dube na 1894 na Inanda. [4] John bụ nwa-nwoke nke James Dube onye bụ onye-ozi na Inanda. [5] Di na nwunye ahụ hapụrụ South Africa n'April 1896 wee gaa Britain, jiri ụgbọ mmiri si Southampton gaa New York na Mee 1896. N'ọnwa Nọvemba, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Tribune na-akọ akụkọ ha. Ọ bụghị naanị di ya bụ onye isi ojii South Africa bịara New York, mana Nokutela dị iche n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị. [6] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Los Angeles Times tinyere Nokutela n'usoro ihe ngosi ha "Women of note" na 13 February 1898. [3] Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ webatara ha dịka Mr na Oriakụ John Lindley Dube, ma kọwapụta ọdịdị ha mara mma, uwe ogologo ụkwụ ya na uwe di ya nwere okpukpu abụọ. (Aha a nakweere bụ otu nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ, Daniel na Lucy Lindley, bụ ndị hibere ozi Inanda.) Mgbanwe n'igosipụta bụ nke a na-eche na a mere iji nyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ America aka bụ ndị nwere ike ịhụ na aha etiti John siri ike ịkpọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ahụ kọrọ na Nokutela ga-amụ otú e si eme ụlọ, ebe di ya ga-azụ ka ya na ndị ụkọchukwu nọ. Ebumnobi ha ekwuru bụ ka ha bụrụ “ndị ozi ala ọzọ dị irè nye ndị ọgọ mmụọ”. [6]
Mgbe Dubes nọ na US, onye nkụzi Booker T. Washington kpaliri ha, ma ọzụzụ ha bụ isi sitere na Union Missionary Training Institute, ebe 30 ruo 45 Ndị Kraịst ozi ala ọzọ si Europe, Asia, Australia, Arabia, na nke a, Africa gụrụ akwụkwọ. Ụlọ ọrụ Brooklyn a nwere ike ịdị n'ihi na ndị pastọ na ndị ọkachamara na-ewepụta oge ha. [6] Mgbe ọ nọ na America, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nwaanyị bipụtara edemede ya "Africa - Akụkọ nke Ndụ M", na 1898. [7]
Ohlange
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbe ha laghachiri na South Africa ma kụzie ihe na Dube ochie ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Inanda, ha guzobere Ohlange High School . Nke a bụ nke mbụ na mba ndị nkuzi ojii hiwere. [2] Ọ bụ di ya ka e nyere ohere iji ugbo nke nwanne nna ya zụtara, ma ọ bụ njikọ Nokutela na Mary Edwards, bụ onye duru ụlọ akwụkwọ ochie ya, nyeere di na nwunye ahụ aka ịmalite ugbo nke ghọrọ ụlọ akwụkwọ seminarị.
Nokutela Dube kụziri egwu, isi nri, nlekọta ụlọ na ịkwa akwa, ma bụrụkwa abụ ma kpọọ ngwa ọdịnala na njem nlegharị anya ego. [2] Ya na di ya, ya na-edekọ Amagama Abantu (Akwụkwọ Abụ Zulu), nke e bipụtara na 1911. A na-ewere akwụkwọ a dị ka ihe dị ịrịba ama n'ichepụta ụdị egwu egwu egwu Zulu ọhụrụ. [8] Ndị Dubes kọwara egwu ụwa ndị a dị ka nke mbụ jikọtara Zulu na omenala ndị Europe maka "Ogbe ojii". Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ a dekọtara ma John na Nokutela dị ka ndị ode akwụkwọ jikọtara ọnụ n'ụdị isiZulu ọtụtụ. Naanị otu ugboro John si n'ụdị adreesị a pụta na mmalite iji gosi na egwu bụ ọrụ Nokutela. Nokutela nwere ikike egwu mana ọ mụtakwara nkuzi ịbụ abụ n'aka ndị nkuzi abụọ mgbe ọ nọ na America. Nokutela kọwara nke a dị ka “abụ ka mma”. [9]
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ agụmagụ ya, ndị Dubes hibere akwụkwọ akụkọ Zulu / Bekee nke mbụ [2] Ilanga laseNatali (Sun nke Natal) na 1903. A na-ekwu na ndị Dubes mere ka egwu " Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika " bụrụ ihe ewu ewu. [2] Ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke egwu mba South Africa ka ndị ukwe Ohlange Institute jiri ya mee ihe. Ndị ukwe kpọrọ ya na ọgbakọ South African Native National Congress na 1912. E ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` agw ` a mmechi nke Òtù Mba Afrịka n’afọ 1925. [10]
A hụrụ na Nokutela na John Dube amụtaghị ụmụ ka ha na-atụgharị uche n'ụzọ dị njọ na Nokutela na John mụrụ nwa na otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ha. Nokutela n'oge ọ bụ nwata edewo maka mkpa na atụmanya ndị ya na-etinye n'ịmụ ụmụ. E hibere kọmitii ga-enyocha di ya, ma ha emeghị ihe ọ bụla, Nokutela wedara ya. [11] Di na nwunye ahụ kewara n’ihe dị ka 1914, Nokutela kwagakwara Transvaal, bụ́ ebe o kwusara ozi ọma n’ime ime obodo tupu ya arịawa ọrịa akụrụ. Ọ laghachiri ka ya na di ya biri na Johannesburg, ma nwụọ na 1917 mgbe ọ dị afọ 44. Pixley ka Isaka Seme na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ihe ga-abụ African National Congress (ANC) gara olili ya. E liri ya n'ili na-enweghị akara nke nwere akara akara na-amalite "CK", nke pụtara "Christian Kaffir". [2]
Ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ekwu na Dube kpaliri Lillian Tshabalala na ndị ọzọ ịchọta otu ọgbakọ a na-akpọ "The Daughters of Africa", [8] na Natal na 1932, nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ otu egwuregwu klọb ụmụ nwanyị Africa-American. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ya na di ya rụkọrọ ọrụ bụ Nelson Mandela họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọ chọrọ ịtụ vootu mbụ ya na ntuli aka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na South Africa. [12] Agbanyeghị, onyinye Nokutela nyere na agụmakwụkwọ South Africa na uto nke ihe ga-abụ African National Congress amachaghị nke ọma. [2] Nnyocha ndị ọzọ mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtala na ọdịda ya na John Dube amụtaghị ọ bụghị nanị na nkesa nke alụmdi na nwunye ha kamakwa ọ pụtakwara na a maara akụkọ ya nanị site n'aka ụmụ di, ụmụ nwanne na ụmụ nwanne. [2] [3]
Na 2012, Prọfesọ Chérif Keita nke Carleton College na Northfield, Minnesota, mere ihe nkiri banyere Nokutela Dube, Ukukhumbula uNokutela - Icheta Nokutela, na mkpọsa iji mee ka a mara ọrụ ya. Ewubere isi okwute n'ili ya [2] [8] mgbe Keita chọtara ya site n'enyemaka nke Ọrụ Parks Johannesburg na 2009.
n'August 2016, a kpọbatara ya na Freedom Park, ụlọ nsọ mba maka ndị dike na ndị dike na Pretoria, South Africa.
Na 2017, na-eso mgbasa ozi Prọfesọ Keita maka nnabata ya, Nokutela Dube nwetara nsọpụrụ kacha elu South Africa - Order of the Golden Baobab - afọ 100 ka ọ nwụsịrị. [13]
Na 2021, onye nchịkọta akụkọ South Africa, onye na-ahụ maka ihe okike na onye na-edebe ihe ndekọ Asanda Sizani nyochara, dezie ma wepụta akwụkwọ na-akọ akụkọ ndụ Nokutela Mdima-Dube n'ụdị dị iche iche dị ka edemede, egwu, nka, uri na ajụjụ ọnụ, akpọrọ Nokutela Mdima-Dube 1873–1917 . Asanda Sizani gakwuuru ụmụ nwanyị anọ nọ na Arts ka ha rụkọọ ọrụ na ihe bụ ugbu a ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe akpọrọ Amagama Ka Nokutela, nke pụtara "okwu / aha Nokutela". Ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ bụ Florence Masebe, Busi Sizani na Siphokazi Jonas. [14] Na 2022, mkpokọta Legacy Creates mepụtara obere ihe nkiri Amagama ka Nokutela, nke ewepụtara na Zeitz MOCAA (Museum of Contemporary Art Africa) na 25 Jenụwarị 2022, ncheta afọ 105 nke ọnwụ Nokutela. [15]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Zungu (2014-01-02). "HERstory: Writing women into South African history" (in en). Agenda 28 (1): 7–17. DOI:10.1080/10130950.2014.871459. ISSN 1013-0950.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Martin Vennard (13 June 2014). The pioneering woman the world forgot. BBC News. Retrieved on 23 June 2014.
- 1 2 3 Coan (2 November 2011). It's Nokutela's Turn. The Witness. Retrieved on 15 June 2014.
- ↑ Ngidi. "Nokutela Mdima-Dube recognised a century later", Mail & Guardian, 11 June 2022. Retrieved on 21 August 2023.
- ↑ Dube Biography. Oberlin.edu. Retrieved on 15 June 2014.
- 1 2 3 Hughes (2011). First President: A Life of John Dube, Founding President of the ANC. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media. ISBN 978-1770098138.
- ↑ (1898) Life and Light for Woman. Woman's Board of Missions.
- 1 2 3 Nokutela (nee Mdima) Dube. South Africa History Online (26 October 2012). Retrieved on 13 June 2014.
- ↑ Jaji (2014). Africa in Stereo: Modernism, Music, and Pan-African Solidarity. New York: Oxford Scholarship Online. ISBN 978-0199936380. Retrieved on 23 June 2014.
- ↑ Enoch Mankayti Sontonga. South African History Online. Retrieved on 23 June 2014.
- ↑ Hughes (2011). First President: A Life of John Dube. ISBN 9781770098138.
- ↑ Mandela (2009). Long Walk to Freedom. UK: Hachette. ISBN 9780796920614. Retrieved on 6 July 2014.
- ↑ Ms Nokutela Dube (Posthumous) | The Order of the Baobab in Gold. The Presidency Republic of South Africa. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved on 27 August 2021.
- ↑ Mbonambi (19 December 2021). Photo-series pays homage to an exemplary woman, Nokutela Mdima-Dube. IOL. Retrieved on 3 August 2022.
- ↑ Tleane (25 January 2022). A Film About the Iconic Nokutela Mdima Dube Makes History Ahead of Its Premiere. Youth Village. Retrieved on 3 August 2022.