Ntshangase abatala

Fikile Ntshangase (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1957)bụ onye na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi na South Africa nke e gburu na 22 Ọktoba 2020. Ọ bụ onye isi na Mfolozi Community Environmental Justice Organisation (MCEJO), nke na-eme ihe megide atụmatụ nke mgbasawanye nke ebe a na-egwupụta kol nke Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd na-arụ, dị nso na Somkhele, nke dị nso na ogige Hluhluwe–iMfolozi, ebe nchekwa okike kacha ochie na Africa.^[1]

Mgbalị maka gburugburu ebe obibi

Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi

Ntshangase bụ osote onye isi oche nke obere kọmitii nke MCEJO . ^[2].Òtù ahụ emegideburu mgbasa nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala na Mthethwa site na usoro nyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. MCEJO na-enweta nkwado site n'aka Earthlife Africa, groundWork, ActionAid South Africa, na WoMin.

Obodo Mpukunyoni

MCEJO sonyere n'ịgba ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala Somkhele aka na arịrịọ nke ndị bi na obodo Mpukunyoni. E nyela Tendele Coal Mining ikike ndị ọzọ n'ógbè ahụ na mmụba nke ebe a ga-eru nso na Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve.Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ala dị nso n'ụlọ Ntshangase na Ophondweni na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta anthracite kachasị na Afrịka, nke a na-eji emepụta ígwè.^[3] .Obodo Mpukunyoni na-adabere n'ịkpa anụ na ọrụ ugbo, ^[4]. mana Somkhele Coal Mine na Ogige Egwuregwu Hluhluwe-iMfolozi bụ ndị isi na-ewe mmadụ n'ọrụ ugbu a. ^[1]

Ndị obodo ahụ ekwuola na ha nwere nchegbu gbasara ahụike metụtara ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, gụnyere nsogbu ndị metụtara iku ume na-emetụta uzuzu coal; mmetọ nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ; na isi iyi mmiri kpọrọ nkụ.^[5] A na-etinye nchegbu ọdịbendị dị ka ili ndị nna nna ebe a na-egwupụta ma kwaga ebe ọzọ n'enweghị njirimara kwesịrị ekwesị.^[1] Tụkwasị na nke a, Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mbọ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi gburugburu anụ ọhịa rhino ọcha, ma enwere egwu sitere na nchekwa ahụ na mgbasawanye nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Somkhele dị nso n'ókè ya ga-eme ka ịchụ nta.^[6]

Ntshangase bụ akụkụ nke esemokwu iwu nke megidere mgbasawanye nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Somkhele. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọka iwu maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi site na ụlọ ọgwụ iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị uru ALL RISE, MCEJO guzobere usoro iwu megide Tendele Coal Mining iji kwụsị ọrụ ya na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Somkhele ruo mgbe ọ gbanwere atụmatụ nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi ya ma nweta ikikere dị mkpa maka njikwa ihe mkpofu na iwepụ osisi echedoro n'ógbè ahụ.^[7] Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Pietermaritzburg kwenyere na achọrọghị Tendele ka o nwee ikike gburugburu ebe obibi maka ikike igwu ala ya.^[8] Mgbe a rịọrọ ikpe ahụ, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Mkpegharị Ikpe jụrụ ikpe ahụ n'ihi na MCEJO na ALL RISE ekwughị ọrụ ndị Tendele rụrụ nke chọrọ ikike gburugburu ebe obibi.^[8]

Esemokwu na-arịwanye elu

Obodo dị n'ógbè ahụ kewara n'ihe gbasara mmụba nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, na-eduga na esemokwu na-arịwanye elu. Ụfọdụ anọwo na-eme mkpọsa iji chekwaa ihe oriri ha n'ime ime obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi, mana ndị ọzọ nọ n'obodo chọrọ ọrụ site na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ma kwado mgbasawanye.^[4] Ụfọdụ ndị obodo Mpukunyoni mere mkpesa maka ịkwaga ebe ọzọ metụtara mgbasawanye Tendele, na-ekwu maka mkparịta ụka ọha na eze ezughi oke tupu enye ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikike igwu ala.^[1] Ndị obodo dị nso n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala enweela egwu na egwu ime ihe ike n'ọnwa ole na ole tupu ogbugbu Ntshangase. A kọrọ na a gbagburu ezinụlọ ndị jụrụ ịkwaga n'ala nna ha. N'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 2020, a gbagburu mgbọ iri na itoolu n'ụlọ onye ọzọ na-emegide igwu ala, Tholakele Mthethwa.^[4]

Tendele mines na mbụ gbalịrị iru nkwekọrịta na MCEJO iji wepụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe megide ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke ụfọdụ ndị otu MCEJO kwetara.^[9] A kọrọ na Ntshangase jụrụ ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ma jụ inye ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka azụ. A kọrọ na o kwuru, sị, "Ajụla m ịbịanye aka. Enweghị m ike ire ndị m. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, m ga-anwụ maka ndị m".^[10]

Ọnwụ

Dịka ndị uwe ojii obodo si kwuo, n'ihe dị ka elekere isii na ọkara nke mgbede na 22 Ọktoba 2020, ụmụ nwoke atọ batara n'ụlọ Ntshangase na Ophondweni, wee gbaa ya egbe (ugboro isii) n'ebe dị mita ole na ole site n'ebe nwa nwa ya dị afọ iri na atọ na ndị enyi ya abụọ nọ (dị afọ asatọ na iri). ^[2] Ọ dị afọ iri isii na atọ ma na-egbutu yabasị maka nri abalị n'oge ahụ.^[4]

Ọnwụ Ntshangase bụ akụkụ nke mmụba nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi e gburu, dịka e gburu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndekọ gburugburu ụwa na 2019 na 2020, dị ka akụkọ Global Witness si kwuo.^[2]^[11] Ọnwụ ndị a metụtara ihe ịma aka nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, yana nkewa obodo dị n'ógbè ahụ gbasara otu nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike isi metụta ndụ ha na enweghị mgbanwe ziri ezi.^[3]

Nzaghachi mba ụwa

A katọọla ọnwụ Ntshangase dị ka ogbugbu site n'aka ọtụtụ òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Ọktoba 27, 2020, otu gburugburu ebe obibi groundWork zigara akwụkwọ ozi nye ndị ọchịchị dị iche iche nke South Africa na-arịọ ka e mee nnyocha ozugbo banyere ọnwụ ya, nke netwọk mba ụwa nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi bụ Friends of the Earth kwadoro.^[10] Human Rights Watch dere akwụkwọ ozi yiri nke ahụ.^[12]

Edemsibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kockott (2020-10-28). South African activist killed as contentious coal mine seeks to expand (en-US). Mongabay Environmental News. Archived from the original on 2021-02-10. Retrieved on 2021-03-29.Kockott, Fred; Hattingh, Matthew (28 October 2020). "South African activist killed as contentious coal mine seeks to expand". Mongabay Environmental News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Greenfield. "South African environmental activist shot dead in her home", The Guardian, 2020-10-23. Retrieved on 2021-03-08. (in en)Greenfield, Patrick (23 October 2020). "South African environmental activist shot dead in her home". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Bond (2022-02-17). Lessons from the assassination of Fikile Ntshangase: Climate violence, the “Right to say No!”, uncompensated resource extraction, financial profiteering and unpaid ecological debt in South Africa's coal mining belt (en). CADTM. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.Bond, Patrick (17 February 2022). "Lessons from the assassination of Fikile Ntshangase: Climate violence, the "Right to say No!", uncompensated resource extraction, financial profiteering and unpaid ecological debt in South Africa's coal mining belt". CADTM. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Koko. "How we braved danger to honour Fikile Ntshangase", Mail & Guardian, 7 Nov 2020. Retrieved on 2021-03-08.Koko, Khaya (7 November 2020). "How we braved danger to honour Fikile Ntshangase". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
↑ Koko (2020-11-07). Tendele’s mine pollutes their air and water, residents claim (en-ZA). The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
↑ Mining impacts on Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (en-US). Roving Reporters. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
↑ Somkhele - All Rise (en-ZA). Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Kirsten (2022-01-20). Unfortunate Environmental Authorisation Precedent Stands as Application to the Constitutional Court Dismissed - All Rise (en-ZA). Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
↑ Schneider (2021-11-12). Legal challenge to South Africa mine expansion looks to set new landmark (en-US). Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Condemnation of the assassination of Mama Fikile Ntshangase in South Africa (en-US). Friends of the Earth International (2020-11-06). Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved on 2021-05-15."Condemnation of the assassination of Mama Fikile Ntshangase in South Africa". Friends of the Earth International. 6 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
↑ Marshall. "Record number of environmental activists murdered", BBC News, 2021-09-13. Retrieved on 2021-09-13.
↑ Letter to the South Africa Department of Police in support of a prompt, thorough, and impartial investigation into the recent killing of environmental activist Mama Fikile Ntshangase (en). Human Rights Watch (2020-11-02). Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved on 2021-05-15.

Njikọ mpụga

Archived/2020/gW_Letter_to_Pres_&_Min_re_Fikile_Ntshangase_271020.pdf" id="mwAR8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka groundWork nye ndị ọchịchị South Africa E debere ya na Wayback Machine
Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Somkhele Coal Mine, KZN, South Africa

[:1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kockott (2020-10-28). South African activist killed as contentious coal mine seeks to expand (en-US). Mongabay Environmental News. Archived from the original on 2021-02-10. Retrieved on 2021-03-29.Kockott, Fred; Hattingh, Matthew (28 October 2020). "South African activist killed as contentious coal mine seeks to expand". Mongabay Environmental News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.

[Greenfield-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Greenfield. "South African environmental activist shot dead in her home", The Guardian, 2020-10-23. Retrieved on 2021-03-08. (in en)Greenfield, Patrick (23 October 2020). "South African environmental activist shot dead in her home". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Bond (2022-02-17). Lessons from the assassination of Fikile Ntshangase: Climate violence, the “Right to say No!”, uncompensated resource extraction, financial profiteering and unpaid ecological debt in South Africa's coal mining belt (en). CADTM. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.Bond, Patrick (17 February 2022). "Lessons from the assassination of Fikile Ntshangase: Climate violence, the "Right to say No!", uncompensated resource extraction, financial profiteering and unpaid ecological debt in South Africa's coal mining belt". CADTM. Retrieved 17 February 2022.

[Khaya-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Koko. "How we braved danger to honour Fikile Ntshangase", Mail & Guardian, 7 Nov 2020. Retrieved on 2021-03-08.Koko, Khaya (7 November 2020). "How we braved danger to honour Fikile Ntshangase". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.

[5] Koko (2020-11-07). Tendele’s mine pollutes their air and water, residents claim (en-ZA). The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.

[6] Mining impacts on Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (en-US). Roving Reporters. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.

[7] Somkhele - All Rise (en-ZA). Retrieved on 2022-02-17.

[:3-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Kirsten (2022-01-20). Unfortunate Environmental Authorisation Precedent Stands as Application to the Constitutional Court Dismissed - All Rise (en-ZA). Retrieved on 2022-02-17.

[9] Schneider (2021-11-12). Legal challenge to South Africa mine expansion looks to set new landmark (en-US). Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.

[:0-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Condemnation of the assassination of Mama Fikile Ntshangase in South Africa (en-US). Friends of the Earth International (2020-11-06). Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved on 2021-05-15."Condemnation of the assassination of Mama Fikile Ntshangase in South Africa". Friends of the Earth International. 6 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.

[BBC-11] Marshall. "Record number of environmental activists murdered", BBC News, 2021-09-13. Retrieved on 2021-09-13.

[12] Letter to the South Africa Department of Police in support of a prompt, thorough, and impartial investigation into the recent killing of environmental activist Mama Fikile Ntshangase (en). Human Rights Watch (2020-11-02). Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved on 2021-05-15.

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