Nwanne ọbara

Nwanne nwere ike izo aka na abụọ ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ na- njikọ site na ọkụ ndị ṅụrụ iyi iguzosi ike n'ihe nye ibe ha. A na-emekarị nke a n'oge a n'ememe, nke a mara dị ka iyi, ebe onye ọ llala na-eme obere ọkpụkpụ, na-eme ka onye aka, aka, ma ọ bụ ogwe aka, mgbe ahụ a na-atụle nha ahụ ọnụ ma kee ha, echiche ahụ bụ na ọ bụ onye ọ lụso a na-aga n'akwara onye nke ọzọ.

Omume ahụ na-ebu ihe ize ndụ n'ihi ọrịa ọbara. Usoro a na-enyekarị onye na-ekere òkè mmetụta ihe atụ dị elu nke njikọ ya na onye ọzọ na-ekerechi òkè.

Ọdịbendị

Asụsụ German

Ndị Norsemen na-abanye na nkwekọrịta nke òtù ụmụnna nzụlite ( ) gụnyere ememe nke ha na-ahapụ ọbara ha ka ha na-agbanye n'okpuru ebe mgbaba nke ahịhịa ahịhịa nke ube ma ọ bụ ube na-ebuli elu. A kọwara ihe atụ na Gísla saga.[1][2] Na Fóstbræðra saga, nkekọ nke Thorgeir Havarsson (Þorgeir Hávarsson) na Thormod Bersason (Þormóð Bersason) bụ nke a na-ejikwa ememe dị otú ahụ mechie, a na-akpọkwa ememe ahụ leikr..

Akụkọ Örvar-Oddr nwere ike ime ihe ọzọ amaokwu ibu. Örvar-Oddr, mgbe ọ lụchara ogụ megide onye agha Sweden a ma ama bụ Hjalmar, ya na ngwaọrụ n'ịkpọ site na emume àmàlite. Mgbe nke ahụ echiche, a na-eweghachi ahụ n’oge egwu iyi na ịgba afa. ^{[citation needed]}

N'okpuru ifo nke Northern Europe, Gunther na Högni mkpuchi ike nke Sigurd mgbe ọ nwanne ha na-egosi Gudrun. Na opera Wagner Götterdämmerung, nke ikpeazụ nke mgbanaka Cycle ya, otu ihe ahụ na-eme n'etiti Gunther na micner Wagner nke Sigurd, Siegfried, nke "Blood Brotherhood Leitmotif" mara. egwú na nke a, a na-ekwu na Lokasenna na Odin na Loki bụ ike.

Sitia

N'etiti Ndị Scythian, ndị ndụ ndụ ga-ekwe ka ị hụ ha n'ime iko; gosiri ahụ mechara gwakọta na ahụ ma gọzie saịtị na ndị ahụ mechara ahụ. Nwoke ọ bəra nwere oke ụzọ atọ n’oge ọ àlà ka a ghara ịdị ya obi. N'ihi ya, a na-achọsi òtù ngwaọrụ ike ma na-ahụ ogologo oge nke nri na ụbọbụenyi (Lucian, Toxaris). Ihe ngosi nke ike awụ nke anọ BC nke ndị agha Scythian abụọ na-ibu site na otu mpi nsogbu (akarịsịa na ọla edo sitere na Kul-Oba) eji ozi ya na iyi Scythian nke njikọ.

Ndị Hajduk nke Hungary nwere emume yiri nke ahụ, mana a na-ahụ mmiri ara ehi mgbaàmà ka ike wee pụta ìhè.. ^{[citation needed]}

Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia

N'Omenala ndị Eshia, a na- omume na emume nke egosi ike ka dị ka ọtụtụ maka iweta njikọ aka n'etiti ngwaọrụ. Ọ bụ n'ihi nke ahụ ka Ndị Mongol, ndị Turkic na Ndị China oge ochie na-eme ya. ^{[citation needed]}

Na Romance of the Three Kingdoms, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị China, ndị isi atọ ahụ ṅụrụ iyi nke nwanne, Oath of the Peach Garden, site n'ịchụ ehi ojii na ọcha ọcha. n'àjà na site n'iyi ndụ.[1] Ịnyị iyi ndị isi ụzo lie anụ anụmanụ n'àjà bụ ihe e ji mara ndị nnupụisi, dị ka nnupụise nke Deng Maoqi duziri n'afọ. 1440, nke òtù ndị omempụ, dị ka triads ma ọ bụ ndị ohi ụgbọ nke Lin Daoqian, na ndị ọzọ si n'Ebe Ọwụwa agha Eshia dị ka Ndị Mongol na ndị Manchu.[2] Genghis Khan nwere anda na-akpọ Jamukha. [3] Okwu a id na Old Turkic: ant ičmek ("ị̀ iyi"), nke sitere na "nnwale oge ochie site na nsí". Okwu Turkic, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị okwu ndị na Middle Mongol, nwere njikọ na Mongol anda.^[1]

Philippines

Na Philippines, gosiri (sandugo ma ọ bụ sanduguan, n'ụzọ "otu osisi") bụ emee oge ochie nke e bu n'uche ime ka ụbụbụenyi ma ọ bụ mmetụta dị mma ma ọ bụ iji kwado . A iro ha na ihe ndị nke ndị na-eso Spain na ndị Portugal na-eme eme n'akpaetiti ndị ahụ. Ụdị a ma nke emee ahụ site n'aka Ndị Visayan na-agụnye ịgwakọta okwu si n'ụdị ahụ n'otu iko nke a na-ahụ mgbe ahụ. N akara ndị ọzọ, dị ka na Palawan nke na-akụkọ ememe na-agụnye mkpokọtacha obi wee tinye n'asụsụ na n'egedege ihu.^[2]

Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka

A na-eji iyi mee ihe n'otu ụzọ ahụ a kaadị n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nrịda Sahara Africa. Onye ụzọ nke ndị Britain bụ Lord Lugard bụ onye a ma ama maka ngwaọrụ ịgba na ọtụtụ ndị isi Afrịka dị ka ụgwọ nke iwu ụgbọ ụzọ ya n’Afrịka. Otu nwanne nwoke dị ike bụ onye isi Kikuyu Waiyaki Wa Hinga. David Livingstone dere omume yiri nke a a na-akpọ 'Kasendi'.^[3]

Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe

Ụmụnne ọbara a ma ama

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na narị afọ nke 9 AD, ndị isi nke agbụrụ asaa nke Hungary guzobere njikọ aka na-aṅụ ọbara nke ibe ha, wee họrọ Álmos dị ka onye ndú.^[4]
N'afọ 1066, Robert d'Ouilly na Roger d'Ivry, ndị agha Norman abụọ sonyere na Mmeri Norman nke England bụ ndị a maara dị ka ụmụnne ọbara. E kwuru na ha ekwekọrịtara tupu oge eruo ịkekọrịta uru nke njem a. Ha abụọ lanarịrị Agha Hastings, e nyere ha ala na Oxfordshire na ebe ndị ọzọ, wee rụọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka Wallingford Castle.
Na narị afọ nke iri na abụọ AD, ndị isi Mongol Yesükhei (nna Temüjin) na Toghrul (mgbe e mesịrị onye ya na Temüjin jikọrọ aka) bụ ụmụnne ọbara.
Temüjin (Genghis Khan) na Jamukha bụ ndị enyi na ụmụnne ọbara site na nwata, ọ bụ ezie na Jamukharịrị raara Temüjin nye. Jamukha jụrụ ime udo ma si otú a gbuo ya na iwu Temüjin.
Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ AD, ndị ozi nke Eze Britain George nke Atọ na ndị isi nke ndị Jamaican Maroons kọrọ na ha ṅụrụ ọbara ibe ha mgbe ha na-eme nkwekọrịta udo.^[5]
Ụmụnne ọbara na Mgbanwe Serbia (1804-17): onye ndú nnupụisi Karađorđe (1762-1817) na ọchịagha Milutin Savić (17621842);^[6] Karađordje na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Gris Giorgakis Olympios (1772-1821);^[7] ọchịagha Hajduk-Veljko (1780-1813) na Giorg Olympios;^[8] ọchịagha Stojan Čupić (1765-1815) na Bakal-Milosav;^[9] ọchịagha Cincar-Jancera (1779-1833),[3]^[10]
Ụmụnne ọbara na Principality nke Serbia: Prince Milan Obrenović (1854-1901) na Milan Piroćanac (1837-1897); Aćim Čumić (1836-1901) and Kosta Protić (1831-1892); Đura Jakšić (1832-1878) na Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski (1829-1890).^[11]^[12]^[13]
Na Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Gris (18-30), a sịrị na ndị Gris Nikolaos Kriezotis na ndị Montenegro Vaso Brajević bụ ụmụnne ọbara.
A na-ewere onye mgba nke Samoa "High Chief" Peter Maivia dị ka nwanne ọbara nke Amituanai Anoaʻi, nna nke ndị mgba ibe ya Afa na Sika Anoaʻu, ndị a ma ama dị ka ndị Samoan Wild, ndị na-ewere Peter dị ka nwanne nna ha. Ya mere, site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu, Ezinụlọ <i id="mwASo">Anoaʻi</i> na-ewere usoro Maivia dị ka ndọtị nke ezinụlọ nke ha.

Akụkọ ọdịnala

A na-ekwu na chi Norse Loki na Odin nwere ọbara agwakọta n'oge ochie na Lokasenna. A na-ewere nke a dị ka nkọwa ihe mere chi ji anabata Loki.
Liu Bei, Guan Yu na Zhang Fei. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Romance of the Three Kingdoms nke Luo Guanzhong, ndị ikom atọ a ṅụrụ iyi na Oath of the Peach Garden ha a ma ama na n'agbanyeghị na amụghị ha n'otu ụbọchị, nwanne ha ga-ejedebe na ha ga-anwụ n'otuụbọchị ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme kwuru na ndị ikom atọ ahụ "dị nso dị ka ụmụnne".
N'akụkọ ndị China bụ Journey to the West, Sun Wukong (King Monkey) ghọrọ ụmụnne ọbara na Niu Mowang (King Bull Demon) na ọtụtụ ndị isi mmụọ ọjọọ ndị ọzọ, mana e mechara chefuo mmekọrịta nwanne a n'ihi esemokwu metụtara nwa mmụọ ọjọọ nke kpatara nsogbu ndị ọzọ maka Wukong. Wukong kwukwara na ya na Erlang Shen bụ ụmụnne. Erlang nwere ụmụnne isii ndị ọzọ a ṅụrụ iyi si Plum Hill.
N'ime uri epic nke Serbia, e nwere ọtụtụ òtù ụmụnna ọbara. Miloš Obilić na Milan Toplica na Ivan Kosančić, ^[14] Miloš Obilć na Prince Marko, ^[15] Miloš Obić na Ụmụnne Jugović, ^[16] Despot Vuk Grgurević na Dmitar Jakšić.^[17]

Akwụkwọ

Winnetou na Old Shatterhand na ọrụ Karl May.^[18]
Ndị edemede Edward Lyons na Mickey Johnstone na Willy Russell's Blood Brothers .

Ihe odide nkọwa

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Ihe odide

↑ Peter B. Golden (2003). Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. Ashgate/Variorum.
↑ Pigafetta (1906). "Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo", in Emma Helen Blair: The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume XXXIII, 1519-1522. Arthur H. Clark Company.
↑ Trumbull (1885). The Blood Covenant, Outlook Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2018, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 9783732636679. Retrieved on 2019-10-19.
↑ Anonymus (c. 1200). Gesta Hungarorum.
↑ Bilby (1997). "Swearing by the Past, Swearing to the Future: Sacred Oaths, Alliances, and Treaties among the Guianese and Jamaican Maroons". Ethnohistory 44 (4): 655–689. DOI:10.2307/482884. ISSN 0014-1801.
↑ Бошко Стрика (1927). Српске задужбине Фрушкогорски манастири: Fruškogorski manastiri. тисак закладе тискаре "Народних новина".
↑ Douglas Dakin (1973). The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821–1833. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02342-0.
↑ Béla K. Király (1982). War and Society in East Central Europe: The first Serbian uprising 1804-1813. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-930888-15-2.
↑ (1928) The Slavonic and East European Review. Jonathan Cape Limited.
↑ (2012) The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804–1813). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-67606-0.
↑ Dušan Baranin (1977). Milan Obrenović: kralj Srbije. V. Karadžić.
↑ Vukadin Sretenović (1990). Kralj Milan. NIGP "Glas".
↑ Gavrilo Kovijanić (1986). Tragom čitališta u Srbiji. Narodna knjiga.
↑ Nebojša Popov (January 2000). The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis. Central European University Press, 192–. ISBN 978-963-9116-56-6.
↑ Tanya Popovic (1988). Prince Marko: The Hero of South Slavic Epics. Syracuse University Press, 26–. ISBN 978-0-8156-2444-8.
↑ Anamaria Dutceac Segesten (16 September 2011). Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks. Lexington Books, 208–. ISBN 978-0-7391-4865-5.
↑ Asmus Soerensen (1999). Prilog istoriji razvoja srpskog junačkog pesništva. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. ISBN 9788617077059.
↑ May (1878). Winnetou. ISBN 978-0874221794.

[1] Peter B. Golden (2003). Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. Ashgate/Variorum.

[2] Pigafetta (1906). "Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo", in Emma Helen Blair: The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume XXXIII, 1519-1522. Arthur H. Clark Company.

[3] Trumbull (1885). The Blood Covenant, Outlook Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2018, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 9783732636679. Retrieved on 2019-10-19.

[4] Anonymus (c. 1200). Gesta Hungarorum.

[5] Bilby (1997). "Swearing by the Past, Swearing to the Future: Sacred Oaths, Alliances, and Treaties among the Guianese and Jamaican Maroons". Ethnohistory 44 (4): 655–689. DOI:10.2307/482884. ISSN 0014-1801.

[6] Бошко Стрика (1927). Српске задужбине Фрушкогорски манастири: Fruškogorski manastiri. тисак закладе тискаре "Народних новина".

[7] Douglas Dakin (1973). The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821–1833. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02342-0.

[8] Béla K. Király (1982). War and Society in East Central Europe: The first Serbian uprising 1804-1813. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-930888-15-2.

[9] (1928) The Slavonic and East European Review. Jonathan Cape Limited.

[10] (2012) The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804–1813). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-67606-0.

[11] Dušan Baranin (1977). Milan Obrenović: kralj Srbije. V. Karadžić.

[12] Vukadin Sretenović (1990). Kralj Milan. NIGP "Glas".

[13] Gavrilo Kovijanić (1986). Tragom čitališta u Srbiji. Narodna knjiga.

[Popov2000-14] Nebojša Popov (January 2000). The Road to War in Serbia: Trauma and Catharsis. Central European University Press, 192–. ISBN 978-963-9116-56-6.

[Popovic1988-15] Tanya Popovic (1988). Prince Marko: The Hero of South Slavic Epics. Syracuse University Press, 26–. ISBN 978-0-8156-2444-8.

[Segesten2011-16] Anamaria Dutceac Segesten (16 September 2011). Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks. Lexington Books, 208–. ISBN 978-0-7391-4865-5.

[SoerensenKleut1999-17] Asmus Soerensen (1999). Prilog istoriji razvoja srpskog junačkog pesništva. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. ISBN 9788617077059.

[18] May (1878). Winnetou. ISBN 978-0874221794.

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