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Nyonin Kinsei

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Nyonin Kinsei (女人禁制) bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka ụdị omenala ọha na eze anụmanụ ụmụ nke a na-ahụ na Japan. [1] [2][3][4]

[5] ịma, ọ na-ezo aka n'omenala ndị na-amachibido ụmụ ekiri n'ebe dị nss (ebe nss, ụlọ nsso, ebe nsso, ebe emee, wdg).[1][2]  N'echiche a, a na-akpọ mpaghara ahụ dị ike (ókè) ihe nkiri ụmụ.[3][4]  Ojiji bụ otu aha na mmachibido iwu ụmụ.

Ọ na-ezo aka na omenala ọha na eze nke na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị ịbanye, isonye na, ma ọ bụ isonye n'ụzọ ọ bụla ọzọ, na-esite na ihe ndị dị iche na isi ihe Mmachibido iwu ụmụ nwanyị pụtara (dị ka a hụrụ na Kabuki).

N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, a na-akpọ "ndị na-amachibido ndị mmadụ ịbanye" Danshi Kinsei (男子禁制) (dịka, ikpe ekpere na ime emume na Utaki na Okinawa (Ryukyu Kingdom)).

Mmegide megide iwu "enweghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere"

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Gọọmentị Meiji

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Na Machị 27, Meiji 5 (May 4, 1872), gọọmentị Meiji kwupụtara na Edo shogunate na ụlọ arụsị na ụlọ arụsị agaghịzi enwe ike Tokugawa Shogunate na ụlọ arụsị ya na ebe arụsị ya, n'ịgbalị ịsọ mpi na ndị ọchịchị ọdịda anyanwụ, nakweere iwu Confucianism nke "ọ dịghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere" (otu n'ime iwu nke nwoke na Five agaghị ekwe omume).  nọdụ ala n'otu oche mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa" (usoro iwu nke Akwụkwọ nke Rites).  (Akwụkwọ nke Rites, iwu ime obodo), amachibidoro ya dị ka otu n'ime ịkpa ókè ("omenala ndị gbagọrọ agbagọ") nke na-enweghị ajụjụ maka mba nke oge a na-agbalị ịsọ mpi na ndị ọchịchị ọdịda anyanwụ.

Iwu "enweghị ụmụ nwanyị kwere" nke Japan Sumo Association n'ime ring

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Otú ọ dị, akụkụ nke Japan Sumo Association (Grand Sumo) dị iche na ndị a.  Mmalite nke Grand Sumo Tournament bụ Kanjin Grand Sumo, nke emere iji ego maka iwu na-arụ ụlọ ns na ebe nsso oge Edo.  Ka e hụ, na 1872, nnukwu kansụl nke steeti No. 98, ụlọ nsbọ na ụlọ Buddha mechiri ụmụ ekiri, mana meghere maka ịrịgo na njem ala nsso, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ile Grand Sumo Tournament.  Japan Sumo Association ka na-amachibido ndị eji n'ime ring ma e wezụga oche ndị na-ekiri, mana nke a ma ka ndị na-akwado ụmụ na-ama ha, ebe ọ bụ na ha ngwaọrụ enwe mgbaàmà ma ọ ndị na ha bụ ndị na-ele anya mgbe niile.  E nweela ihe omume nke emetụta anụmanụ.[1]  ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ, ndị agha , ndị edemede, na ndị ọzọ akpọwo ka e mesoo ụmụ n'ụzọ ahụ na ụmụ nwoke ma ghara imeso ha dị ka ndị na- ọcha ọcha n'ihi ihe ihe oyiyi "Ọdịnala" na ndabere nke Nkeji edemede 14, Paragraf 1 nke Iwu Japan, nke ekere ókè.[6][7]

Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Doshisha, Konnichiwa sonyeere mbụ sumo nke Aisin Seiki, na September 2021, onye nta si na Number Web gbara ya ndị ọnụ ma ọnụ ya ọnụ ọnụ "ndị na-agba mgba sumo na-alụ njikọ mmachibido iwu a ụmụ na sumo.  ngosi nnukwu sumo, Ịgba mgba nke Mongolia, sumo amateur sumo dị ka egwuregwu, na votive sumo.  N'etiti ha, echere m na mmachibido iwu ụmụ bụ echiche nke dị naanị na sumo.  Ọ bụ ya mere anyị ji na-ekwu maka etu anyị ga-esi buru ụzọ n'usoro Olympic, kama malite n'egwú sumo.[1]  Mgbe Asahi Shimbun gbara ya ọnụ n'otu ụnwa ahụ, o kwuru, sị, "Adịghị m n'uche mmachibido iwu a ndụ ụmụ na sumo n'ihi na echere m na sumo na-atọ ụtọ dị iche. (Enwere m ohere na sumo ga-etolite dị ka egwuregwu nke oge a. [8]

Mmegide megide mmachibido iwu ụmụ nwanyị na Omine, Nara Prefecture

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Na Machị 27, 1872 (1872, May 4), Grand Council of State nyere ọkwa nke 98 nke afọ 5 nke Meiji (1872 May 04), nke kpọsara, "A ga-emechi ụlọ arụsị na ụlọ nsọ Buddhist nye ụmụ nwanyị, na njem njem njem ugwu ugwu, a ga-ahapụkwa ya.  (October 27, 1872), ndị na-arụ ọrụ shugendo nke Ugwu Mine (Omine) na ndịda Nara Prefecture ekweghị ka ịlaghachi n'okpukpe nke Tendai Shingon Buddhism (Omine) na ndịda Nara Prefecture, ndị ọrụ shugendo na ndị na-emekọ ihe na-aga n'ihu na-anọgide na-ejigide "ọ dịghị ndị inyom na-anabata ya" na saịtị a  abụrụla òtù na-ebuli mmachibido iwu nke ụmụ nwanyị na-abanye n'ugwu ahụ, na n'oge gara aga, e nwere ndị inyom na-agbago ugwu ahụ na nzuzo ma ọ bụ n'agbanyeghị mmegide..

Echiche na a ga-anọgide na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị iwu

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Ozugbo Agha Pasifik, onye isi nke ndị agha aka nke weghaara Japan gara n'obodo Dorogawa, nke dị n'isi ụzọ, iji ike ka e fra ngalaba ụmụ .  N'oge ahụ, otu okenye nọ n'ahụ za ike, "Ekwela ka a tọ hapụ ụmụ nke mba gị Abbeys n'aka ụmụ," ma mee ka mma iwu ahụ dịgide..

Ebe a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu (ma ọ bụ) na nkwenkwe na omenala ndị Japan

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Ugwu na ebe ndị dị nsọ

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Okpukpe Buddha na ịta ahụhụ n'ugwu

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  • Ugwu Fuji (Yamanashi Prefecture na Shizuoka Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na ngwụcha Oge Edo.
  • Tateyama (Toyama Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1872 (1872).
  • Hakusan (Ishikawa Prefecture na Gifu Prefecture) - Otu ihe ahụ dị n'elu.
  • Hiei (Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture) - otu ihe ahụ dị n'elu.
  • Ugwu Ontake (Nagano Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ n'ihe dị ka 1877 (afọ nke iri nke Meiji).
  • Ugwu Kōya (Wakayama Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, e wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1904 (afọ nke 37 nke Meiji).
  • Ugwu Atọ nke Dewa (Yamagata Prefecture) - E wepụrụ mmachibido iwu ahụ na 1997 (Heisei 9). Agbanyeghị, enwere oge ọzụzụ dị iche iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.
  • Ugwu Ishizuchi (Ehime Prefecture) - Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ naanị na July 1, ụbọchị ugwu ahụ meghere.
  • Ugwu Ōmine (Nara Prefecture) - A na-ekpuchi ugwu ahụ dum, enwere nnukwu ihe ịrịba ama n'okporo ụzọ. E nwere òtù mmegide.
  • Gozan, Dosenji Inner Temple (Okayama) - A na-ewere ụzọ ịta ahụhụ nke na-esi n'ụlọ nzukọ nne dị n'etiti Gozan gaa n'ụlọ nsọ dị n'ime ka a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu. E nwere ụzọ dị iche nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwe ka ha rịgoro.
  • Ugwu Tateshina (Nagano Prefecture) - A na-edo Takamimusubi nsọ n'elu ugwu ahụ, mana ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ Chi nke mmalite oge, a naghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị na-arị ugwu. .

Shinto na usoro ofufe ugwu ndị ọzọ

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  • Okinoshima (Fukuoka Prefecture, Munakata City) - Àgwàetiti ahụ dum bụ nke onwe [9] .[10]
  • Yakushima (Kagoshima Prefecture, Yakushima Town) - A na-ewere Miyanoura na ugwu ndị ọzọ dị n'etiti agwaetiti ahụ dị ka ihe a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu. .

Ememme ndị metụtara Shinto

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  • Ememme Tanabe (Aomori Prefecture, Mutsu City) - N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a hapụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha dọrọ ihe ndị ahụ, mana a machibidoro ememme ahụ iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị ma a naghị ekwe ka ha na-agbagharị na ihe ndị ahụ.
  • Gantō (Akita City) - A na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị sonye na emume ahụ kemgbe oge Showa, mana ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwoke ka a na-ekwe iji jide Gantō.
  • Gion Matsuri (Kyoto (obodo) ) - Ụfọdụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ndị inyom na-agụ egwú, mana ndị ọzọ, dị ka ogologo mma agha na-ese n'elu n'isi nke ngagharị ahụ, machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị.
  • Hakata Gion Yamakasa (Fukuoka Prefecture) - Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwe ka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na ndị na-eto eto sonye na emume ahụ site n'ịdị ka ụmụ nwoke (shimekomi).
  • Kishiwada Danjiri Festival (Osaka Prefecture, Kishiwada City) - A na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị dọrọ Danjiri, mana ọ bụghị ịgba ya.
  • Ịzụ ehi (Niigata Prefecture, Nagaoka City, nke bụbu Yamakoshi Village) - E wepụrụ mmachibido iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị nwe ehi ịbanye n'ógbè ahụ na Mee 4, 2018, iji dọrọ ehi gburugburu mgbe ngagharị ahụ gasịrị.[11] .

Dabere na ndị otu ndị ọrụ nwere nkà pụrụ iche

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  • Sake brewery (Toji) - E nwere ugbu a Toji nwanyị.
  • Na mgbanaka na Grand Sumo Tournament (Japan Sumo Association) - Dan n'èzí mgbanaka maka emume ịkpụ ntutu, onyinye, na ekele sitere na Kangen na asọmpi mpaghara, na nkwụsịtụ nwa oge nke Chibikko Sumo.
    • N'Eprel 4, 2018, n'oge njem na Kyoto Prefecture, Maizuru City, Maiziru Mayor Ryozo Tadami dara n'ime ring mgbe ọ na-agwa ìgwè mmadụ okwu. N'oge a, a mara ọkwa ndị ọrụ ahụike nwanyị batara n'ime ring iji nye nlekọta ahụike mberede iji pụọ na ring. Hakkaku Chancellor rịọrọ Ịgbaghara, onye nke atọ Gyoji onye mere ọkwa ahụ gbara arụkwaghịm na July nke otu afọ ahụ.[12][13] .
    • "Chibi Sumo" na njem mpaghara akwụsịla kemgbe 2018.[14] .Ihe kpatara nke a bụ na enwere nchegbu banyere Sekitori na-emerụ ahụ n'ihu ụmụ agbọghọ, ụfọdụ n'ime Sekitori, ndị gba ọtọ ma na-eyi mawashi, nwere mgbagwoju anya banyere ihe ha ga-eme mgbe ha na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị okenye na-emekọrịta ihe, ọbụlagodi na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, enwere mkpesa abụọ site n'aka ndị nne na nna nke ụmụ nwoke ahụ sonyere na asọmpi ahụ na ha merụrụ ahụ.[15] .Na nzukọ rikishi tupu asọmpi May 2019, ọtụtụ rikishi kpọrọ oku maka mweghachi. Yokozuna Tsururyū, onye na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke òtù ndị na-agba mgba sumo, kwuru, sị, "Ihe a na-arịọkarị bụ maka njem nleta nke asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe m na-eche banyere ọdịnihu nke ụwa sumo na mmekọrịta ya na ndị ahịa, "ka o kwuru, na-arịarịọ ngalaba njem. [16][17][18] .

Egwuregwu ndị a (ma ọ bụ ndị a) weere dị ka ndị a machibidoro iwu nye ụmụ nwanyị

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  • Kabuki - A na-ekwe ka ụmụaka na-eme ihe nkiri mee ihe tupu ha agaa ịhụ nsọ mbụ. Ọzọkwa, ka ọ dị ugbu a, a machibidoghị ụmụ nwanyị iwu ime ihe nkiri.
    • N'afọ 1993, Takako Matsu dị afọ iri na isii (nwa nwanyị nke abụọ nke Matsumoto Hakuō II) pụtara na Kabuki-za dị ka Oku na Bunshichi Genbei. N'afọ 2007, Mitsuko Mori pụtara na Ọgbọ nke iri na asatọ Nakamura Kanzaburō na arụmọrụ Ọktoba nke Shimbashi Embujo's "Nishiki-aki Enbujo Matsuri Nakamura Kançaburō Struggle".[19] .Na Disemba 2017, Shinobu Terajima (nwa nwanyị nke Kikugoro Onoe VII) pụtara na 11th Ichikawa Ebizo's experimental stage show, Roppongi Kabuki, Zatoichi. Ọzọkwa, Nakamura Shidō II anọwo na-eme ihe na Cho-Kabuki na ihe oyiyi Hatsune Miku kemgbe 2019 Minami-za performance, ya na nwanyị na-agba egwú nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Fujima (ụlọ akwụkwọ Kanjuro). aha azụmahịa "Hanabiraya" na mgbanwe netwọk ha. [20] .
    • N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2016, Fumimi Imamura mere ihe nkiri na "Bancho Sarayashiki" na National Theatre of Japan. Ọ na-eme ka onye dike.[21] .
    • N'afọ 1983, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Umeyuki Onoe VII, Shou Satou (onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, prọfesọ na Mahadum Osaka nke Arts Junior College) Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri "Onna-Kabuki Sho" bụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu, nke nwere naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-eme.[22] Ndị otu ahụ anọwo na-eme usoro "ihe nkiri oge mara mma" nke amụtala site na nnukwu ihe nkiri kabuki ma hazie ya ka ụmụ nwanyị mee ihe.[23] .Na kabuki amateur, ụmụ nwanyị na-emekwa ihe n'elu ikpo okwu, ọbụnakwa e nwere otu kabuki ụmụ nwanyị. [24] .
    • E nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ ịgba Egwú ndị Japan nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki (onye a mụrụ n'ọkwá dị elu ma ọ bụ onye ezinụlọ) guzobere ma onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri kabuk (onye ezinụlọ) duziri ya ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ, e nwekwara ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu kabuki na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-agba egwú Japan. Nwa nwanyị nke okenye na Takako Matsu nke Matsumoto Shiroko nke Abụọ bụ Natori nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Matsumoto, ebe nwa nwanyị nke okenye da nwa nwanyị nke abụọ nke Ichikawa Danjūrō IX bụ nke abụọ na nke atọ Iemoto nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Ichikawa. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ugbu a, Ichikawa Juhon (nwa nwanyị nke Ichikawa Danjūrō XI), na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki. Na mgbakwunye, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ndị ọbịa na ihe ngosi Shinpa.[25]、N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki (Kuriko Namino, Harumoto Yuka, wdg) na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri kabuk (Kawai Yukinojo, Kitamura Rokuro, wdg.) debanyere aha na Shinpa Theater Company.
  • Nohgaku - A hapụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Noh ka ha sonye na Nohgaku Association na 1948. E nyere ndị otu Nippon Nohgaku-kai n'afọ 2004. A na-amata ndị otu Japan Nohgaku Society dị ka ndị nwere ihe onwunwe ọdịbendị dị mkpa "Nohgaku" (nkwado zuru oke).

Ndị ọzọ

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  • Dị ka ihe atụ nke mmachibido iwu nwa oge nke ụmụ nwanyị, na omenala samurai, onye samurai ga-ezere ụmụ nwanyị ụbọchị atọ ma ọ bụ asaa tupu ọ banye n'agha, iji chekwaa ike ya tupu ọ pụọ (n'ezie, a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị gburugburu samurai ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ọ banye agha).
  • Ueizumi Nobutsuna dere n'akwụkwọ ya "Hatsukou" (The Book of War), Vol. 1, "A machibidoro ịkpọbata ụmụ nwanyị n'ogige ahụ", a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị ọbụna n'oge agha. (Mgbe ejikọtara ya na ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, nke a pụtara na a machibidoro ụmụ nwanyị iwu site n'otu izu tupu na n'oge agha). N'etiti agha, agha ndị a na-atụghị anya ya na ndị a na'atụghị anya ha na mwakpo mberede nwere ike ime. Ewezuga nke a bụ Toyotomi Hideyoshi, onye duuru ndị agha buru ibu na mmeri nke Odawara, ya na ndị iko ya, Yodo-dono na ndị ọzọ (a mụrụ Hideyosh Yodo-dono). Buke (Japan) e ji Bushi]]). Na mgbakwunye, enwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke ndị isi agha na-anọnyere ndị nwunye ha n'oge Siege Warfare ma na-agbapụ.

Danshi Kinsei (A machibidoro ụmụ nwoke iwu)

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Ihe dị iche na nyonin kinsei bụ danshi kinsei (ọ dịghị nwoke kwere).

Nkwenkwe Ndị E kweere

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Dị ka ihe atụ nke okpukpe na okwukwe, ikpe ekpere na ime ememe na Utaki na Okinawa abụwo ọrụ pụrụ iche nke ndị ụkọchukwu nwanyị a na-akpọ Noro (onye ụkọchụ) kemgbe oge ochie, a machibidoro ụmụ nwoke iwu.

Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, e nwere ọtụtụ ebe ebe a na-amachibidoghị ike n'ama nsso ahụ ma e wezụga n'oge ofufe onye, ​​mana nke a bụ ihe maka njem njem (dị ka Saiba Utaki).  Ebe nss nke Utaki, nke ndị ndu na-achịkwa, mechiri emechi machibido ya iwu maka ụmụ nwoke.

Mmachibido iwu nke ndị na-abụghị ndị eze n'obí eze zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ọchịchị ndị China, a na-achịkwa ndị ọnaozi n'ụzọ siri ike, ọrụ ha sitere na ọrụ ndị ụkọchukwu, ọrụ dị iche iche, na ije ozi n'ụlọ ikpe, gụnyere obí eze dị n'ime, ruo na nchekwa, ọrụ nzuzo, agụmakwụkwọ nke ezinụlọ eze, na njikwa égbè.

Hụkwa

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  • Ugwu Ōmine
  • Shugendō
  • Iwu
  • Mmachibido iwu maka ịhụ nsọ
  • Ịbụ onye inyom
  • Ndị kpuru ìsì

Ihe odide

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  • Junko Minamoto (ed.), "Nyonin kinsei" Q & A, Kaiho Shuppansha, 2005.

Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

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  1. ↑ 石田瑞麿 (February 1997). 例文仏教語大辞典. 小学館. ISBN 978-4095081113. 
  2. ↑ (2003-01-10) 日本国語大辞典. 小学館. ISBN 978-4095219011. 
  3. ↑ (August 1998) 歴史民俗用語よみかた辞典. 日外アソシエーツ. ISBN 978-4816915185. 
  4. ↑ 大辞典. 第二十卷 96, 97. 平凡社. Retrieved on 2017-05-07.
  5. ↑ "Daijisen."
  6. ↑ （社説）大相撲の伝統 「女人禁制」を解くとき：朝日新聞デジタル. archive.is (2018-04-28). Archived from the original on 2018-04-28. Retrieved on 2021-05-12.
  7. ↑ 論点：大相撲の「女人禁制」 (ja). 毎日新聞(2018年4月27日). Retrieved on 2021-05-12.
  8. ↑ 強豪実業団の女子相撲部員 「まずは世界一めざす」 今日和選手：朝日新聞デジタル (ja). 朝日新聞デジタル(2021年9月20日) (20 September 2021). Retrieved on 2021-09-27.
  9. ↑ Dewitt (2020-04-02). World Cultural Heritage and women's exclusion from sacred sites in Japan (in en). Routledge, 65–86. DOI:10.4324/9780429265976-4. ISBN 978-0-429-26597-6. 
  10. ↑ (2018) "Island of Many Names, Island of No Name : Taboo and the Mysteries of Okinoshima", The Sea and the Sacred in Japan : Aspects of Maritime Religion (in en). Bloomsbury Academic. DOI:10.5040/9781350062887.ch-004. ISBN 978-1-3500-6288-7. 
  11. ↑ 新潟・長岡の闘牛場、女性の立ち入りＯＫに 会員増加で：朝日新聞デジタル (ja). 朝日新聞デジタル(2018年5月4日) (4 May 2018). Retrieved on 2020-02-19.
  12. ↑ 三段目格行司の木村昌稔が辞職 - 大相撲 : 日刊スポーツ (ja). nikkansports.com(2018年7月3日). Retrieved on 2020-02-24.
  13. ↑ DeWitt (September 2021). "Japan's Sacred Sumo and the Exclusion of Women: The Olympic Male Sumo Wrestler (Part 1)" (in en). Religions 12 (9): 749. DOI:10.3390/rel12090749. 
  14. ↑ 鶴竜、ちびっこ相撲の取りやめにさみしげ「盛り上がりが少ない」/デイリースポーツ online (ja). デイリースポーツ online(2018年10月28日). Retrieved on 2020-02-24.
  15. ↑ 協会からのお知らせ 理事長談話(2018年4月28日). 日本相撲協会. Retrieved on 2021-10-03.
  16. ↑ 鶴竜、ちびっこ相撲復活へ改革案「相撲界の未来を」 - 大相撲 : 日刊スポーツ (ja). nikkansports.com(2018年4月28日). Retrieved on 2020-02-24.
  17. ↑ 力士会会長の鶴竜「未来のことを考えて」 普及のため、子どもの稽古再開を要望へ (ja-JP). SANSPO.COM（サンスポ） (2019-05-01). Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved on 2020-02-24.
  18. ↑ 力士会、ちびっこ相撲復活を！ (ja-JP). SANSPO.COM（サンスポ） (2019-05-02). Retrieved on 2020-02-24.
  19. ↑ 錦秋演舞場祭り 中村勘三郎奮闘 十月大歌舞伎 - 新橋演舞場 (2007年10月) - 歌舞伎公演データベース. kabukidb.net. Retrieved on 2021-09-09.
  20. ↑ 連載「超歌舞伎 その軌跡（キセキ）と、これから」第十四回 (ja). ニコニコニュース オリジナル(2021年8月19日) (19 August 2021). Retrieved on 2021-09-26.
  21. ↑ 前進座五月国立劇場公演. www.zenshinza.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved on 2021-08-26.
  22. ↑ 教員紹介 ｜ メディア・芸術学科 ｜ 学科案内 ｜ 大阪芸術大学短期大学部. osaka-geitan.jp. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved on 2021-06-13.
  23. ↑ 女歌舞伎 劇団尚公式ホームページ - 美しすぎる時代劇 (ja). Retrieved on 2021-06-13.
  24. ↑ 全国の地芝居（地歌舞伎）調査報告書（平成27年度） | 文化庁. www.bunka.go.jp. Retrieved on 2021-05-19.
  25. ↑ 新派１２０周年 歌舞伎とは深い縁！ (ja). [歌舞伎] All About(2008年5月23日). Retrieved on 2021-01-04.
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