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Osimiri Kasai

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Kasai River
Kasai River watershed (Interactive map)
Map
Location
Countries
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationBié Plateau
 • coordinates11°34′59″S 19°01′26″E / 11.583°S 19.024°E / -11.583; 19.024
 • elevation1,300 m (4,300 ft)[1]
MouthCongo River
 • location
Kwamouth, DRC
 • coordinates
3°10′55″S 16°11′02″E / 3.182°S 16.184°E / -3.182; 16.184
 • elevation
272 m (892 ft)[1]
Length2,272 km (1,412 mi)[1]
Basin size884,376 km2 (341,459 sq mi)[2]
Discharge 
 • locationLediba
 • average(Period: 1922–2014)10,457 m3/s (330.0 km3/a)[3]
Discharge 
 • locationKutu-Moke
 • average(Period: 1948–2012)8,070 m3/s (285,000 cu ft/s)[4]
Discharge 
 • locationIlebo
 • average(1950–1959)2,240 m3/s (79,000 cu ft/s)[5]
Basin features
ProgressionKasai → Congo → Atlantic Ocean
River systemCongo River
Tributaries 
 • leftLuembe, Longatshimo, Tshikapa, Lovua, Loange, Lubue, Piopio, Kamtsha, Kwango, Buma
 • rightMunyango, Luau, Kasangeshi, Lueta, Lulua, Lutshuadi, Sankuru, Fimi
Stanley's route is depicted by the solid black line.

Osimiri Kasai (Swahili: Mto Kasai, French: Kasaï; a kpọrọ Cassai na Angolan Portuguese) bụ akụkụ aka ekpe nke Osimiri Congo, nke dị na Central Africa.[6] Osimiri ahụ na-amalite n'etiti Angola ma na-asọga n'ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo mgbe ọ ruru ókèala dị n'etiti Angola na Democratic Republic of the Congo, ebe ọ na-atụgharị n'ebe ugwu ma na-eje ozi dị ka ókèala ruo mgbe ọ na-asọba n'ime DRC. Site na Ilebo, n'etiti njikọta ya na Osimiri Lulua na Osimiri Sankuru, osimiri Kasai na-atụgharị gaa n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ. A makwaara akụkụ ala nke osimiri ahụ, site na njikọ ya na Osimiri Fimi ruo mgbe ọ sonyeere Congo na Kwamouth n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Kinshasa, dịka a maara ya dị ka Kwa(h) River.

Ógbè Kasai bụ ebe oké ọhịa dị n'akụkụ oké osimiri, nke na-enye ala ọrụ ugbo n'ógbè a maara maka ala na-adịghị emepụta ihe na ájá.[6] Ọ bụ akụkụ nke osimiri Congo, a na-ahụkwa dayamọnd n'ime ya. Ihe dị ka pasentị iri isii nke dayamọnd dị na Belgium na-esi n'osimiri Kasai apụta maka ịkpụ na ịkpụzi.

Ịhapụ

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Mmiri si n'Osimiri Kasai gbapụta na Lediba (3°3′25.4556″S 16°32′55.0644″E / 3.057071000°S 16.548629000°E / -3.057071000; 16.548629000) na Kutu-Moke (3°12′33.0516″S 17°20′42.4032″E / 3.209181000°S 17.345112000°E / -3.209181000; 17.345112000) ọdụ nlele.
Year Lediba Kutu-

Moke

Average discharge

(m³/s)

2016 9,350
2015 8,090
2014 9,040
2013 9,520
2012 8,870 6,800
2011 7,940 6,093
2010 7,320 5,614
2009 8,820 6,764
2008 10,400 7,976
2007 13,180 10,110
2006 10,740 8,236
2005 9,017 6,917
2004 8,130 6,235
2003 11,520 8,837
2002 11,150 8,552
2001 9,290 7,125
2000 8,310 6,496
1999 7,030 5,463
1998 7,010 5,480
1997 9,800 7,659
1996 8,950 7,000
1995 7,620 5,960
1994 7,430 5,810
1993 8,580 6,705
1992 7,790 6,089
1991 10,410 8,136
1990 11,150 8,717
1989 12,810 9,988
1988 11,450 8,953
1987 11,120 8,694
1986 9,980 7,804
1985 9,550 7,463
1984 8,800 6,879
1983 10,340 8,084
1982 10,100 7,897
1981 9,500 7,427
1980 9,230 7,213
1979 11,710 9,153
1978 10,730 8,385
1977 12,450 9,731
1976 11,760 9,194
1975 10,720 8,383
1974 10,080 7,878
1973 9,970 7,796
1972 10,540 8,236
1971 11,360 8,880
1970 12,040 9,232
1969 13,020 9,986
1968 13,100 10,050
1967 11,510 8,832
1966 12,340 9,466
1965 10,970 8,417
1964 11,950 9,167
1963 11,960 9,173
1962 13,510 10,360
1961 12,440 9,543
1960 11,430 8,764
1959 9,960 7,638
1958 9,850 7,552
1957 11,810 9,060
1956 11,580 8,882
1955 11,360 8,717
1954 11,390 8,735
1953 10,220 7,837
1952 10,490 8,646
1951 11,260 8,640
1950 11,240 8,619
1949 11,560 8,870
1948 11,360 8,716
Notes:

Average minimum and maximum discharge: Lediba 5,000–20,000 m³/s (1932–1959), Kutu-Moke 4,400–11,600 m³/s (1932–1959)

Source:[4][7]

Nnyocha

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Henry Morton Stanley rutere confluence na 9 Maachị 1877, na-akpọ osimiri Nkutu "osimiri dị ike ma dị omimi", mana ha ghọtara na ọ sitere na Kwango nke David Livingstone.[8]: Vol.Two, 252 

Tributaries

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Isi mmiri Kasai tributaries site na njikọ ya na Congo:[1]

  • Fimi (aka nri – Fimi na Luknie 1,120 km)
  • Kwilu–Kwango (aka ekpe – 1,702 km)
  • Loange (aka ekpe – 865 km)
  • Sankuru ( aka nri – Sankuru– Lubilanji 1,280 km)
  • Lulua (aka nri – 1,184 km)
  • Tshikapa (aka ekpe – 630 km)
  • Longatshimo (aka ekpe – 550 km)
  • Luembe (aka ekpe – 780 km)
  • Lueta (aka nri – 395 km)
Isi iyi mmiri si n'ọnụ pụta:
Left tributary Right tributary Length (km) Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)*
Kwa–Kasai 2,272 894,486.6 10,457.3
Kwa
Mbala 57.5 1,100.1 14.9
Fimi ¹ 1,120 136,174.7 2,252.9
Lower Kasai
Lekulu 57.5 793.5 9.3
Buma 138 3,354.7 42.3
Kwango 1,702 270,904.3 3,317.4
Kamtsha 250 8,887.4 106.4
Piopio 165 3,169.1 34.8
Liau 1,231.6 14.4
Lubue 227 8,611.7 103.5
Loange 865 41,799.5 489.1
Middle Kasai
Lumbudji 137 2,876.8 25.4
Lubudi 153 1,999.2 17
Sankuru ² 1,280 149,479.5 1,738.1
Lutshuadi 177 4,596.5 39.2
Lulua 1,184 70,612.5 798
Upper Kasai
Yeye 47 1,379.3 8.9
Kabambaie 77 2,083.7 10.8
Lovua 297 8,262.4 73.9
Tshikapa 630 19,512.1 179.5
Longatshimo 550 19,847.3 198.5
Luenda 69 1,791.4 10.1
Luembe 780 46,648.8 453.4
Lueta (Kaungej) 395 13,000.1 87.6
Kasangeshi 206 3,610.2 22.1
Luele 1,173.3 7.9
Dembo 87 1,924.8 13.1
Luau 105 4,294.4 38.5
Lualo 1,532.8 14.6
Lutshima 166 1,616.6 11.5
Munyango 3,133.1 20.9
Notes:

* Period: 1948–2012; ¹ Fimi–Lukenie;

² Sankuru–Lubulanji;

Source:[9][1]

Mkpa akụ na ụba

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Mmiri ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Kasai enweghị ihe mgbochi dịka cataracts na ahịhịa osimiri, nke mere ka ha dị mfe ịnyagharị. Ha na-eme ka ngalaba njem dị mfe ma na-etolite ụzọ azụmaahịa dị mkpa. Ọrụ osimiri ahụ n'ịgagharị na azụmaahịa pụtara ìhè karịa n'oge tupu ọchịchị mba ọzọ mgbe a na-azụ ahịa ohu n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. Ndị ahịa ohu jiri otu n'ime nnukwu mmiri mmiri ya, Osimiri Kwango, gaa n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri, jide ndị ohu wee chọta ụzọ ha ga-esi laghachi n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic ebe ha kwụsịrị ụgbọ mmiri ha. Ọ na-ese okwu nke ukwuu na ụfọdụ alaeze obodo dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Kasai kwadoro ahịa ohu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, alaeze Rund, nyere ndị ahịa ohu a ma ama dịka John Matthews, onye Britain na-ere ohu a ma ama, ndị ohu. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume ndị a mere n'etiti narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19, ha mere ka o nwee mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide n'ógbè ndị kacha pụta ìhè, dịka n'etiti osimiri Kwango na Kwilu. Ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ agbakebeghị nke ọma, ebe ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ dị ala karịa nke ebe ndị na-azụghị ahịa ohu. Ihe kacha kpalite mmasị ndị Britain na ndị Portugal n'Osimiri Kasai bụ ọnụnọ nke dayamọnd alluvial dị n'ime akwa ndị bara ụba, ọkachasị n'ọnụ osimiri ahụ. E nwekwara ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ dị n'akụkụ otu nnukwu mmiri mmiri, Osimiri Kwango. N'eziokwu, ọ bụ ihe a na-anụkarị okwu bụ́ "ebe obi dayamọnd nke Ugwu Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Angola" e ji mee ihe maka ndagwurugwu Osimiri Kwango. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe ndina alluvial diamond a na-ahụ na mpaghara a bụ ndị kacha baa ọgaranya na Angola.

Leekwa

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Ntụaka

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Le cours de la rivière Kasaï".
  2. ↑ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  3. ↑ Dr. Raphael, M. Tshimanga (2019). "Centre de Recherche en Ressources en Eau du Bassin du Congo".
  4. 1 2 Laraque, Alain; Moukandi N’kaya, Guy D. (2020). "Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa". Water. 12 (9): 2613. Bibcode:2020Water..12.2613L. doi:10.3390/w12092613.
  5. ↑ Zaire (PDF) (Report). BGS, British Geological Survey.
  6. 1 2 Broadhead, Susan (1992). Historical dictionary of Angola. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. p. 99. ISBN 0585070091.
  7. ↑ Sly, Wongchuig; Benjamin, Kitambo; Fabrice, Papa; Adrien, Paris; Ayan Santos, Fleischmann; Laetitia, Gal; Julien, Boucharel; Rodrigo, Paiva; Romulo Jucá, Oliveira; Raphael M., Tshimanga; Stéphane, Calmant (2023). "Improved modeling of Congo's hydrology for floods and droughts analysis and ENSO teleconnections" (PDF). Regional Studies. 50 101563: 21. Bibcode:2023JHyRS..5001563W. doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101563.
  8. ↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685
  9. ↑ Eric, Tilman. "Congo River".

Njikọ mpụga

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Wikimedia Commons nwe ru media dị ikwu nye Kasai River.

10°57′37″S 19°18′56″E / 10.96028°S 19.31556°E / -10.96028; 19.31556

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