Ongan

Ongan, nke a na-akpọkwa Angan, Jarawa-Onge, ma ọ bụ South Andamanese, bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ nke nwere Asụsụ Andamanese abụọ a na-asụ na Ndịda Andaman Islands.

Asụsụ abụọ a maara dị ugbu a bụ:

Önge ma ọ bụ Onge; ndị na-asụ asụsụ 96 (Onge) na 1997, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụrụ otu asụsụ
Jarawa ma ọ bụ Järawa; e mere atụmatụ na 200 na-asụ (Jarawa) na 1997, otu asụsụ

Asụsụ na-ahụhụ adị nke Jangil na nke Sentinelese na-eme emu aka nwere ike ịbụ Ongan, mana akara ozi maka nke ọ ALA n'ime ha.

A na-ejikwa akara 'Asụsụ ndịda Andaman' maka asụsụ abụọ ndịda nwere njikọ chiri anya nke Great Andamanese.

Mmekọrịta mpụga

Asụsụ Andamanese a kwadoro na-adaba n'ezinụlọ abụọ doro anya, Great Andamanese na Ongan.

Myirịta dị n'etiti Great Andamanese na Ongan bụkarị ihe e ji akọwa ihe na ụdị ya, mana okwu ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe anaghị egosipụta nke ọma. Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ, gụnyere ndị nchọpụta ogologo oge dịka Joseph Greenberg, egosipụtala obi abụọ gbasara izi ezi nke Andamanese dịka ezinụlọ.[1]

Kemgbe ahụ, a tụwo aro (site na Juliette Blevins 2007) na Ongan (ma ọ bụghị Great Andamanese) nwere njikọ dị anya na Austronesian n'ezinụlọ a na-akpọ Austronesian-Ongan . Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ndị ọzọ anabataghị atụmatụ nke njikọ usoro ọmụmụ n'etiti Austronesian na Ongan. George Van Driem (2011) na-ewere ihe akaebe Blevins dị ka "ọ bụghị ihe na-akpali akpali", ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ahapụ ohere na ụfọdụ yiri ya nwere ike ịbụ nsonaazụ kọntaktị / ịgbazinye ego, ọnọdụ Hoogervorst nwekwara (2012). ^[1] Robert Blust (2014) na-ekwu na data ya anaghị akwado nkwubi okwu Blevins, na nke 25 mbụ ya, ọ dịghị nke a na-emegharị site na iji usoro ntụnyere. Blust kwubiri na ntụnyere ụtọ asụsụ anaghị akwụsi ike, ma na-ekwukwa ihe akaebe na-abụghị asụsụ (dị ka ọdịbendị, ihe mgbe ochie, na ihe ndị dị ndụ) megide echiche Blevins.

Ihe owuwu

↑ van Driem, George (2011). "Rice and the Austroasiatic and Hmong-Mien homelands". In N.J Enfield (ed.). Dynamics of human diversity: the case of mainland Southeast Asia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

Asụsụ Ongan bụọ a kwadoro dị nso, na mmezigharị akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịkarị mfe:

Nkwekọrịta ụdaume Proto-Ongan [7]
Okpukpu	*p	*b	*t	*d	*kw	*k	*ɡ	*j	*w	*c	*ɟ	*m	*n	*ɲ	*ŋ	*l	*r
Jarawa	p, b	b	t	d	Ọ bụ n'ihi na	h	ɡ, j	j	w	c	ɟ	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	l	r
Onge	b	b	t, d	d, r	kw, h	k, ɡ	ɡ, Ø	j	w	c, ɟ	ɟ	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	l, j	r/j/l, Ø

Nkwekọrịta ụdaume Proto-Ongan na mkpụrụedemede na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ [7]
Okpukpu	*i	*u	*a	*e	*o	(*ə)
Jarawa	i	u	a	e, ə, o	o	(ə)
Onge	i	u	a	e, ə, o	o	(ə)

*o mere ka ọ bụ allophonic maka *e n'ihu coda imi.

Asụsụ

Asụsụ Ongan bụ aglutinative, nwere nnukwu prefix na suffix system. ^[1]^[2] Ha nwere usoro klas aha dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na akụkụ ahụ, nke aha ọ bụla na adjective nwere ike iwere prefix dabere na akụkụ ahụ ọ na-ejikọta ya (na ndabere nke ọdịdị, ma ọ bụ njikọ ọrụ). ^[3] Ihe ọzọ pụrụ iche nke okwu maka akụkụ ahụ bụ na ha nwere ihe a na-apụghị ịnapụ ha, na-achọ adjective prefix possessive iji mezue ha, yabụ mmadụ enweghị ike ikwu "isi" naanị ya, mana naanị "m, ma ọ bụ ya, ma ọ bụrụ gị, wdg.^[3]

A na-anọchite anya nnọchiaha Ongan ebe a site na Önge:

Mụ onwe m	m-	anyị, anyị	na-, ot-
gị, gị	ŋ-	gị, gị	n-
ya, ya, ya ya, ya	g-	ha, ha	ekw-, ek-, ok-

Enwekwara prefix na-enweghị njedebe ən-, on- "onye". Jarawa enweghị usoro otutu, mana otu dị nso: m-, ŋ- ma ọ bụ n-, w-, ən-. Site na nke a, Blevins wughachiri Proto-Ongan *m-, *ŋ-, *gw-, *en-.

N'ikpebi site na isi mmalite dịnụ, asụsụ Andamanese nwere naanị ọnụọgụ abụọ: otu na abụọ na ọnụọgụ ha niile bụ otu, abụọ, otu ọzọ, ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ, na niile.^[2]

Hụkwa

Ndepụta nke Proto-Ongan reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Templeeti:Andamanese languages

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Das Gupta, D. na S. R. Sharma. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Asụsụ Önge. Nnyocha Anthropological nke India: Calcutta 1982.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ nke Jarawa: Phonology. Calcutta: Nnyocha Anthropological nke India, Gọọmentị nke India, Ministry of Culture, Youth Affairs, na Sports, Dept. of Culture.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Jarwa - Asụsụ na Ọdịbendị. Nnyocha Anthropological nke India, Ministry of Culture, Gọọmentị nke India, Kolkata

Njikọ mpụga

Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Freelang Onge

Templeeti:Language families

↑ Abbi, Anvita (2006). Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-866-5.
1 2 Temple, Richard C. (1902). A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, Being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair: Superintendent's Printing Press.
1 2 "Deep Linguistic Prehistory with Particular Reference to Andamanese". Working Papers, Lund University, Dept. Of Linguistics. 45: 5–24. 1996.

[1] van Driem, George (2011). "Rice and the Austroasiatic and Hmong-Mien homelands". In N.J Enfield (ed.). Dynamics of human diversity: the case of mainland Southeast Asia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[Abbi06-2] Abbi, Anvita (2006). Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-866-5.

[Templ-3] 1 2 Temple, Richard C. (1902). A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, Being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair: Superintendent's Printing Press.

[Burenh-4] 1 2 "Deep Linguistic Prehistory with Particular Reference to Andamanese". Working Papers, Lund University, Dept. Of Linguistics. 45: 5–24. 1996.

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