Norfuk
Norfuk ( Pitcairn-Norfolk ) ( Norfolk na-arịwanye elu) ma ọ bụ Norf'k bụ asụsụ ndị bi n'ime obodo na-asụ na Norfolk Island (na Pacific Ocean). Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke Bekee na Tahitian nke narị afọ nke 18, nke ndị ọbịa na-asụ Pitkern si na agwaetiti Pitcairn webatara na mbụ. Tinyere Bekee, ọ bụ asụsụ ndị isi obodo Norfolk Island. [1] [2]
Norfuk abụrụla onye na-asụ asụsụ . Ka njem isi na Norfolk Island na-aghọwanye ihe, Norfuk na-adaba n'ejighi ya. A na-eme mgbalị iji weghachi asụsụ ahụ n'ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, dị ka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka, mbipụta nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bekee–Norfuk, iji asụsụ a na-eji akara ngosi eme ihe, na inyegharị aha ụfọdụ ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya - ọkachasị njem mmiri ozuzo " A Trip Ina Stik "- na Norfuk ha nhata. Na 2007, United Nations gbakwunyere Norfuk na ndepụta asụsụ ya dị ize ndụ . [3]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ ndị 1970, ndị obodo Norfolk na ndị ọkachamara sitere na ala Australia kwuru na asụsụ Norfuk na-adaba na ọdịda, na-akpali mkparịta ụka gbasara otu esi etinye Norfolk n'ime usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ. [4] N'oge a, Norfuk enweghị usoro ederede ahaziri ahazi, n'ihi na ọ na-abụkarị asụsụ ọnụ. Society of the Descendants of Pitcairn Islanders, nke hiwere na 1977, bụ ike na-akwalite mgbasa ozi iji tinye asụsụ Norfuk dịka isiokwu a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. [4] Faye Bataille bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ kụziiri Norfolk klas n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha, na 1980s.
Beryl Nobbs-Palmer chịkọtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Norfolk mbụ na 1986. [4] Akpọrọ ya akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Norfolk okwu na ojiji ma nwee ihe atụ nke okwu n'asụsụ Norfuk yana otu esi eji ha eme ihe.
Ọ bụ Alice Buffett na Dr Donald Laycock dere akwụkwọ Speak Norfuk Today . Ọ bụ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma nke jikọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ozi gbasara asụsụ Norfuk ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime oge mbụ e dekọrọ ihe odide Norfuk. [4]
Norfuk ghọrọ asụsụ nke Norfolk Island na 2004 site n'ikike nke Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) Act 2004 nke ọgbakọ omebe iwu nke agwaetiti ahụ gafere. [5]
Na 2018, Eve Semple na ndị ọrụ ibe nwetara onyinye sitere na Kansụl Nnyocha Ọstrelia, iji kwalite ma kwado nkwalite. [6]
Mmekọrịta na Pitkern
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Norfuk sitere na Pitkern (Pitcairnese ma ọ bụ Pi'kern) nke ndị bi na agwaetiti Pitcairn na-asụ. Mfe dị mfe nke njem site na mba ndị na-asụ Bekee dị ka Australia na New Zealand gaa Norfolk Island, karịsịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere njem njem na Pitcairn Islands, pụtara na Norfuk ekpughere ya na mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na Bekee na Pitkern. Ihe isi ike dị na ịnweta ndị bi na Pitcairn apụtala na ntụnyere asụsụ abụọ ahụ maka inwe nghọta n'otu n'otu egosila na ọ siri ike.
Nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ekewala Norfuk dị ka asụsụ Atlantic Creole, [7] n'agbanyeghị ebe agwaetiti ahụ dị na Oke Osimiri Pasifik, n'ihi mmetụta dị arọ nke Ned Young, onye na-ekwu okwu Saint Kitts Creole, na ọrụ ya dị ka " onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ " n'etiti ọgbọ mbụ nke ụmụaka a mụrụ na Pitcairn.
Asụsụ a nwere njikọ chiri anya na Pitkern mana enweghị ndị ikwu ọzọ karịa asụsụ nne na nna ya nke Bekee na Tahitian. A na-ewerekarị na Bekee enwewo mmetụta n'asụsụ ahụ karịa Tahitian, ebe okwu ndị Tahitian wepụrụ bụ ndị a kpọchiri n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihe ndị a na-adịghị mma, àgwà ndị na-adịghị mma, na adjectives na-egosi na ọ dị ihe na-adịghị mma.
Ọtụtụ okwu ndị a na-ejikarị na bekee nke oge a na-aga n'ihu na Pitkern. Okwu ndị a gụnyere okwu sitere na omenala mmiri mmiri Britain n'oge ụgbọ mmiri na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Mmetụta nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Seventh-day Adventist na King James Version nke Bible bụkwa ihe pụtara ìhè.
N'etiti narị afọ nke 19, ndị Pitcairn biri na Norfolk Island; mgbe e mesịrị, ụfọdụ laghachiri azụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu Pitkern taa bụ ụmụ nke ndị nọrọ. Asụsụ Pitkern na Norfuk bụ ndị a na-aghọta n'otu n'otu, mana dị iche na nke ọma na okwu na ụtọ asụsụ. [8]
Asụsụ Norfolk na-eji isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe (SVO) usoro okwu bụ isi. [9]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Otu ebumnuche na-ada | Ụda ebumnuche abụọ | |
|---|---|---|
| otu 1 | otu 2 | |
| i | e | ʌʊ |
| ɪ | o | ɑɪ |
| ɛ | ɔɪ | |
| æ | ||
| ɑ | ||
| ɒ | ||
| ọ | ||
| ʊ | ||
| ị | ||
| ɜ | ||
| ʌ | ||
Ọkpụkpụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ a na-asụkarị karịa asụsụ edere, na enweghị ụkpụrụ. Otú ọ dị, e meela ọtụtụ mgbalị n'ịmepụta ihe odide nke asụsụ ahụ. Mgbalị ndị mbụ nwara ịmanye mkpoputa bekee n'ime okwu Norfuk, ma ọ bụ jiri akara olu iji nọchite anya ụda dị iche na asụsụ ahụ.
Alice Buffett, onye omeiwu Norfolk Island na onye na-asụ asụsụ Australia zụrụ azụ, mepụtara usoro nhazi na nhazi maka asụsụ na 1980, nke Dr Donald Laycock na-enyere aka, onye ọkà mmụta mahadum mba Australia . E bipụtara akwụkwọ ha, Speak Norfuk Today, na 1988. Edemede ederede a enwetala nkwado nke gọọmentị Norfolk Island, ojiji ya na-abawanye ụba.
Okwu okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ n'onwe ya enweghị okwu iji kwupụta echiche ụfọdụ, ọkachasị ndị metụtara sayensị na teknụzụ. Ụfọdụ ndị Island kwenyere na naanị ihe ngwọta bụ ịmepụta kọmitii na-ahụ maka ịmepụta okwu ọhụrụ na Norfuk kama ịnakwere okwu Bekee maka ọganihu nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Norfuk nakweere okwu kompyuuta n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị kọmputa nke Norfuk. Usoro yiri nke a dị n'ihe gbasara asụsụ ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa, dị ka asụsụ Māori na New Zealand na asụsụ Faroese na Icelandic . Ụfọdụ asụsụ enweelarị ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, dị ka Kọmishọna Asụsụ Māori nke New Zealand ma ọ bụ Académie française nke France, maka imepụta okwu ọhụrụ. [11]
Akụkọ Norfolk Island emetụtawo okwu Norfuk nke ukwuu. E kere ọtụtụ okwu maka ụfọdụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi dị n'àgwàetiti ahụ na otú e si akpọ ihe ndị a bụ ihe pụrụ iche na Island nke Norfolk. [12] Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ ndị gbutere ha ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla natara aha mgbe o kesara azụ̀ ndị ahụ aha ọtụtụ azụ̀ ndị si n’agwaetiti ahụ. [12] Otu ihe atụ dị otú ahụ bụ aha azụ Sandford nke natara aha ya site n'aka otu nwoke aha ya bu Sandford Warren mgbe o natachara azu dika oke ya. [12]
Nkpọaha nkeonwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Isiokwu | Ihe | Nwere | Amụma | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1SG | ai | mii | mais | main |
| 2SG | yu | yuu | yus | yoen |
| 3SG . MASC | hi | hem | his | |
| 3SG . FEM | shi | her | hers | |
| 1DU . EXCL . MASC | miienhem | auwas | miienhis | |
| 1DU . EXCL . FEM | miienher | miienhers | ||
| 1DU . INCL | himii | himiis | ||
| 2DU | yutuu | yutuus | ||
| 3DU | demtuu | demtuus | ||
| 1PL | wi | aklan | auwas | |
| 2PL | yorlyi | yorlyis | ||
| 3PL | dem | dems | ||
Enwekwara et maka 'ọ' n'ụdị ihe ya.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Asụsụ nke Norfolk Island
- Asụsụ Pitkern
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Template error: argument title is required.
- ↑ "Save our dialect, say Bounty islanders", The Daily Telegraph, 2005-04-19. Retrieved on 6 April 2007.
- ↑ "UN adds Norfolk language to endangered list", ABC News. Retrieved on 5 May 2013.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mühlhäusler (2007). "The Pitkern-Norf'k language and education". English World-Wide 28 (3): 215–247. DOI:10.1075/eww.28.3.02muh. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Mühlhäusler 2007" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Velupillai, Viveka (15 April 2015). Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction. ISBN 9789027268846. OCLC 900333013.
- ↑ Preserving and reviving language and culture of Norfolk Island (en). Research Data Australia. Retrieved on 2021-10-31.
- ↑ Avram (2003). "Pitkern and Norfolk revisited". English Today 19 (1): 44–49. DOI:10.1017/S0266078403003092.
- ↑ Hogan-Brun (2018-12-11). The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Languages and Communities (in en). Springer, 535. ISBN 978-1-137-54066-9.
- ↑ Daval-Markussen (2015). "Book Review: 2013. The Atlas of Pidgin Creole Language Structures, edited by Michaelis Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber". Journal of Language Contact 8 (2): 430–434. DOI:10.1163/19552629-00802008.
- ↑ Harrison (1972). The language of Norfolk Island, 18.
- ↑ Norfolk Online News. www.norfolkonlinenews.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-17.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Nash (2014). "Linking language and the environment: the case of Norf'k and Norfolk Island" (in en). Language Sciences 41: 26–33. DOI:10.1016/j.langsci.2013.08.004.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Mụta Norfuk - Akụkọ Norfolk Island ( Archived )
- Akwụkwọ