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Okpukpe Bahá'í na Naijiria

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Mgbe ọnụnọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na njedebe 1920s, [1] Okwukwe Bahá'í na Nigeria malitere site na Bahá'ís na-asụ ụzọ na-abịa na Sub-Saharan West Africa na 1950 karịsịa na-agbaso mbọ nke Enoch Olinga bụ onye metụtara kpọmkwem na n'ụzọ doro anya uto nke okpukpe na Nigeria.[2] N'ịgbaso mmụba n'ofe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, a họpụtara ọgbakọ Mgbakọ ime mmụọ na mpaghara na 1956.[3] Ka ndị obodo na-amụba n'obodo ukwu wee bụrụ ndị dị iche iche na ntinye aka ya, ọ họpụtara Mgbakọ Ime Mmụọ nke Mba nke ya site na 1979.[4]. Atụmatụ ndị otu na-adị iche iche - atụmatụ 2001 nke Operation World gosiri 1000 Bahá'ís na 2001[5] ebe Association of Religion Data Archives (na-adabere na World Christian Encyclopedia) mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka Bahá'ís 38,000 na 2005. [1][2]

Afọ ndị mbụ

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Richard St. Barbe Baker biri ma rụọ ọrụ na ụfọdụ n'ime mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa na 1927-29, na-agbatị ọrụ ya nke Men of the Trees nke nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, yana dị ka onye Bahá'í kemgbe 1925. [3][4] N'afọ 1941, onye Naijiria Kingsley MBadiwe kwuru okwu n'ụlọ ọrụ Bahá'í nke New York.[5]

A hụrụ uto sara mbara n'okpukpe ahụ gafee Sub-Saharan Africa ka ọ malitere na 1950s wee gbasaa na 1960s. [6] N'afọ 1953, Shoghi Effendi, onye isi okpukpe ahụ, mere atụmatụ atụmatụ nkuzi mba ụwa nke a kpọrọ Agha Ntụte Afọ Iri. N'oge atụmatụ nkuzi ahụ, Maazị na Oriakụ Ali Nakhjavani ji ụgbọala na ndị ọsụ ụzọ Africa abụọ si Uganda mepee mba ọhụrụ maka okpukpe ahụ. Onye ọsụ ụzọ mbụ biri n'ebe bụ French Equatorial Africa n'oge ahụ, mgbe e mesịrị Enoch Olinga gara British Cameroon.[7] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1954, uto nke okwukwe Bahá'í na Cameroon mere ka ndị Bahá'ís ise na-eto eto bụrụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ n'ógbè ndị gbara ya gburugburu, onye ọ bụla ghọrọ Knight nke Bahá'u'lláh gụnyere Ghana, na Togo. Ka ọ dịgodị, akwụkwọ Bahá'í nke Olinga, Paris Talks, ghọrọ ntọala nke Chọọchị Bahá'i na Naijiria, na Calabar, nke rụrụ ọrụ na 1955-56. [8] N'otu oge na 1956 e nwere ihe karịrị 1000 Bahá'ís gafee North-West Africa, nke mere ka e nwee nzukọ ime mmụọ nke mpaghara gụnyere Nigeria na Olinga dị ka onyeisi oche ya na Tunis. [9][10][11]Chọọchị ahụ kewapụrụ onwe ya na obodo Bahá'í, mana ọ na-etinye ozizi Bahá'ís na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị ikom Cameroon niile n'otu nnukwu ubi nkwụ. E guzobere chọọchị ahụ, nwee ọganihu, wee daa kpamkpam na-amaghị ma bụrụ nke ndị ọsụ ụzọ Bahá'í na ndị obodo Bahá'ís mba ụwa na-amagwa ruo mgbe otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya gbalịrị iweghachi akwụkwọ ahụ. Ndị isi abụọ nke ụka ahụ mechara sonye n'okpukpe ahụ, ha nyekwara aka guzobe Nzukọ Mmụọ nke mbụ nke Calabar na 1957 ma jee ozi n'ọkwa ndị ọzọ.[12]

Ọganihu nke obodo

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Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1964, mgbe ọ na-ejikọta ya na Nzukọ Mmụọ nke North West Africa, Naịjirịa nwere Nzukọ Mmiri Obodo na Aba (Nigeria), Afikpo, Akpabuyo, Aningeje, Asata Enugu (?), Calabar, Ibadan, Lagos, Nyaje, Owom, na Sapele, na obere ìgwè Bahá'ís na Ebute Metta, Ikot Okriba, Ojok, Old Ndebeji, Onitcha, na Oron, na Bahá'is dịpụrụ adịpụ na Abakaliki, Abeokuta Falls, Mbeban Village. Mgbe ọnwụ Shoghi Effendi gasịrị, ụlọ ikpe zuru ụwa ọnụ a họpụtara bụ onye isi okpukpe ahụ wee malite ịhazigharị obodo Bahá'í nke Africa site na ịkewapụ obodo mba iji guzobe Nzukọ Mba nke ha, site na 1967 ọ bụ ezie na 1990s.[13] Site na Jenụwarị ruo Machị 1970 Aka nke Ihe kpatara Rúhíyyih Khanum gafere Africa site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-eleta ọtụtụ n'ime obodo ndị a gụnyere Naịjirịa na-ezute ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Bahá'í na obodo.[14] Mgbe Agha Obodo Naijiria gasịrị na 1967-70, ndị Bahá'í nke Naijiria họpụtara Nzukọ Mmụọ nke Mba ha site na 1979. [15]

N'afọ 1982, ndị Bahá'í nke Naijiria kwadoro otu n'ime nzukọ ise nke kọntinent kpọrọ oku site na Universal House of Justice, nke emere iji sọpụrụ ncheta ọnwụ Bahíyyih Khánum. [16]

N'afọ 1983, kọmitii ụmụ Bahá'í nke mba ahụ mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe maka Ụlọ akwụkwọ Bahá'í na Naijiria, gụnyere nkuzi maka ụmụaka na isiokwu "Akụkọ Bahá'i", "Ịdị ndụ Bahá'ï", na "ozizi Bahá'и".[15]

N'afọ 1984, ụlọ ọrụ West African Center for Bahá'í Studies gosipụtara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ife, na Ile Ife.[17]

Tọrọ ntọala na 1986, site na 2004 Bahá'í Justice Society nwere ndị otu na ọtụtụ mba gụnyere Naijiria.[18]

Na 1996 Naijiria nyere aka na nhọpụta nke São Tomé National Spiritual Assembly . [19]

Obodo nke oge a

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Ndị Bahá'ís nke Naijiria na-enwe ụlọ akwụkwọ dịgasị iche iche dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ Harmatan Bahá'í dị na Uyo, [20] ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na ọrụ mmepe na obodo isii n'ọhịa agụmakwụkwọ, agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka na ọrụ ugbo. [21]

Nzukọ Mmụọ nke Mba ahọpụtala ụlọ ọrụ Bahá'í nke Mba maka Ọganihu nke Ụmụ nwanyị na Lagos.[22] Ndị Bahá'ís nke Ibadan na Idi-Ose nwere nzukọ okpukpe na ụmụ nwanyị Ndị Kraịst, Hindu, na ndị Alakụba, na "Ndị inyom, Ịha nhata na Okpukpe".[23]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ

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Atụmatụ nke ndị otu dịgasị iche iche - atụmatụ 2001 nke Operation World gosipụtara 1000 Bahá'ís na 2001 [1] ebe Association of Religion Data Archives (na-adabere na World Christian Encyclopedia) mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka 38,172 Bahá'í. [2]

Ndị ama ama

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Richard St. Barbe Baker bụ onye a ma ama na-echekwa ọhịa ma na 1927-9 ọ bụ onye enyemaka na-echebara ọhịa maka mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa. [24]

Suheil Bushrui, onye rụrụ ọrụ na nkà ihe ọmụma Perennial ma bụrụ onye ọkà mmụta a ma ama na Khalil Gibran [25] na onye na-emeghe Mahadum Maryland, College Park Bahá'í Chair for World Peace, mbụ kụziri na Naijiria na Mahadum Ibadan tupu ọ gaa Lebanọn na 1968.[26][27]

Helen Elsie Austin biri na Lagos dị ka onye ọrụ US Foreign Service site na 1960 ruo 1970, ma na-eje ozi dị ka Onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na United States Information Agency. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na Nzukọ Mmụọ Bahá'í (ụdị ọchịchị a họpụtara ahọpụta nke okpukpe ahụ.) [28] [29]

Kiser Barnes bu ụzọ họpụta dịka onye otu Universal House of Justice na 2000. Na 1980s na 90s Barnes biri ndụ, rụọ ọrụ ọkachamara, ma jee ozi na nchịkwa nke okpukpe, na Nigeria. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi ukwu na ngalaba iwu na mahadum Obafemi Awolowo dị na Naịjirịa site n'afọ 1980 ruo 1993, wee nweta nzere masta. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa dị elu nke na-aga nke ọma site na 1981 ruo 1993..[30]

Hụkwa

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  • Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke Naịjirịa
  • Okpukpe na Naịjirịa
  • Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Naịjirịa
  • Okpukpe Bahá'í na Cameroon

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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The Bahá'í Faith In Nigeria, Dialogue & Alliance, Winter 1992, p104, nke Loni Bramson-Lerche.

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Republic of Niger for August 29. Operation World. Paternoster Lifestyle (2001). Archived from the original on 2008-03-22. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "thousand" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Most Baha'i Nations (2005). QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >. The Association of Religion Data Archives (2005). Archived from the original on 2016-01-23. Retrieved on 2009-07-04. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WCE-05" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Universal House of Justice (1986). In Memoriam. Baháʼí World Centre. ISBN 0-85398-234-1. 
  4. ↑ Community (October–December 2006). "We are what we eat, globally". One Country 18 (3). 
  5. ↑ "African Prince Speaks", The New York Age, 15 November 1941, p. 4. Retrieved on June 9, 2013.
  6. ↑ Overview Of World Religions. General Essay on the Religions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Division of Religion and Philosophy, University of Cumbria. Archived from the original on 2007-12-09. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
  7. ↑ Mughrab. "Jubilee Celebration in Cameroon", Baháʼí Journal of the Baháʼí Community of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
  8. ↑ Lee (November 1997). "The Baháʼí Church of Calabar, West Africa: The Problem of Levels in Religious History". Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies 1 (6). Retrieved on September 19, 2014. 
  9. ↑ Effendi (1963). North West Africa. Baháʼí World 1954-63. Baháʼí International Community. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.
  10. ↑ The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963 22, 46.
  11. ↑ Francis (1998). "Enoch Olinga -Hand of the Cause of God, Father of Victories", Olinga, Enoch. Baháʼí Faith Website of Reno, Nevada. 
  12. ↑ Lee (November 1997). "The Baha'i Church of Calabar, West Africa: The Problem of Levels in Religious History". Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies 1 (6). 
  13. ↑ National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼí of South Africa (1997). Baháʼís in South Africa - Progress of the Baháʼí Faith in South Africa since 1911. Official Website. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of South Africa. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
  14. ↑ (June 1970) "Hand of the Cause of God Rúhíyyih Khanum Travels Six Thousand Miles Across Africa". Baháʼí News (209): 3–18. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 MacEoin. Children/education (Listings). The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. Retrieved on 2008-03-26. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MacEoin" defined multiple times with different content
  16. ↑ Marks (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-86. Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust of the United States. ISBN 0-87743-239-2. 
  17. ↑ Lerche (1985). Circle of Peace: Reflections on the Baha'I Teachings. Kalimat Press. ISBN 0-933770-28-6. 
  18. ↑ Main Page. Official Webpage. Baháʼí Justice Society (2004-07-04). Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  19. ↑ Justice (1996-02-11). Letter To all National Spiritual Assemblies. Newspaper and Magazine articles, pre-1997. Baháʼí Academics Resource Library. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  20. ↑ Foxhall (2007-12-23). Photos from Uyo. UNjobs Association of Geneva. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
  21. ↑ Community (2006). In the Field: Some Examples. Baháʼí Topics. Baháʼí International Community. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
  22. ↑ Women's Organizations - Nigeria. Global List of Women's Organizations - A Subdivision of Fullmoon's Web. Denise Osted (2004-08-27). Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
  23. ↑ Community (2006). "Women, Equality and Religion". One Country. 
  24. ↑ St. Barbe Baker (1985). My Life, My Trees. Forres, Scotland: Findhorn Press. ISBN 0-905249-63-1. 
  25. ↑ Khahlil.org (2006). Baháʼí scholar receives interfaith honor. Khahlil.org. Archived from the original on 2006-05-27. Retrieved on 2008-05-13.
  26. ↑ Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland (February 2006). Center for International Development and Conflict Management (CIDCM)Welcomes Dr. John Grayzel. GVPT News. Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved on 2008-05-13.
  27. ↑ International Community. "From literature to peace: a scholar who strives to be a bridge between cultures", One Country, July–September 2003.
  28. ↑ National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. Selected profiles of African-American Baháʼís. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  29. ↑ Baháʼí International Community. "Standing up for justice and truth", Baháʼí World News Service, 2004-12-05.
  30. ↑ Biographies of Co-Chairs, Faith Participants and Other Invitees. World Faiths and Development - Dialogue. The World Bank Group. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
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